Jump to content

BYD e6

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
BYD e6
Overview
ManufacturerBYD Auto
Production2009–present
Body and chassis
ClassCompact MPV
Body style5-doorMPV

TheBYD e6is a battery electric vehicle manufactured byBYD Autofrom 2009. Field testing for the first generation model began inChinain May 2010 with 40 units operating as taxis in the city ofShenzhen.[1]Sales to the general public began in Shenzhen in October 2011, over two years behind schedule of the originally planned release date of 2009.[2][3]

A number of e6 units were operating in fleet service as taxis in China, Colombia, Belgium, the U.S. (New York and Chicago), the Netherlands, the UK, and Indonesia.[4]Australiawill be introducing the e6 taxi fleet in 2020. Since 2010 sales in China totaled 34,862 units through December 2016.[5][6]The BYD e6 ranked as the best-selling pure electric car in China in 2016[6]and won a golden medal for “Best Quality Product” at the Havana International Fair 2015.[7]

First generation (2009)

[edit]
First generation
Overview
Production2009–2021
Body and chassis
LayoutFront-motor, front-wheel-drive
Dual-motor, all-wheel-drive
PlatformBYD e platform 1.0
Powertrain
Electric motorOne or twopermanent magnetsynchronous motors
Battery
Range
  • 61 kWh:
  • 300 km (186 mi)[9]
  • 80 kWh:
  • 400 km (249 mi)[10]manufacturer's claim
  • 370 km (230 mi)[8]tested
Dimensions
Wheelbase2,830 mm (111.4 in)
Length4,560 mm (179.5 in)
Width1,822 mm (71.7 in)
Height1,630 mm (64.2 in)
Curb weight2,020 kg (4,453 lb)

The first-generation BYD e6 was introduced in 2009. It has arangeof 300 km (186 mi) according to the carmaker.[10][11]Its exterior design resembles thethird generation Honda Odyssey (RB1/2),with the rear end shortened and a redesigned front fascia.[12]

BYD planned to sell the e6 model in theUSforUS$35,000before anygovernment incentives.[13]However, after rescheduling the US launch several times, in October 2011 BYD announced that sales to retail customers would be delayed at least 18 months due to the lack ofcharging infrastructure.[14]In May 2013, BYD announced that the e6 would not be sold to any retail customer and would sell only to fleet customers forUS$52,000,[15]as the company planned to focus onelectric bussales in North America.[16][needs update]

Specifications include a range of up to 400 km (with an 82-kWh battery), a guaranteed cycle life of 4000 charge cycles[17]and fast battery charging, to 80 percent capacity, in 15 minutes.[18]The cars are often used in vehicle fleets with large range requirements like taxis, police cars or car rentals.[citation needed]

Specifications

[edit]
BYD e6 frontal view
BYD e6 rear view

Initial specs

[edit]

BYD's initial claims for the e6 in 2009 included:[19]

  • Electric power consumption: less than 18 kWh per 100 km (62 mi)
  • Acceleration: 0-60 mph (97 km/h) in < 8 seconds
  • Top speed: 100 mph (160 km/h)
  • Normal charge: 220V/10A household electric power socket
  • Quick charge (using Three-phase AC):[20]
  • Range: 186 miles (300 km)[9]
  • BYD provides a 10-year warranty for the Fe battery[9]

This range and consumption implies a 72kWhbattery pack,which would have been the largest in any production electric car in 2009.

Revised spec

[edit]
Early versions (60-70 kWh)
[edit]

BYD mentioned a smaller 48 kWh battery pack for the e6[21]at its debut at the 2009North American International Auto Show(no such versions were ever sold, and the vehicles rolled out in Shenzhen, China in 2010 all used batteries with at least 60 kWh capacity[22]). However, at the 2010 NAIAS, BYD indicated a range of 205 mi (330 km) per charge, an estimated 0-60 mph acceleration time under 14 seconds, and a top speed of 87 mph (140 km/h) for the e6.[23]

Range has since dropped and consumption increased. According toBYD,the 40 demonstration vehicles that began operating as taxis inShenzhen,China,have a range of 300 km (186 mi), a maximum speed of 140 km/h (87 mph), and consume 21.5kWhper 100 km.[1][22]In August 2011, BYD clarified that the e6 has a range of 230 to 240 kilometres (140 to 150 mi) under more demanding conditions, such as running the air conditioning or driving up hill. In more favorable conditions, such as city driving, with much stop and go, the range increases to 290 to 320 kilometres (180 to 200 mi). This claim, however, has not been verified by any independent third party testing.[24]

In January 2011 BYD announced that in response to US consumers preferences, the American version will be more powerful than the Chinese version, and it will have a 60kWhbattery pack with a 160kWelectric motor, capable of reaching0 to 60 mphin less than 8 seconds.[13]

Plans to sell the vehicle to the general public in the US were shelved, and as of February 2016, under 100 vehicles were imported into the US to be used by fleets.[25]China remained the main market for the car.

