Artus Quellinus the Elder
Artus Quellinus the Elder | |
|---|---|
 Artus Quellinus I after a painting byErasmus Quellinus II(1662). | |
| Born | 20 or 30 August 1609 |
| Died | 23 August 1668(aged 58) Antwerp, Spanish Netherlands |
| Nationality | Flemish |
| Known for | Sculpture |
| Movement | Baroque |
Artus Quellinus the Elder,Artus Quellinus IorArtus (Arnoldus) Quellijn(20 or 30 August 1609,Antwerp– 23 August 1668, Antwerp) was aFlemishsculptor. He is regarded as the most important representative of theBaroquein sculpture in the Southern Netherlands. He worked for a long period in theDutch Republicand operated large workshops both in Antwerp and Amsterdam. His work had a major influence on the development of sculpture in Northern Europe.[1]
Life[edit]
Artus Quellinus the Elder was born into an artistic family. He was the son of the respected Antwerp sculptorErasmus Quellinus Iand Elisabeth van Uden.[2]His brothers became prominent artists:Erasmuswas apainterandHubertuswas anengraverand painter. His sister Cornelia married his father's pupil, the sculptorPieter Verbrugghen the Elder.[3]
Artus Quellinus received his first training from his father.[4]In the period from 1635 to 1639 he trained in Rome in the studio of his compatriotFrançois Duquesnoy.
He spent time inLyontogether with the Flemish painterLaureys Franckand was in contact there with theDutchengraverNicolaas van Helt Stockadeand the Dutch painterJan Asselijn.[2]
He returned to Antwerp in 1639 and became member of the localGuild of Saint Lukein 1640–41. In 1640 he took over the workshop of his father and married Marguerite Verdussen (she died on 12 February 1668).[2]He worked in Amsterdam in the years 1646 and 1647 and also spent time inSweden.
He won commissions inAmsterdamand, from 1650 onwards, worked for fifteen years on the newcity halltogether with the lead architectJacob van Campen.Now called the Royal Palace on theDam,this construction project, and in particular the marble decorations he and his workshop produced, became an example for other buildings in Amsterdam. One of his great patrons was Amsterdam burgomaster and statesmanAndries de Graeff.[5]The team of sculptors that Artus supervised during his work on the Amsterdam city hall included many sculptors who would become leading sculptors in their own right such as his cousinArtus Quellinus II,Rombout Verhulst,Bartholomeus EggersandGabriël Grupelloand probably alsoGrinling Gibbons.[6][7]
He returned to work in Antwerp in 1658 and remained active mainly in this city until his death.
His many pupils included his cousin Artus Quellinus II, Martin Deurweerders, Grinling Gibbons, Gabriël Grupello,Pieter Verbrugghen I,Lodewijk Willemsens, Jackes Janssen (1641–42); Hendricus Quellinus (1643–44); Hubertus Daep (1651-52); Aurelius Gompaert (1651–52); Gabriël Grupello (1658–69); Jan Bouttil (1660–61); Lodewyk Willemsen (1661–62); Jasper van Steen (1664-65); Lambertus Lowies (1666–67) and Dirick Willekens van Werelt (1667–68).[2]Many of these students would become leading sculptors in their own right who would help spread the late Baroque style across Europe.
Work[edit]
General[edit]
Quellinus had brought back from Italy a new vision of the role of the sculptor. The sculptor was no longer to be an ornamentalist but a creator of a total artwork in which architectural components were replaced by sculptures. The church furniture became an occasion for the creation of large-scale compositions, incorporated into the church interior.[8]Stylistically he introduced the classicizingBaroquestyle of François Duquesnoy (the so-calledla gran maniera greca) to his nativeAntwerp.[9]He thus introduced into Flemish sculpture the Baroque style developed by François Duquesnoy, which was based onclassicalsculpture.[8]This style was less expressive than the Baroque style ofGian Lorenzo Bernini,the main competitor of François Duquesnoy in Rome. Another influence on his work that mitigated Dusquesnoy's clacissistic tendencies was the realism ofJohannes van MildertandLucas Faydherbe,two sculptors who had worked closely withPeter Paul Rubens.[4]
As Artus Quellinus I mainly worked on monumental commissions, most of his work is to be foundin situwith as principal locations the cities ofBrussels,Antwerp and Amsterdam.
