Antiochus IX Cyzicenus
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| Antiochus IX Cyzicenus | |
|---|---|
| Antiochus IX Eusebes Cyzicenus | |
 | |
| Kingof theSeleucid Empire | |
| Reign | 116 BC–96 BC (with his brotherAntiochus VIII Grypus) |
| Predecessor | Antiochus VIII Grypus |
| Successor | Seleucus VI Epiphanes |
| Born | Unknown |
| Died | 96 BC |
| Spouse |
|
| Issue | Antiochus X Eusebes |
| Dynasty | Seleucid |
| Father | Antiochus VII Sidetes |
| Mother | Cleopatra Thea |
Antiochus IX Eusebes Cyzicenus(Greek:Ἀντίοχος Εὐσεβής Κυζικηνός,"Antiochus the Pious, theCyzicene") was a ruler of theHellenisticSeleucid kingdom.He was the son ofAntiochus VII SidetesandCleopatra Thea.[2]He left the kingdom in 129 BC and went to the city of Cyzicus, but he returned in 116 BC to challenge his half-brotherAntiochus VIIIfor power.
The siblings fought a twenty-year civil war. In 112 BC, Antiochus IX's wife,Cleopatra IV,was killed by her sisterTryphaena,the wife of Antiochus VIII. Tryphaena herself died shortly afterwards. Antiochus VIII was assassinated in 96 BC; he was succeeded by his sonsSeleucus VIandDemetrius III.Antiochus IX then took the capitalAntiochand married his deceased wife's sisterCleopatra Selene,who was herself the widow of Antiochus VIII. Seleucus VI continued the war against his uncle. Antiochus IX Eusebes Cyzicenus was killed in battle in 96 B.C.
Biography
[edit]
The son ofAntiochus VII SidetesandCleopatra Thea,[2]upon the death of his father inParthiaand his uncleDemetrius II Nicator'sreturn to power (129 BC), his mother sent him toCyzicuson theBosporus,thus giving him his nickname.[citation needed]
Following the death of his mother c. 121 BC,[2]Antiochus IX Cyzicenus challenged his half-brother,Antiochus VIII Grypus,for power over Syria.[2]
He returned toSyriain 116 BC to claim theSeleucidthrone from his half-brother/cousin Antiochus VIII Grypus, with whom he eventually divided Syria,[citation needed]that same year.[2]
Antiochus IX Cyzicenus was first married toCleopatra IV,who was said to have been killed in 112 BC[4]by her sister and rivalTryphaena,wife of King Grypus.[5][6][7]After the death of Grypus and Antiochus' capture of the capital, Antiochus marriedCleopatra Selene of Syria,the sister of his former wife, Cleopatra IV.[4]
He was subsequently killed in battle by the son of Grypus,Seleucus VI Epiphanes,later in 96 BC.
Legacy
[edit]Antiochus IX probably created theItureantetrarchy as an ally against Antiochus VIII.[8]
See also
[edit]
References
[edit]- ^Oliver D. Hoover,Handbook of Syrian Coins: Royal and Civic Issues, Fourth to First Centuries BC[The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series, Volume 9], Lancaster/London, Classical Numismatic Group, 2009, pp. 250-251.
- ^abcdeAntiochus IX Cyzicenusentry in historical sourcebook by Mahlon H. Smith
- ^ARTHUR HOUGHTON,THE PORTRAIT OF ANTIOCHUS IX[ Antike Kunst, vol 27, issue 2], Vereinigung der Freunde Antiker Kunst, 1984, pp. 123-128.
- ^ab"E. R. Bevan: The House of Ptolemy • Chap. XI".
- ^Aidan Dodson, Dyan Hilton, The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt, 2004
- ^Cleopatra Theaby Chris Bennett
- ^Justin 39, 3, 3-11.
- ^Wright 2005,p. 80.
Sources
[edit]- Wright, Nicholas L. (2005). "Seleucid Royal Cult, Indigenous Religious Traditions and Radiate Crowns: The Numismatic Evidence".Mediterranean Archaeology.18.Sydney University Press: 81.ISSN1030-8482.
- Vermeule, Cornelius (1970). "Near Eastern, Greek, and Roman Gems: A Recent Gift to the Collections".Boston Museum Bulletin.68(353). Museum of Fine Arts, Boston: 197–214.JSTOR4171534.OCLC866801443.
External links
[edit]
- An engraved gem.Property of The Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. It probably depicts Antiochus IX.[1]
- ^Vermeule 1970,p. 205.