Later versions (82 kWh)
[edit]
BYD e6 with an 80-kWh battery in Laval, Canada

As of 2016, the vehicle is sold with an 82-kWh battery.[26]This is larger than 81-kWh battery which powered the initial long-range version of the Tesla Model S.[27]However, Tesla has made even bigger battery packs available since 2015.

The manufacturer claims the range of 400 km (249 mi).[10]Singaporean reviewers estimated the actual range at 370 km (230 mi).[8]

In Germany, an energy storage company named Fenecon tries to revive the interest in the car, acting as a distributor and also making the car available to European automotive journalists for testing.[28][29]Nevertheless, so far Asia remains the main market for the BYD e6.

Batteries and powertrain

[edit]

BYD's "Fe"lithium iron phosphate battery,which powers the e6, represents one of the company's core technologies. All chemical substances used in the battery can be recycled. There are four different power combinations for the e6: 101 hp (75 kW), 101+54 hp (75+40 kW), 215 hp (160 kW) and 215+54 hp (160+40 kW).[30] Most of (or at least part of) the e6 battery pack is located on the belly pan of the vehicle.[31] The two-motor options use front and rear motors, making the carall-wheel drive. According to the manufacturer thelithium iron phosphate batteryof the car is charged at a fast charging station within 15 minutes to 80%, after 40 minutes at 100%.[32]

Safety

[edit]
Crash and fire
See also:Plug-in electric vehicle fire incidents

After a drunk driver crashed a high-speedNissan GT-Rinto a BYD e6 taxi at 180 km/h[112 mph] inShenzhenon May 26, 2012, the electric car caught fire after hitting a tree and all three occupants died in the accident.[33]The Chinese investigative team concluded that the cause of the fire was "electric arcs caused by the short-circuiting of high voltage lines of the high voltage distribution box ignited combustible material in the vehicle including the interior materials and part of the power batteries."The team also found that the collisions were the cause of death of the occupants, not the fire. They also noted that the battery pack did not explode, and 75% of the single cell batteries did not catch on fire, and no flaws in the safety design of the vehicle were identified.[34]

Costs

[edit]

BYD calculates on its website that a BYD e6 (taxi) achieved with a maturity of 5 years alone in energy costs,[clarification needed]so power consumption instead of petrol consumption, a saving of about $74,000.[35]

Interior

[edit]
Interior.

The e6 features the latest body/frame-integral construction, with the battery pack protected in a compartment that is fully integrated into the vehicle. The battery pack's outer dimensions are: 175 cm (69 in) long, 95 cm (37 in) wide and 30 cm (12 in) in height.

The 5-passenger e6 is marketed as a family-oriented crossover vehicle.

Policies

[edit]

On November 4, 2012,BYDreleased its new gimmick for promoting the sales of its pure-electric vehicle e6 andelectric busat a Beijing-based press conference, which is called "Zero vehicle purchase price, Zero costs, Zero emissions" and supported financially byChina Development Bank,[36][37]over 30 Billion RMB now being ready for this financial program.[37]According to the scheme targeting specifically thepublic transitoperators/companies, customers can choose one of three provided optional operating models which could be most suitable to themselves. The three operating models as the following table reads.[38][39]

Model Financing Body Lease Period Ownership
Financial Lease Finance Company A completeelectric vehicleoperational life cycle (e.g. 5 years) During the lease period, the financial organization owns theelectric vehicle.The taxi company pays the lease ininstallments.After the lease period ends, the taxi company owns the vehicle.
Operational Lease Third party vehicle lease company A completeelectric vehicleoperational life cycle (e.g. 5 years) or a shorter period (e.g. 1 year) During this lease period and after it ends, the vehicle lease company owns the vehicle. The taxi company and the vehicle lease company sign an operational lease contract for the lease.
Buyer's Credit The Taxi Company The taxi company has ownership of the vehicle. The taxi company pays monthlyinstallmentsto the financial institution.

