Aortic body
| Aortic body | |
|---|---|
 Theheart,thoracic aortaand other great vessels (aortic body not visible, butaortic archlabeled at center) | |
| Details | |
| Nerve | Vagus nerve |
| Identifiers | |
| Latin | Glomus aorticum, corpora paraaortica |
| MeSH | D001016 |
| Anatomical terminology | |
Theaortic bodiesare one of several small clusters ofperipheral chemoreceptorslocated along theaortic arch.They are important in measuringpartial pressuresofoxygenandcarbon dioxidein theblood,andblood pH.
Structure[edit]
The aortic bodies are collections ofchemoreceptorspresent on theaortic arch.[1]Most are located above the aortic arch,[2]while some are located on the posterior side of the aortic arch between it and thepulmonary arterybelow.[3]They consist ofglomus cellsandsustentacular cells.[1]
Some sources equate the "aortic bodies" and "paraaortic bodies",while other sources explicitly distinguish between the two.[4][5]When a distinction is made, the "aortic bodies" arechemoreceptorswhich regulate thecirculatory system,while the "paraaortic bodies" are thechromaffin cellswhich manufacturecatecholamines.[6]
Function[edit]
The aortic bodies measure partial gaspressuresand the composition of arterial blood flowing past it.[7]These changes may include:
- oxygenpartial pressure.[7][8]
- carbon dioxidepartial pressure.[7][8]
- pH(indirectly affected by carbon dioxide concentration).[1][8]
They are particularly sensitive to changes in pH.[2]Aortic bodies are more sensitive detectors of total arterial blood oxygen content than thecarotid bodychemoreceptors, which are more sensitive detectors of the partial pressure of oxygen in the arterial blood.[8]
The aortic bodies give feedback to themedulla oblongata,specifically to thedorsal respiratory group,via the afferent branches of thevagus nerve(cranial nerve X).[1][3]The medulla oblongata, in turn, regulatesbreathingandblood pressure.
Clinical significance[edit]
Aparaganglioma,also known as achemodectoma,is atumorthat may involve an aortic body.[9]
Swellingcan also occur.[vague]These bodies detect blood pressure and are involving in passing out andPOTS syndrome.
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^abcdRussell, D. S. (2014-01-01), McManus, Linda M.; Mitchell, Richard N. (eds.),"Comparative Pathology: Cardiovascular System",Pathobiology of Human Disease,San Diego: Academic Press, pp. 1042–1070,doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-386456-7.03403-1,ISBN978-0-12-386457-4,retrieved2021-01-01
- ^abAhluwalia, N.; Owens, R. L.; Badr, S.; Malhotra, A. (2013-01-01),"Sleep and the Control of Breathing",in Kushida, Clete A. (ed.),Encyclopedia of Sleep,Waltham: Academic Press, pp. 525–532,doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-378610-4.00109-1,ISBN978-0-12-378611-1,retrieved2021-01-01
- ^abKazemi, Homayoun; Johnson, Douglas C. (2002-01-01),"Respiration",in Ramachandran, V. S. (ed.),Encyclopedia of the Human Brain,New York: Academic Press, pp. 209–216,doi:10.1016/b0-12-227210-2/00302-2,ISBN978-0-12-227210-3,retrieved2021-01-01
- ^Aortic+Bodiesat the U.S. National Library of MedicineMedical Subject Headings(MeSH)
- ^Para-Aortic+Bodiesat the U.S. National Library of MedicineMedical Subject Headings(MeSH)
- ^Piskuric, Nikol A.; Nurse, Colin A. (2013)."Expanding role of ATP as a versatile messenger at carotid and aortic body chemoreceptors".The Journal of Physiology.591(2): 415–422.doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2012.234377.ISSN0022-3751.PMC3577521.PMID23165772.
- ^abcBalcombe, Jonathan; Torigian, Drew A.; Kim, Woojin; Miller, Wallace T. (2007-04-01)."Cross-Sectional Imaging of Paragangliomas of the Aortic Body and Other Thoracic Branchiomeric Paraganglia".American Journal of Roentgenology.188(4): 1054–1058.doi:10.2214/AJR.05.1497.ISSN0361-803X.PMID17377046.
- ^abcdPrabhakar, Nanduri R. (2016-01-01), Zufall, Frank; Munger, Steven D. (eds.),"Chapter 18 - O2 and CO2 Detection by the Carotid and Aortic Bodies",Chemosensory Transduction,Academic Press, pp. 321–338,doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801694-7.00018-4,ISBN978-0-12-801694-7,retrieved2021-01-01
- ^Miller, Margaret A. (2017-01-01), Zachary, James F. (ed.),"Chapter 12 - Endocrine System1",Pathologic Basis of Veterinary Disease (Sixth Edition),Mosby, pp. 682–723.e1,doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-35775-3.00012-6,ISBN978-0-323-35775-3,retrieved2021-01-01