Aragonese dialects

Dialectal areas of Aragonese.

TheAragonese languagehas many regionaldialects,which can be grouped by valley or largercomarcaareas. The area where Aragonese is spoken has quite a ruggedreliefand is generally sparsely populated with many tracts and valleys pretty isolated from each other. In the literature about the language, the termdialectis ambiguous and can be used to refer to well-known valleyvarieties,such aschesooransotano.Aragonese speakers can be classified into four groups or main dialectal areas followingFrancho Nagore:Western, Central, Eastern, and Southern. There is a centuries-olddiglossiathat has favored the lack of unitary awareness among Aragonese speakers; in areas where the language has been best preserved, Aragonese speakers often use local names for their dialect.

Classification proposals

The Four Dialects

The most accepted dialectal classification is the one by Francho Nagore, who classified Aragonese varieties into 4 groups:

• Western Aragonese
• Central Aragonese
• Eastern Aragonese
• Southern Aragonese

For some, these groups are considered complex dialects and their internal variations, such as Cheso or Chistabino, would be regional variants. For others, the four groups are the constituent dialects of the Aragonese language and the variants that they include would be subdialects, spoken locally or regionally.

Others

Although the Nagore classification with four dialectal areas is the most widespread, other authors have proposed alternatives. For Chusé Raúl Usón and Chabier Tomás, there would be three historical dialects that correspond more or less to the three old Pyrenean counties:

• Western Dialect:County of Aragón
• Central Dialect:County of Sobrarbe
• Eastern Dialect:County of Ribagorza

Fernando Sánchez proposed a classification that posits the existence of two great variants/dialects: Western and Eastern. These would also have more extreme subvarieties:

• Within the Western dialect: Ansotano (and in some ways, Cheso and Ayerbense), with extreme Western characteristics, related to the ancient Navarrese romance.
• Within the Eastern dialect: Ribagorzano, with many traits close to Catalan.

Eastern Aragonese

See also:Ribagorçan dialectandBenasquese dialect

The eastern area includes a large part of the historicCounty of Ribagorza,plus eastern parts ofSobrarbe,and has many features in common withCatalan,with increasing similarity as one moves east.

Some common features of the group are:

• Latin plosive consonants become voiced between vowels:meligo(navel),caixigo(type of oak),forau(hole).
• In participles, the voiced Latin -T- was later deleted, giving endings in-au, -iu:cantau, metiu(sung, put in).
• There is a periphrastic past perfect as in modern Catalan:él/ell ba cantá/cantar(he sang).
• Conservation of the adverbial pronouni(< IBI).
• Compared to the other dialects, more cases of evolution of the Latin endings -TY, -CE, -CI, -DE to-u,as in Catalan:peu(foot).

Western Aragonese

The Western Aragonese area corresponds to theJacetaniaregion, plus part ofAlto Gállegoand a few towns inCinco Villas.Western dialects includeAnsó Aragonese,Hecho Aragonese,Aragüés Aragonese,andAísa Aragonese.

Common features:

• Latin plosive consonants are voiced between vowels, but with exceptions, such asgramitoorespata.These exceptions might be related to theGascon dialect.
• Participles, have endings in-au, -iu.
• The 1st and 2nd person plural pronouns arenosandbos.
• Dative pronouns:li,lis.
• Adverbial pronounbi(< IBI), equivalent to Frenchy,Catalanhi,etc.

Southern Aragonese

Southern dialects includeNevalese.They are the ones more influenced by theSpanish language,and in recent times most of them have lost all but a few of their Aragonese features, merging with the Spanish dialects spoken to the south of the area.

Central Aragonese

Corresponds to part ofAlto Gállegoand western parts ofSobrarbe.Features:

• Some instances of-ia-diphthong from Latin short E:fiasta(celebration).
• Latin intervocalic stops remain voiceless much more often than in other dialects:capeza(head),saper(to know),lupo(wolf),ayutar(to help).
• This conservation of voiceless stops leads to participles in-ato,-ito.
• Voicing of voiceless stops after liquid consonant: -MP- > -mb-; -NT- > -nd-; -NK- > -ng-; -LT- > -ld-; -RT- > -rd-; -LP- > -lb-; -RK- > -rg-. These rules apply variably for different words and towns.
• In some towns, definite articlesro, ra, ros, rasinstead of the general Aragoneseo, a, os, as.

Current Classification of Regional Dialects

Western Block:

• Ansotanofrom Ansó Valley
• ChesofromHecho Valley
• AragüesinofromAragüésandJasa
• Aisinofrom Aísa Valley
• Jaqués fromJaca

Central Block:

• Central Western Aragonese
  • Tensino fromTena Valley
    • Panticuto fromPanticosa
  • Biescasland Aragonese
  • AcumuerValley Aragonese
  • Serrablés from Serrablo
  • Ballibasa Aragonese fromYebra de Basa
  • Sobrepuerto Aragonese
• Central Eastern Aragonese
  • FiscalAragonese
  • Bergotés fromBrotoValley
  • Vió Valley Aragonese
  • PuértolasValley Aragonese
  • Tella Valley Aragonese
  • Belsetano fromBielsa
  • Sierra Ferrera Aragonese

Eastern Block:

• Chistabino from Gistau Valley
• Fovano fromLa FuevaValley
• Ribagorzano Aragonesefrom the oldCounty of Ribagorza
  • Altorribagorzano or Benasqués or PatuésfromBenasqueValley
  • Mediorribagorzano orCampodialect
  • Bajorribagorzano
    • Grausino fromGraus
    • Estadillano fromEstadilla
    • Foncense fromFonz

Southern Block:

• Ayerbense fromAyerbe
• Somontanés Aragonese fromSomontano
  • NavalésfromNaval
• Aragonese from OldSobrarbe

Transition Dialects

• Aragonese Spanish

Valleys and Somontano

There are different degrees of similarities between variants:

Axial Pyrenees Valleys

The topography in the form of well-separated valleys has caused the Aragonese language to have evolved into a dialect or locally spoken language in each valley:

Valley	Aragonese Variant
Ansó	Ansotano
Hecho Valley	Cheso
Aragüés and Jasa	Aragüesino
Aísa	Aisino
Tena Valley	Tensino
Broto Valley	Bergotés
Ballibió	Aragonese of Ballibió
Bielsa	Belsetano
Gistaín Valley	Chistabino
Benasque Valley	Benasqués

Western and Eastern Poles

There is a distribution of differences between the East and the West, with boundaries that do not coincide, but some that appear mainly from Broto and Cotefablo to the Ribagorza and further, and others that are seen mainly from Tena and Cotefablo to Navarre.

See also

• Judaeo-Aragonese