The policy initiate explained the concept of "ZERO COST" by comparing the five-year fees between a fuel taxi and its all-electric cab in Shenzhen city and after a sequence of calculations, it came to the conclusion that "if the hire car runs for 5 years, and the total saving over 5 years is deducted from the higher cost of the vehicle and the interest on multiple payments, it can save 326,400 RMB.[37][38][39]Besides, the company said if enough mileages are done, "the vehicle payment will be entirely offset".[37]BYDalso emphasized the "ZERO EMISSION" feature of itsrenewable-energyvehicles by stating that "an e6 electric taxi saves 14,120 litres of fuel per year, with 32 tonnes fewer CO2 emissions", and "169 million litres of fuel could be saved with CO2 emissions reduced by 38.62 million tonnes per year" if all Chinese taxis would be replaced with itsEVs.[38][39]

Currently, this policy is only eligible for Chinese market.[37]

Markets

[edit]

Belgium

[edit]

The Brussels local government selected BYD to provide electric taxis. In 2014, 35 BYD e6 taxis started their service in Brussels.[40]

Canada

[edit]

In Quebec, 80-kWh BYDs are used as taxis. An electric taxi importer company started rolling out these vehicles in 2019, when the first 25 vehicles arrived; the vehicles are offered to taxi drivers on a lease-purchase basis. The company stated they hope to put as many as 2,000 of them on the road within two years.[41]

China

[edit]
BYD e6taxiinShenzhen, China.
BYD e6 electricpolice carinShenzhen, China.

In March 2010, theSouth China Morning Postreported that BYD had postponed plans to mass-produce purely electric cars in China in 2010, to instead only produce 100 e6 cars for use as taxis inShenzhenfor field testing in 2010 in favor of marketing the less-expensiveF3DMplug-in hybridfor theChinesemarket.[11][42]

The field testing program inShenzhenbegan in May 2010 with 40 e6 electric cars running as taxis operated by BYD's subsidiary Pengcheng Electric Taxi Co.,[22]out of a fleet of 100 planned to be deployed later in 2010.[22][42]This expansion did not take place, as 50 cars ended up being used. BYD released an upbeat announcement about the success of the testing program in conjunction with investorWarren Buffett's September visit, but did not release any information about range, acceleration or speed achieved by the test cars.[43]

In April 2011, one year after thetaxitrial began, BYD reported that its e6 taxi fleet in Shenzhen had accumulated a total of around 1,730,000 miles (2,780,000 km). The electric taxis are continuously quick charged in 20 to 30 minutes without showing any diminished range or drop in battery performance due to rapid-charging conditions, which according to BYD, "provides a proven track record for its Iron-Phosphate battery technology."BYD also announced that 250 e6s are being delivered to the International University in Shenzhen before August 2011.[44]In June 2011 BYD announced that the fleet of e6 taxicabs had surpassed 1,864,114 miles (3,000,001 km)[45]

In October 2011, BYD commenced sales of the e6 to the general public ofShenzhenat a price of 369,800RMBbeforegovernment subsidies,or 249,800RMBafter subsidies. Production e6s are equipped with BYD'sisystem, which enables owners to control parts of the car (e.g. the air conditioning and door locks) remotely from a smartphone.[3]At the beginning of 2013, BYD won a big order for providing 500 battery-electric, e6 police vehicles to the Shenzhen Municipal Public Security Bureau, adding to the existing 300 BYD e6 Taxis with 18.6 million total miles in this city.[46][47]

Only 33 units were sold in 2010,[48]401 during 2011, 1,690 in 2012, and 1,544 during 2013.[49][50]Sales increased significantly in 2014 to 3,560 units, 7,029 in 2015,[51][52]and climbed to 20,605 units were delivered in 2016, making the e6 the top selling all-electric plug-in passenger car in China in 2016.[6]Cumulative sales in China totaled 34,862 units through December 2016.[5][6]

Hong Kong

[edit]
BYD e6 taxi inHong Kong.

45 units ofBYDe6 are scheduled forHong Kongas e-taxis in May, 2012 according to Mr.Wang Chuanfu,Chairman and President ofBYDCo. Ltd. when he addressed at a press conference forBYD's "Electrified Transportation Solution" aiming at a dramatical automobile emission-reduction of 56% for this city. The amount ofBYDe6 taxis inHong Kongmay hit up to 1,000 next year and then enormously increase to 3,000 units by 2015. The first batch of charging poles for these 45BYDe-cabs are under construction at present and the second batch of charging stations is expected to be in place before this May, ensuring that each e-taxi will get access to one charging appliance.[53][54][55][56]

The two-year trial run of the e-taxis project was halted by the Hong Kong Government, as the three trial operators have switched to register the vehicles as private cars due to poor performance.[57]The project was branded as a failure by BYD.[58]

BYD partnered with Carshare.hk and other car rental stores to offer rental of refurbished e6. With carshare.hk e6 adapt a rent-to-own model where for around 4500 HKD / months for 3 years, renter will have complete ownership of the vehicle.

