Asia Minor Greeks
Μικρασιάτες | |
---|---|
Regions with significant populations | |
HistoricallyAsia Minor,present dayGreece | |
Languages | |
Demotic Greek Anatolian Greek dialects other languages (diaspora) | |
Religion | |
Greek Orthodox Church | |
Related ethnic groups | |
Greeks,Pontic Greeks,Cappadocian Greeks |
TheAsia Minor Greeks(Greek:Μικρασιάτες,romanized:Mikrasiates), also known asAsiatic GreeksorAnatolian Greeks,make up the ethnic Greek populations who lived inAsia Minorfrom the 13th century BC as a result ofGreek colonization,[1]up until the forcefulpopulation exchange between Greece and Turkeyin 1923, thoughsome communitiesin Asia Minor survive to the present day.
Cappadocian Greeks
[edit]Cappadocian Greeksalso known asGreek Cappadocians(Greek:Έλληνες-Καππαδόκες, Ελληνοκαππαδόκες, Καππαδόκες;Turkish:KapadokyalıRumlar)[2]or simplyCappadociansare an ethnicGreekcommunity native to the geographical region ofCappadociain central-easternAnatolia.
Pontic Greeks
[edit]ThePontic Greeks(Greek:Πόντιοι,romanized:PóndiiorΕλληνοπόντιοι,romanized:Ellinopóndii;Turkish:Pontus RumlarıorKaradeniz Rumları,Georgian:პონტოელი ბერძნები,romanized:P’ont’oeli Berdznebi) are an ethnicallyGreek[3][4]group who traditionally lived in the region ofPontus,on the shores of theBlack Seaand in thePontic Mountainsof northeasternAnatolia.
Other Asia Minor Greeks
[edit]Historical context
[edit]- Pontic colonies(classical antiquity)
- Hellenistic Anatolia(Hellenistic and Roman era)
- Byzantine Anatolia(Middle Ages)
- Ottoman Greeks(early modern), the Republic of Turkey's predecessor
- Greeks in Turkey(modern), Greek and Greek-speaking Eastern Orthodox Christians
- Greek refugees
Notable Asia Minor Greeks
[edit]- Thales,pre-Socraticphilosopher, considered the father of philosophy and science, one of theSeven Sages of Greece
- Homer,poet, the father of Western literature, his origin is disputed, but the most widespread account was that he was fromIonia
- Hesiod,poet, the father of Greekdidactic poetry
- Herodotus,historian and geographer, the father of history
- Hecataeus of Miletus,historian and geographer, the father of geography
- Strabo,geographer and historian
- Hipparchus,astronomer, geographer, and mathematician, considered the father of astronomy and founder oftrigonometry
- Apollonius of Perga,geometer and astronomer, one of the greatest mathematicians of antiquity
- Eudoxus of Cnidus,astronomer, mathematician, doctor, and lawmaker
- Hippodamus,architect, urban planner, physician, mathematician, meteorologist, the father of Europeanurban planning
- Galen,physician and surgeon, one of the most accomplished of all medical researchers of antiquity
- Herophilos,physician, one of the earliestanatomists
- Dioscorides,physician, pharmacologist, botanist, the father ofpharmacognosy
- Aretaeus of Cappadocia,physician, wrote eight treatises ondiseases
- Soranus of Ephesus,physician, most notably his four-volume treatise ongynecology
- Bias of Priene,one of the Seven Sages of Greece
- Anaximander,pre-Socratic philosopher, first to attempt making a map of the known world
- Anaximenes,pre-Socratic philosopher
- Heraclitus,pre-Socratic philosopher
- Xenophanes,pre-Socratic philosopher, theologian and poet
- Anaxagoras,pre-Socratic philosopher and mathematician
- Leucippus,pre-Socratic philosopher, the founder ofatomism
- Nausiphanes,atomist philosopher
- Eubulides,Megarianphilosopher
- Diodorus Cronus,Megarian philosopher
- Diogenes,philosopher and one of the founders ofCynicism
- Xenocrates,Platonicphilosopher and mathematician
- Crantor,Platonic philosopher
- Strato of Lampsacus,Peripateticphilosopher, called the Physicus
- Alexander of Aphrodisias,Peripatetic philosopher
- Cleanthes,Stoicphilosopher andboxer
- Chrysippus,Stoic philosopher
- Epictetus,Stoic philosopher
- Antipater of Tarsus,Stoic philosopher
- Metrodorus of Lampsacus,Epicureanphilosopher
- Diogenes of Oenoanda,Epicurean philosopher
- Arcesilaus,philosopher, the founder ofAcademic Skepticism
- Apollonius of Tyana,Neo-Pythagoreanphilosopher, became a mythical hero during the Roman Empire
- Proclus,Neoplatonicphilosopher
- Simplicius of Cilicia,Neoplatonic philosopher
- Apelles,renownedpainter
- Scylax of Caryanda,explorer and writer
- Anacreon,lyricpoet
- Alcman,choral lyricpoet
- Aratus,didactic poet
- Mimnermus,elegiacpoet
- Callinus,elegiac poet
- Hipponax,iambicpoet
- Diphilus,one of the greatest poets ofNew Comedy
- Quintus Smyrnaeus,epicpoet
- George of Pisidia,Byzantine poet
- Chariton,novelist, wroteCallirhoe,arguably the earliest surviving Westernnovel
- Xenophon of Ephesus,novelist, wroteEphesian Tale