Artus Quellinus I also produced small-scale sculptures such as ivory-carvings.[1]
Amsterdam city hall[edit]
His work on the city hall of Amsterdam was very influential. It was popularised by his brother Hubertus, who engraved many of his works in the city hall and published a book of these together with 30 architectural drawings by van Campen in 1665.[10]One particular feature of the city hall, the so-calledvierschaarortribunal,reflected the fashion of the period and, in particular, the ideals of the Italian architectAndrea Palladioand his pupilsVincenzo ScamozziandCesare Ripa.An exhibition was held, focusing on the work of Quellinus, from June to September 1977.[11]
Funerary monuments[edit]
In the Dutch Republic Artus Quellinus I was further noted for funerary monuments and portrait busts. His monumental tomb forOtto Christoph von Sparr,GeneralfeldmarschallofBrandenburg-Prussia,in theSt. Mary's Church, Berlinhad an important influence on the development of tomb sculpture in Northern Germany. Another tomb monument he made in Germany was that forFrederick III, Duke of Holstein-GottorpinSchleswig Cathedral.[12]
Portrait sculpture[edit]
Artus Quellinus I made an important contribution to Dutch portrait sculpture through a series of portraits of leading citizens such as the Burgomasters of Amsterdam, their wives and, in particular, a bust of the Grand Pensionary of Holland,Johan de Wittand one of his uncle Amsterdam burgomasterAndries de Graeff.The portraits combine the classical style with late Baroque devices such as the inclusion of the arms of the sitter. His sculptures were so popular in Amsterdam that the leading Dutch writersJoost van den VondelandJan Vosdedicated poems to his work.[13]
His oeuvre after his return to Antwerp in 1658 is less well known. The most important piece is undoubtedly the half-length marble portrait bust ofLuis de Benavides Carrillo, Marquis of Caracena,the Governor of the Southern Netherlands, with its realistically sculpted facial features and free flowing hair.[14][1]
References[edit]
- ^abcHans Vlieghe and Iris Kockelbergh. "Quellinus."Grove Art Online. Oxford Art Online. Oxford University Press. Web. 25 March 2014
- ^abcdBiographical detailsat theNetherlands Institute for Art History(in Dutch)
- ^Hans Vlieghe and iris Kockelbergh. "Erasmus Quellinus I"Grove Art Online. Oxford Art Online. Oxford University Press. Web. 23 March. 2014
- ^abMatthias Depoorter,Artus Quellinus Iat: Baroque in the Southern Netherlands
- ^Pieter C. Vis: Andries de Graeff (1611–1678) ’t Gezagh is heerelyk: doch vol bekommeringen
- ^Geoffrey Beard. "Gibbons, Grinling."Grove Art Online. Oxford Art Online. Oxford University Press. Web. 25 March 2014
- ^Kai Budde. "Grupello, Gabriel."Grove Art Online. Oxford Art Online. Oxford University Press. Web. 25 March 2014
- ^abHelena Bussers,De baroksculptuur en het barokArchived10 April 2021 at theWayback Machineat Openbaar Kunstbezit Vlaanderen(in Dutch)
- ^François Duquesnoy and the Greek Ideal, by Estelle Lingo, 2007,ISBN978-0-300-12483-5
- ^Afbeelding van 't stadt huys van Amsterdam: in dartigh coopere plaaten(Images of the City Hall of Amsterdam in 30 engravings), by Jacob van Campen & drawings by Jacob Vennekool; followed byDe voornaemste statuen ende ciraten vant konstrijck stadthuys van Amstelredam, tmeeste in marmer gemaeckt door Artus Quellinus(The main statuary and reliefs of the Amsterdam City Hall by Artus Quellinus) – digitized courtesy ofTresoar,the Frisian Historic and Literary Center inLeeuwarden
- ^Koninklijk Paleis (Amsterdam, Netherlands) (1977).Focus on sculpture: Quellien's art in the palace on the dam [exhibition 12th June - 11th September 1977.Amsterdam.OCLC17320765.
{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^Regina Bartsch-Molden:Artus Quellinus' Grabmal Sparr. Der Einfluß der Niederlande auf das Grabmal in Norddeutschland zwischen 1650 und 1725.PEter LAng Verlag, FrankfurtM. 1993,ISBN3-631-46089-9(zugl. Dissertation FU Berlin 1992).
- ^Frits Scholten, Mea Sorte Contentus: Rombout Verhulst's Portrait of Jacob van Reygersbergh,in The J. Paul Getty Museum Journal: Volume 19, 1991, The J. Paul Getty Museum Getty Publications, 28 Jan 1993, p. 65-74
- ^Luis de Benavides Carrillo, Marquis of Caracenai, the Governor of the Southern Netherlandsin theRoyal Museum of Fine Arts Antwerp
External links[edit]
Media related toArtus Quellinus Iat Wikimedia Commons
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