Arundina
| Arundina | |
|---|---|
| |
| Arundina graminifoliainKerala | |
Scientific classification
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Family: | Orchidaceae |
| Subfamily: | Epidendroideae |
| Tribe: | Arethuseae |
| Subtribe: | Arethusinae |
| Genus: | Arundina Rich.[1] |
| Species: | A. graminifolia
|
| Binomial name | |
| Arundina graminifolia | |
| Synonyms[3][4] | |
| |
Arundina graminifoliais aspeciesoforchidand the sole accepted species of the genusArundina.ThistropicalAsiaticgenus extends fromMyanmar,India,Sri Lanka,Nepal,Thailand,Vietnam,theRyukyu Islands,Malaysia,Singapore,ChinatoIndonesia,thePhilippinesandNew Guinea.It has become naturalized inRéunion,Fiji,French Polynesia,Micronesia,theWest Indies,Costa Rica,Panama,Belize,andHawaii.[3][5]It is also calledbamboo orchid.[6]
Description
[edit] |
Arundina graminifoliais a terrestrial, perennial orchid with reedystems,forming into large clumps growing to a height between 70 cm and 2 m.
The plaited linearleavesare oblong lanceolate, with a length of 9 to 19 cm and a width of 0.8 to 1.5 cm. Theapexis acuminate. There are amplexicaul (clasping the stem) sheathingstipules.
This orchid blooms in summer and autumn, showing rather open clusters of showy terminalflowers,ten at the most. They bloom in succession on the terminalracemes,which are 7 to 16 cm long. These flowers, 5–8 cm in diameter, are a rosy lilac and white disc with a purplelip.The bracts are broadly triangular and surround the main stalk of the flower cluster. The occasional fertilized seed pods contain minute powdery seeds, and small plants often develop near the cane ends after flowering, which likely aid in propagation if allowed to reach the soil.
At one point in time only 200 of the plants were recorded growing naturally inSingapore,rendering the species close to extinction. This was due to the destruction of its natural habitat, namely therainforestsandmangroveforests. However, through replanting efforts byNParks,the species is now listed as a "common" cultivated plant.[7]InMalaysiaA. graminifoliais commonly calledtapahand can be found in secondary forests or at forest fringes. It is very common in road cuts and other disturbed areas in full sun inSarawak,where it is often the most common flowering plant seen along the roadsides.
It isinvasiveon the big island ofHawaiiand common there in mid-mountain areas.
Varieties
[edit]Two varieties are currently recognized (May 2014):[3]
- Arundina graminifoliavar.graminifolia
- Arundina graminifoliavar.revoluta(Hook.f.) A.L.Lamb in C.L.Chan. & al.– fromAssamandSri Lankaeast toVietnamand south toJava
References
[edit]- ^Blume, Carl (Karl) Ludwig von. 1825. Bijdragen tot de flora van Nederlandsch Indië 8: 401
- ^lectotype designated by Garay et Sweet, Orchids S. Ryukyu Islands 52. 1974
- ^abcKew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families,Arundina graminifolia
- ^Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families,Arundina graminifoliasubsp.graminifolia
- ^US Department of Agriculture Plants profile
- ^See e.g. Das, S & Duttachoudhury, Manabendra & Mazumder, Pranab. (2013). In vitro propagation of Arundina graminifolia D. Don. Hochr - A bamboo orchid. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research. 6. 156-158.
- ^"Arundina graminifolia".www.singapore.biodiversity.online.Retrieved2022-12-09.
External links
[edit]
Arundina graminifolia.
- Dave's Garden, Bamboo Orchid, Bird Orchid, Grass-Like Leaf Arundina,Arundina graminifolia
- Orchid Care TipsArundina graminifolia
- IOSPE orchid photosArundina graminifolia
- Neotropical Savannah (in Panama), Bamboo Orchid,Arundina graminifolia
- Gardino Nursery (Del Ray Beach Florida USA), Rare and Unusual Plants, bamboo orchid,Arundina graminifolia
- Arethusinae
- Monotypic Epidendroideae genera
- Arethuseae genera
- Orchids of Asia
- Orchids of Malaya
- Orchids of Indonesia
- Orchids of Malaysia
- Orchids of China
- Orchids of India
- Orchids of New Guinea
- Orchids of Thailand
- Orchids of Vietnam
- Orchids of Bangladesh
- Orchids of the Philippines
- Orchids of Singapore
- Orchids of Nepal
- Flora of the Ryukyu Islands