- Heraclides Ponticus,philosopher and astronomer, possibly the originator of theheliocentrictheory
- Philo of Byzantium,engineer, physicist and writer onmechanics
- Autolycus of Pitane,astronomer, mathematician, and geographer
- Callippus,astronomer and mathematician
- Crates of Mallus,constructed the earliest knownglobeof the Earth
- Theodosius of Bithynia,astronomer and mathematician
- Theon of Smyrna,mathematician and philosopher
- Bryson of Heraclea,mathematician
- Nicephorus Gregoras,Byzantine mathematician and astronomer
- Sostratus of Cnidus,architect and engineer, probably designed thelighthouse of Alexandria
- Pythius of Priene,architect, designed theTemple of Athena Poliasand theMausoleum at Halicarnassus
- Isidore of MiletusandAnthemius of Tralles,two main Byzantine architects and mathematicians, designed theHagia Sophia
- Sinan,chief Ottoman architect, engineer and mathematician
- Asclepiades of Bithynia,physician
- Rufus of Ephesus,physician
- Nicander,physician and poet
- Oribasius,physician
- Alexander of Tralles,one of the most eminent physicians in the Byzantine Empire
- Alexander Polyhistor,scholar
- Serenus Sammonicus,savant and tutor, owned one of the largest private libraries of antiquity
- Michael Psellos,Byzantine savant, historian and music theorist
- Cadmus of Miletus,the oldest of thelogographers
- Xanthus,historian
- Ctesias,historian
- Ephorus,historian
- Dionysius of Halicarnassus,historian and teacher ofrhetoric
- Pausanias,geographer and historian
- Arrian,historian and philosopher
- Agatharchides,historian
- Cassius Dio,historian
- Dio Chrysostom,historian and orator
- Diogenes Laertius,biographer of the Greek philosophers
- Eunapius,historian
- Philostorgius,historian
- Aelius Aristides,orator and author
- Themistius,statesman, rhetorician and philosopher
- Thrasymachus,sophist
- Alcidamas,sophist and rhetorician
- Polemon of Laodicea,sophist
- Zenodotus,grammarian, the first librarian of theLibrary of Alexandria
- Artemidorus,divinerand dream interpreter
- Michael Attaleiates,Byzantine chronicler
- Niketas Choniates,Byzantine historian
- Maximus Planudes,Byzantine grammarian and theologian
- Ulfilas,creator of theGothic alphabet
- Saint Nicholas,early Christian bishop, the prototype forSanta Claus
- Saint George,Roman soldier and early Christianmartyr
- Basil of Caesarea,Bishop and theologian
- Gregory of Nazianzus,archbishop of Constantinopleand theologian
- Aspasia,the most important woman in the history of fifth-centuryAthens
- Gordian I,Roman emperor
- Helena,Augustaof the Roman Empire and mother of EmperorConstantine the Great
- Basilina,mother of EmperorJulian the Apostate
- Maurice,Byzantine emperor
- Nikephoros II Phokas,Byzantine emperor
- Romanos III Argyros,Byzantine emperor
- Michael IV the Paphlagonian,Byzantine emperor
- Constantine X Doukas,Byzantine emperor
- Romanos IV Diogenes,Byzantine emperor
- Michael VIII Palaiologos,Byzantine emperor
References
[edit]- ^"Anatolia - Greek colonies on the Anatolian coasts, c. 1180–547 bce".Encyclopedia Britannica.Archivedfrom the original on 2015-06-19.
Before the Greek migrations that followed the end of the Bronze Age (c. 1200 BCE), probably the only Greek-speaking communities on the west coast of Anatolia were Mycenaean settlements at Iasus and Müskebi on the Halicarnassus peninsula and walled Mycenaean colonies at Miletus and Colophon.
- ^Özkan, Akdoğan (2009).Kardeş bayramlar ve özel günler.İnkılâp.ISBN978-975-10-2928-7.
Evlerin bolluk ve bereketi şu veya bu sebeple kaçmışsa, özellikle Rumların yoğun olarak yaşadığı Orta ve Kuzey Anadolu'da bunun sebebinin karakoncolos isimli iblis olduğu düşünülürmüş. Kapadokyalı Rumlar yeni yılın başında sırf...
- ^Alan John Day; Roger East; Richard Thomas (2002).A Political and Economic Dictionary of Eastern Europe.Psychology Press. p. 454.ISBN1857430638.
Pontic Greeks An ethnic Greek minority found in Georgia and originally concentrated in the breakaway republic of Abkhazia. The Pontic Greeks are ultimately descended from Greek colonists of the Caucasus region (who named the Black Sea the Pontic Sea)
- ^Totten, Samuel; Bartrop, Paul Robert; Jacobs, Steven L. (2008).Dictionary of Genocide: A-L.ABC-CLIO. p. 337.ISBN978-0313346422.
Pontic Greeks, Genocide of. The Pontic (sometimes Pontian) Greek genocide is the term applied to the massacres and deportations perpetuated against ethnic Greeks living in the Ottoman Empire at the hands of the Young Turk government between 1914 and 1923. The name of this people derives from the Greek word pontus, meaning "sea coast," and refers to the Greek population that lived on the south-eastern coast of the Black Sea, that is, in northern Turkey, for three millennia.