Atlanta hip hop
Although themusic scene of Atlantais rich and varied, the city's production of hip-hop music has been especially noteworthy, acclaimed, and commercially successful. In 2009,The New York TimescalledAtlanta"hip-hop's center of gravity",[1]and the city is home to many famouship hop,R&B,andneo soul[2]musicians.
History
[edit]
In the 1980s and early 1990s Atlanta's hip hop scene was characterized by a local variant ofMiami's electro-driven bass music,with stars likeKilo Ali,MC Shy-D,Raheem the Dream,andDJ Smurf(laterMr. Collipark).[1]MC Shy-D is credited with bringing authentic Bronx-style hip-hop to Atlanta (and Miami), such as 1988'sShake it[3]produced byDJ Toomp;Jones was signed to controversialSouthern hip hoplabelLuke Records,run byLuther Campbellaka "Uncle Luke".Arrested Developmentwon aGrammy Awardin 1992 with "Tennessee",whileKris Krosswon with their hit song "Jump".The groupTag Teamreleased their debut platinum certified albumWhoomp! (There It Is)on July 20, 1993, spawned by theirhit singleof the same name.[4]However, Organized Noize andDungeon Family"cornerstone"Rico Wade,who even produced albums for Outkast, Goodie Mob andFuture,was considered to be a major architect of Atlanta hip hop.[5][6]Numerous aspiring musicians and artists would in fact record music in the studio which was located in the basement of Wade's mother, and which became known as the "Dungeon."[5]
By the mid-1990s, the rise ofLaFace RecordsartistsOutkast,Goodie Moband the production collectiveOrganized Noizeled to the development of theDirty Southstyle of hip-hop and of Atlanta gaining a reputation for "soul-minded hip-hop eccentrics", contrasting with other regional styles.[1]While Atlanta-area hip hop artists were from the suburbanDecaturarea, their prominence was eclipsed by music associated with these artists from "The S.W.A.T.S."(" Southwest Atlanta, too strong "),[7][8]i.e.Southwest Atlanta,plus territory extending into the adjacent cities ofCollege ParkandEast Point.The term "SWATS" came into vogue around 1996, initially made popular by Outkast and Goodie Mob.[9]
From the late 1990s to early 2000s, record producerLil Jonbecame a driving force behind the hip hop subgenre known ascrunk,known for its upbeat and club oriented hip hop sound.Record producersL.A. ReidandBabyfacefoundedLaFace Recordsin Atlanta in the late-1980s; the label eventually became the home to multi-platinum selling artists such asToni Braxton,TLC,Ciara.It is also the home ofSo So Def Recordings,a label founded by Jermaine Dupri in the mid-1990s, that signed acts such asDa Brat,Jagged Edge,XscapeandDem Franchise Boyz.The success of LaFace and SoSo Def led to Atlanta as an established scene for record labels such as LaFace parent companyArista Recordsto set up satellite offices.[10]
In 2009The New York Timesnoted that after 2000, Atlanta moved "from the margins to becoming hip-hop's center of gravity, part of a larger shift in hip-hop innovation to the South." Atlanta hip-hop's pop breakthrough—everyone from Jermaine Dupri to OutKast to Lil Jon—involved the blend of various distillations of hard-core sounds from the West, bass beats from Florida, and styles and images from the North.[11]ProducerDrumma Boycalled Atlanta "the melting pot of the South". Producer Fatboi called theRoland TR-808( "808" ) synthesizer "central" to Atlanta music's versatility, used forsnap,crunk,trap,and pop rap styles.[1]The same article named Fatboi,Shawty Redd,andZaytoventhe four "hottest producers driving the city".[1]
Atlanta hip-hop has influenced other mainstream forms of media. The television showAtlanta,which chronicles the lives of two cousins as they navigate the hip-hop world, exemplifies this broader impact. It has earned two Golden Globe awards and two Emmy awards. A number of Atlanta-based artists, includingKiller MikeandJermaine Dupri,have also become involved in local and national political movements.[12]
Top-selling artists
[edit]Local multi-platinum artists includeLudacris,[13]Ciara,[14]B.o.B,[15]Outkast,[16][17]T.I.,[18]andYoung Jeezy.[19]The following hip-hop, rap, R&B, and soul artists have had #1 or #2 albums or singles on the U.S. Hot 100 chart:
See also
[edit]
- Crunk music
- List of hip hop musicians from Atlanta
- Snap music
- Southern hip hop
- Trap music
- Memphis rap
References
[edit]- ^abcdeCaramanica, Jon (December 11, 2009)."Gucci Mane, No Holds Barred".The New York Times.ISSN0362-4331.RetrievedJuly 20,2023.
- ^NPR: "Atlanta soul scene reborn"
- ^Mickey Hess,Hip Hop in America: A Regional Guide: Volume 1: East Coast and West Coast
- ^Billboard – Google Books.September 4, 1995.RetrievedMarch 29,2011.
- ^abAbrams, Jonathan (April 14, 2024)."Rico Wade, an Architect of Atlanta Hip-Hop, Dies at 52".New York Times.RetrievedApril 15,2024.
- ^"Atlanta rap legend, Dungeon Family member Rico Wade dies at 52".WSB-TV. April 15, 2024.RetrievedApril 15,2024.
- ^"Revolution Rock: Atlanta's Goodie Mob fight for truth, justice, but not necessarily the American Way",Vibe,June-July 1998
- ^S.W.A.T.S. Web television series YouTube channel
- ^Mickey Hess,Hip Hop in America: East Coast and West Coast
- ^Hinson, Glenn; Ferris, William (January 2010).The New Encyclopedia of Southern Culture: Volume 14: Folklife.Univ of North Carolina Press.ISBN978-0-8078-9855-0.
- ^Sarig, Roni (2007).Third Coast: Outkast, Timbaland, & How Hip-Hop Became a Southern Thing.Cambridge, Massachusetts: Da Capo press.ISBN978-0-306-81430-3.
- ^"How Atlanta rappers helped flip the White House (And they're hustling to flip the US Senate)".CNN.December 29, 2020.
- ^Birchmeier, Jason."Ludacris Biography by Jason Birchmeier".AllMusic.RetrievedNovember 30,2022.
- ^Thomas, Fred."Ciara Biography by Fred Thomas".AllMusic.RetrievedNovember 30,2022.
- ^Cordor, Cyril."B.o.B Biography by Cyril Cordor".AllMusic.RetrievedNovember 30,2022.
- ^Guzman, Isaac (October 22, 2000)."Melody Makers of Hip-Hop".Los Angeles Times.RetrievedNovember 30,2022.
- ^Bush, John."OutKast Biography by John Bush".AllMusic.RetrievedNovember 30,2022.
- ^Kellman, Andy."T.I. Biography by Andy Kellman".AllMusic.RetrievedNovember 30,2022.
- ^Kellman, Andy."Jeezy Biography by Andy Kellman".AllMusic.RetrievedNovember 30,2022.
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