In 2018, BYD started to scale back and eventually stopped their free charging services. Chargers at various carparks are still installed, but no longer function.[59]

Colombia

[edit]

The first South Americanall-electrictaxi fleet made up ofBYDe6 was launched at the beginning of 2013 inBogotá,the capital city ofColombiaafter receiving operation approval by theColombia Ministry of Transportationwithout any bothering license plate restrictions, in an effort to improve the local air quality and set an example to other cities in this green-energy chasing country.[60][61][62]In September 2013 a total of 45 e6 taxis of this pilot program were delivered. The e6 fleet are part of Colombia's "BIOTAXIS Project."[63]This e-taxi fleet has also operated in the charge of Praco Didacol, the distributor ofBYD AutoinColombia.[citation needed]Another three BYD e6s were sent to Colciencias, Bogota's Tech, Science and Innovation Administration.[62]

Costa Rica

[edit]

In January 2013 the local representative of BYD Auto signed an agreement with the Costa RicanMinistry of Environment and Energyto deploy 200 BYD e6 electric cars for use as "green taxis." The electric cars will be exempt from import duties and the government has agreed to deploy charging stations in strategic locations inSan José, Costa Rica.[64]Since May 2013 the e6 is available for sale for taxi use only.[65]

Indonesia

[edit]

BYD andBlue Bird Group,the largest taxi company in Indonesia, entered an agreement to deliver a 25-unit fleet of BYD e6s for use on Blue Bird's new electric cab operations in Jakarta named thee-Taxi.The e6s were delivered in early 2019, along with 5 units ofTesla Model X75Ds, with operations being started in April 2019. The e6 would serve as a regular Blue Bird taxicab, whereas the Model X would serve under Blue Bird's black executive cab operations,Silver Bird.So far, both the BYD e6 and Tesla Model X electric taxis can only be hailed at theSoekarno–Hatta International Airportdue to the limited number of charging stations in the city. Blue Bird stated that they would expand its e6 fleet up to 200 units within the next couple of years. The BYD e6 is currently not available for sale to the public.[66]

Netherlands

[edit]

In June 2011 BYD and the city ofRotterdamentered a binding agreement for an undisclosed number of e6s to be delivered for use as taxicabs. The deal is part of a larger scheme named75-EV-RO,where the city has pledged to purchase 75alternative energy vehicles.[45]In December 2013 the Rotterdam Taxi Centre, one of the biggest taxi operators in the Netherlands, put two e6 taxis into service a successful trial period. The company plans to expand its e6 fleet to 25 within the next 19 months.[67]

New Zealand

[edit]

No fleet import of the E6 have occurred, these vehicles were imported privately and sold via a local auction house from Singapore once the taxi cab fleet there was wound down. Many vehicles have been resprayed and serviced before leaving Singapore. Each vehicle is road tested locally and battery ranges and conditions are noted.

Singapore

[edit]

In 2022, ComfortDelGro Taxi added 100 BYD e6 to its fleet of taxi. [68]

Taiwan

[edit]

BYD Taiwan, a joint venture of BYD Hong Kong and Taiwan Solar Energy Co., said it has received orders from a local taxi association for more than 1,500 e6 cars, with delivery scheduled to begin in the first quarter of 2014. The company said it has commissioned a local automaker to assemble the first BYD e6 vehicles to be sold in Taiwan to speed up regulatory inspections and approvals.[69]

United Kingdom

[edit]
BYD e6 inEuston Road,London

BYD signed an agreement with Green Tomato Cars, the second largest quality minicab service inLondon,to deliver a 50-unit fleet of BYD e6 to the city. The delivery was scheduled to take place in the second quarter of 2013.[70][71]In February 2014 Green Tomato Cars announced that the deal with BYD was canceled.[72]However, 20 units were delivered in February 2014 to run as minicabs in London by a new firm called Thriev.[72][73]

United States

[edit]

In 2009 BYD indicated the e6 would be available in the United States in 2010 at a price just overUS$40,000,[74]and planned a rollout beginning inSouthern Californiafollowed by several American cities.[75]In October 2010 BYD announced that it was delaying its plans and US sales were rescheduled to 2011.[76]In December 2010 the carmaker announced plans to ship as many as 50 BYD e6 electric cars by the end of 2011 to fleet customers inSouthern California,including the municipal government of Los Angeles.[77]BYD plans to sell the e6 model in the US forUS$35,000before anygovernment incentives.[13]One of the biggest obstacles will be passing US crash testing, something which BYD plans to complete in 2011.[13]As of August 2011, sales were scheduled to begin in the second quarter of 2012.[24]However, in October 2011 BYD opened its headquarters in Los Angeles, a year behind schedule, and announced that retail sales will be delayed at least for 18 months due to the lack ofcharging infrastructure.[14]

Some commentators have noted that BYD has yet to bring a single all-electric car to the American consumer market and has repeatedly missed launch deadlines, giving rise to speculation about BYD's labor-intensive process of cell production's capability of achieving the uniformity of quality required for electric car batteries.[78]

In 2010 theCity of Los Angelesagreed to purchase 10 e6 electric cars and lease a further 20. City officials also intend to start a pilot program running five ofBYD'sK9electric buses.[79]

As of 19 February 2013, there were 11 units ofBYDe6 reachingUSfrom China and then heading toBYDNorth America headquarters located inLos Angeles.However the purpose of this fleet has not been officially proclaimed.[80]In May 2013, BYD announced that the e6 will be sold in the US only to fleet consumers, and instead of making the car available to the general public, the company will focus onelectric bussales in North America.[16]

BYD e6 in Chicago, Illinois

By March 2015 there were about 25 BYD e6s being used byUberdrivers in Chicago as part of a test program. BYD's dealer in the city offered several options to drivers interested in the e6, including a traditional lease or a lease-to-own program. The most popular program allows an Uber driver to lease an e6 forUS$200a week and use it for a driving shift, and thereafter the car is returned to a dealer lot, where it is charged until it is used again.[81]According to BYD America Vice President, as of February 2016,about 80 units have been imported to the U.S., with about 50 of those brought to New York forvehicle for hirecompanies.[25]

Uruguay

[edit]

As of January 2018 there was at least 25 BYD e6 taxi in operation in Montevideo, Uruguay. UTE has installed 11 charging stations in Montevideo and announced plans to install 4 more in 2019.[82]

Thailand

[edit]

The BYD e6 was launched in the Thai market in September 2018 (along with the K9 electric bus).

50 units were delivered in 2018 to EV Society Co, operating a taxi fleet atBangkok-Suvarnabhumi Airport.In early 2019, 50 more bookings were received from the same company for their operations atBangkok-Don Mueang Airport.[83]

Second generation (2021)

[edit]
Second generation
Overview
Production2021–present
Body and chassis
RelatedBYD Song Max / M6
Powertrain
Electric motorAC permanent magnet synchronous
Power output70 kW (95 PS; 94 hp)
TransmissionFixed-ratio
Battery71.7kWhLiFePO4battery pack
Range415 km (258 mi) (WLTP combined),
520 km (323 mi) (WLTP City)[84]
Dimensions
Wheelbase2,800 mm (110.2 in)
Length4,695 mm (184.8 in)
Width1,810 mm (71.3 in)
Height1,670 mm (65.7 in)
Curb weight1,930 kg (4,255 lb)
Rear view

The second generation BYD e6 is heavily based on theBYD Song Max,while featuring a redesigned front fascia with the Dragon Face design language resulting in an increased length and height compared to the Song Max. Performance wise, the second generation e6 uses BYD's Blade Batteries and is powered by a 70 kW (95 PS; 94 hp) electric motor. It is a 5-seater model with generous boot space for luggage.

This model is available in two trims: theGLtrim only supports DC charging via CCS2 and no AC charging, theGLXtrim supports the same DC charging and also 1-phase charging (6.6 kW). 3-phase AC fast charging at up to 40 kW is unique amongst new EVs. It was taken over from the first generation e6 and is an important feature for those taxi services that had invested in 3-phaseACfast charging (40 kW, 60A) infrastructure before.

BYD e6 is was made available in right-hand drive markets Singapore, Australia, Hong Kong, Thailand, Nepal and India.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ab"BYD E6 Taxis Hit Roads in South China City".Electric Vehicle News. 2010-05-18.Retrieved2010-05-23.
  2. ^"Keep Dangling the Carrot: BYD Postpones General Release of the All-Electric e6 Yet Again".ChinaAutoWeb. 2010-09-03.
  3. ^ab"First Pure-Electric Vehicle now available for Consumers in China".BYD Energy.27 October 2011. Archived fromthe originalon 1 November 2011.Retrieved29 October2011.
  4. ^Tian Ying and Chua Kong Ho (2014-01-14)."Buffett-Backed BYD Says Chinese Cars to Debut in U.S."Bloomberg News.Retrieved2014-05-24.
  5. ^abCobb, Jeff (2016-11-07)."China's BYD Becomes World's Third-Largest Plug-in Car Maker".HybridCars.com.Retrieved2016-11-11.
  6. ^abcdStaff (2017-01-19)."Best-selling China-made EVs in 2016".China Auto Web.Retrieved2017-01-25.Three BYD Auto models topped the Chinese ranking of best-selling new energy passenger cars in 2016. The BYD Tang SUV was the top selling plug-in electric car in China in 2016 with 31,405 units sold, followed by the BYD Qin with 21,868 units sold, and ranking third overall in 2016 was the BYD e6 with 20,605 units.
  7. ^Automotive World (November 13, 2015)."BYD e6 Gets Golden Medal for" Best Quality Product "in Havana International Fair 2015".Automotive World.
  8. ^abc"Car Review - BYD e6 Electric 80 KWH (A)".
  9. ^abcbyd-auto.netArchived2016-02-06 at theWayback MachineWebsite of BYD
  10. ^abc"Archived copy"(PDF).Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 2019-12-31.Retrieved2020-05-20.{{cite web}}:CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  11. ^abTian, Ying; James, Stanley (2010-03-16)."BYD Scales Back Its Electric-Car Plans, Morning Post Reports".Bloomberg.com.Retrieved2010-03-19.
  12. ^"Beijing 2008: BYD e6 electric MPV, possible production EV in two years".Autoblog.Retrieved2021-06-23.
  13. ^abcdBrad Berman (2011-01-09)."BYD Announces Breakthrough US Pricing for Chinese Long-Range Electric Cars".PluginCars.com.Retrieved2011-01-11.
  14. ^abAlan Ohnsman and Christopher Palmeri (2011-10-24)."Buffett-Backed Carmaker Arrives in L.A. Late With Fewer Jobs".Bloomberg Markets.Retrieved2011-10-29.
  15. ^Woody, Todd (29 October 2013)."From China to Los Angeles, Taking the Electric Bus".The New York Times.Retrieved1 November2013.
  16. ^abAntony Ingram (2013-04-08)."BYD e6 Chinese Electric Car Won't Be Sold To Consumers In US".Green Car Reports.Retrieved2013-05-11.
  17. ^sonnewindwaerme.deElektroautos von BYD: FENECON startet Verkauf des e6; retrieved, 17 February 2016.
  18. ^byd-auto.netArchived2016-02-06 at theWayback MachineWebseite von BYD: 40(min) / 15(min 80%)
  19. ^"Showroom/e6".BYD Auto.23 August 2009. Archived fromthe originalon 2009-09-03.Retrieved24 August2009.
  20. ^"Charging Solution (The battery that powers BYD cars, buses, and forklift trucks)".BYD Auto.Retrieved2018-02-08.
  21. ^Paul Evans (2009-01-14)."BYD target US launch for electric cars in 2011".Gizmag.Retrieved2009-08-24.
  22. ^abcd"40 BYD e6-Based Electric Taxis Enter Service in Shenzhen City".Green Car Congress. 2010-05-18.Archivedfrom the original on 23 May 2010.Retrieved2010-05-23.
  23. ^Ben Coxworth (2010-01-13)."BYD e6 EV goes 205 miles between charges, coming to the US in 2010".Gizmag.Retrieved2010-03-19.
  24. ^abAlysha Webb (2011-08-04)."BYD Says It's On Track to Deliver Electric Car In Q2 2012".PluginCars.com.Retrieved2011-08-06.
  25. ^abKing, Danny (2016-02-27)."BYD plug in sales grow globally, but US future remains cloudy".Autoblog.com.Retrieved2016-02-27.
  26. ^BYD Singapore."BYD E6 Singapore Brochure"(PDF).
  27. ^"Tear down of 85 KWH Tesla battery pack shows it could actually only be a 81 KWH pack [Updated]".3 February 2016.
  28. ^"Electric cars: BYD E6 with range of up to 400 kilometers - 80 KWH battery - pv Europe".24 March 2017.
  29. ^"BYD e6 80kWh - Eure Fragen BEANTWORTET! 🚖".YouTube.
  30. ^"BYD Shows Production F3DM PHEV and F6DM in Detroit; Introduces Battery-Electric e6 Crossover".Green Car Congress. 13 January 2009.Retrieved24 August2009.
  31. ^"Static Evaluation BYD e6 Electric Car".Xincar. 22 July 2011. Archived fromthe originalon 8 March 2012.Retrieved2011-09-13.
  32. ^byd-auto.netArchived2016-02-06 at theWayback MachineWebsite of BYD: 40(min) / 15(min 80%)
  33. ^China Autoweb (2012-05-28)."Initial details on fiery crash involving BYD e6 that killed 3".Green Car Congress.Retrieved2012-08-13.
  34. ^"Investigation concludes fire in BYD e6 collision caused by electric arcs from short circuit igniting interior materials and part of power battery".Green Car Congress. 2012-08-10.Retrieved2012-08-13.
  35. ^byd-auto.netArchived2016-03-19 at theWayback MachineHighlights of BYD e-taxi in Public Transportation: Energy saving& Low cost; retrieved, 17 February 2016.
  36. ^"BYD to sell electric cars with zero down payment".ChinaDaily.com. 2012-11-05.Retrieved2012-11-13.
  37. ^abcde"From Free Phones to Free Taxis, BYD and China Development Bank Offer Break-Through Financing on Electrified Public Transportation".Businesswire.com. 2012-11-08.Retrieved2012-11-13.
  38. ^abc"BYD To Offer Electric Vehicles With Zero Down Payment".electriccarsreport.com. 2012-11-08.Retrieved2012-11-13.
  39. ^abc"BYD launches" Zero vehicle purchase price, Zero costs, Zero emissions "city electric public transport solution".bydcompany.wordpress.com. 2012-11-06.Retrieved2012-11-13.
  40. ^Le taxi électrique BYD fait son arrivée à Bruxelles
  41. ^"Electric taxis return to Montreal streets".5 December 2019.
  42. ^ab"China's BYD seems to be Losing Momentum on Electric Cars".TreeHugger. 2010-03-18.Archivedfrom the original on 22 March 2010.Retrieved2010-04-04.
  43. ^"BYD e6 Achieves Fleet Distance Milestone – Over 600,000 Kilometers Logged".BYD Auto Press. 2010-09-27. Archived fromthe originalon 2011-02-21.Retrieved2011-01-19.
  44. ^"BYD reports plug-in fleet test results; rapid charging not diminishing capacity".Green Car Congress. 2011-04-29.Retrieved2011-05-08.
  45. ^abLoveday, Eric."Europe's first BYD e6 shows up in the Netherlands".Autoblog Green.Retrieved2011-06-03.
  46. ^Milikin, Mike."BYD delivers 500 battery-electric e6 police cars to Shenzhen Public Security Bureau".Green Car Congress.Retrieved2013-01-14.
  47. ^"BYD Reports 500 More EVs for Shenzhen". fleetsandfuels.com.{{cite web}}:Missing or empty|url=(help)
  48. ^"BYD Delivered Only 33 Units of e6, 417 F3DM in 2010".ChinaAutoWeb. 2011-02-23. Archived fromthe originalon 2014-09-25.
  49. ^Mat Gasnier (2013-01-14)."China Full Year 2012: Ford Focus triumphs".Best Selling Car Blog.Retrieved2013-01-22.
  50. ^Mat Gasnier (2014-01-14)."China December 2013: Focus on the all-new models".Best Selling Cars Blog.Retrieved2014-01-16.
  51. ^Staff (2015-01-14)."2014 EV Sales Ranking".China Auto Web.Retrieved2015-01-15.During 2014 BYD e6 sales totaled 3,560 units in China..
  52. ^"Sales Ranking of China-made Pure-electric Cars in 2015".China Auto Web.2016-01-14. Archived fromthe originalon 2016-01-27.Retrieved2016-01-18.A total of 7,029 BYD e6s were sold in China in 2015.
  53. ^"56% Reduction Anticipated In Hong Kong Vehicle Emissions Through Electrified Public Transportation".HKM Holding Ltd. 2013-04-02. Archived fromthe originalon 2016-03-04.Retrieved2013-04-22.
  54. ^"Asia Briefing: Hong Kong cabbies go electric in effort to cut emissions".Irishtimes. 2013-03-25.Retrieved2013-04-22.
  55. ^"BYD charges ahead with Hong Kong e-taxi plans".SCMP-South China Morning Post. 2013-03-22.Retrieved2013-04-22.
  56. ^"45 BYD e6 Heading For Hong Kong Taxi Fleet".HYBRIDCars. 2013-03-22.Retrieved2013-04-22.
  57. ^"Long charging times put brakes on Hong Kong's electric taxis".South China Morning Post.Retrieved2018-02-25.
  58. ^"Electric taxi project in Hong Kong goes belly up: China's BYD brands 2-year campaign a 'failure'".South China Morning Post.Retrieved2018-02-25.
  59. ^"Bỉ á địch hương cảng sung điện trạm phục vụ toàn đình lâm trác đình: BYD vô lý hội xa chủ thật tế nhu yếu bỉ á địch hương cảng sung điện trạm phục vụ toàn đình. Lâm trác đình: BYD vô lý hội xa chủ thật tế nhu yếu".ezone.Retrieved10 January2021.
  60. ^"BYD Supplying 46 EV Taxis To Bogota, Colombia".CleanTechnica. 2012-12-14.Retrieved2013-04-22.
  61. ^"Bogotá Launches All-electric Taxi Fleet Using Long-Range BYD e6 Cross-over Sedan".YAHOO FINANCE. 2012-12-11.Retrieved2013-04-22.
  62. ^ab"Bogota Taxi Fleet to Get 46 BYD E6 EVs in 2013".autoevolution. 14 December 2012.Retrieved2013-04-22.
  63. ^Kane, Mark (2013-09-13)."Thanks to BYD e6, Colombia Now Has the Largest Electric Taxi Fleet in South America".InsideEVs.com.Retrieved2014-05-24.
  64. ^Garcia, Daniela (21 January 2013)."MINAE anuncia convenio para insertar taxis" verdes "en el país"[Ministry of Environment and Energy announces agreement to introduce "green" taxis] (in Spanish). Costa Rica Hoy. Archived fromthe originalon 16 December 2013.Retrieved11 May2013.
  65. ^Cori Motors."BYD ECO - Ficha técnica"[BYD ECO - Technical Specs Sheet](PDF)(in Spanish). BYD Auto Costa Rica.Retrieved2013-05-11.
  66. ^Franedya, Roy."Gunakan Tesla dan BYD, ini Harga Mobil Listrik Blue Bird".CNBC Indonesia.Retrieved2019-04-22.
  67. ^"Rotterdam chooses BYD e6 for its new electric taxi fleet".BYD Auto. Archived fromthe originalon 2013-12-14.Retrieved2013-12-14.
  68. ^"Electrification is the next big thing in the taxi industry".ComfortDelGro.Retrieved2024-03-01.
  69. ^Tien Yu-pin and Sofia Wu (2013-10-09)."Electric car from China's BYD to debut in Taiwan early next year".Focus Taiwan.Retrieved2013-10-20.
  70. ^"greentomatocars and BYD to debut 50 pure electric vehicles in 2013".Green Tomato Cars.Greentomatocars. Archived fromthe originalon 2014-01-13.Retrieved2014-05-24.
  71. ^Ingram, Antony (2012-10-24)."BYD e6 Electric Crossover Will Be London Taxi, Still MIA In US".Green Car Reports.Retrieved2014-05-24.
  72. ^abNick Gibbs (2014-02-17)."Britain's largest electric taxi deal collapses".The Telegraph.Retrieved2014-05-24.
  73. ^Henry Foy (2014-02-10)."Buffett-backed BYD behind first all-electric London cab fleet".The Financial Times.Retrieved2014-05-24.
  74. ^Korzeniewski, Jeremy (2009-08-23)."REPORT: BYD pushes American EV launch ahead to 2010".Autoblog Green.Retrieved2009-10-26.
  75. ^Shirouzu, Norihiko (2009-12-10)."Hollywood Beckons China's BYD: Auto Maker Expects to Make Los Angeles Its First US Market for Planned Electric-Car Sales; a Focus on Fleet Customers".The Wall Street Journal, Asia.Archivedfrom the original on 13 December 2009.Retrieved2009-12-10.
  76. ^Liza Lin (2010-10-26)."Buffett-Backed BYD Tumbles After Profit Plunges 99%".Bloomberg Businessweek.Archived fromthe originalon 30 October 2010.Retrieved2010-11-21.
  77. ^"BYD Looks to Charge Its US Business".The Wall Street Journal.2010-12-12.Retrieved2010-12-18.
  78. ^Forney, Matthew; Kroeber, Arthur (2009-12-10)."A Look Inside Buffett's Battery Bet".The Wall Street Journal.Retrieved2010-03-19.
  79. ^Los Angeles Business Journal (2010-09-06)."Sticker Shock?".Labusinessjournal.com.Archivedfrom the original on 7 December 2010.Retrieved2010-11-27.{{cite web}}:|author=has generic name (help)
  80. ^"Feb. 19th, 11 BYD e6s arrived in US".BYD.com. Archived fromthe originalon 2013-04-24.Retrieved2013-04-22.
  81. ^Groom, Nichola (2015-03-13)."Exclusive: Uber in deal with China's BYD to test electric cars".Reuters.Retrieved2016-02-27.
  82. ^El Observador staff (2016-01-13)."Así es la nueva estación de servicio para autos eléctricos de UTE".El Observador newspaper.Retrieved2016-01-15.
  83. ^"Rizen undeterred by light EV deliveries".Bangkok Post.
  84. ^"BYD Brochure on BYD e6 2nd generation"(PDF).2021-11-24.Retrieved2024-06-05.
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related toBYD e6.
External media
Images
image iconBYD e6 electric taxis in Shenzhen.
Video
video iconShenzhen's new Electric Taxis - Driving in a BYD e6 taxi (Youtube)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BYD_e6&oldid=1234387876"