Balonem do bieguna

Balonem do bieguna(lit.By Balloon to the Pole;with subtitlePrzygody z podróży powietrznej ponad lodami,lit.Adventures in Air Travel over the Ice,in later editions changed toPonad lodami Antarktydy,lit.Over the Ice of Antarctica) is the second adventure novelfor youthby Polish writerWładysław Umiński.It was first published in 1892serializedin a magazine; it received a book edition in 1894. The novel has been subsequently reprinted several times and translated into French and Russian. The novel tells the story of an expedition to theSouth Poleusing a technologically advancedballoon.

It was the second novel by Umiński, who, after its publication, began to gain fame in Poland as the author of popular novels for youth.It was also Umiński's first novel containing a futuristic gadget (here,airship), and it is considered one of the firstPolish science fictionnovels.

Release history

The novel was first published in the illustrated magazineWieczory Rodzinnein 1892in installments(no. 1–30), and then published as a book in 1894 byGebethner i Wolff.Over the next several decades, the book had received around ten editions, including in the years 1905, 1925, 1929, 1930, 1947, 1948, 1954, and finally, in 1955. The novel was also translated into French (Au Pole Sud en Balloon) and Russian.

Plot

The plot of the novel concerns, as the title suggests, a journey to theSouth Poleusing aballoon(actually anairship). This device, filled withhelium,was capable of travelling against the wind and reaching speeds of up to 150 km/h. It was the work of Polish engineers (Gromski and Jelski) and named "Polonia". Three travelers (Gromski and two Americans, captain Ford and sailor Barton) use it to reach the Pole. During the return journey, they have to face the breakdown of their vehicle, but after numerous adventures, they are saved by awhaling ship.

Reception

In 1926, a reviewer forDziennik Bydgoskispoke positively about the book, writing: "The reader travels in spirit with the brave pilots, experiences many hardships and dangers with them, admires the magical beauty of the aerial skies, about the wonders of which people on earth have not the slightest idea. I hope that among the readers of this book there will arise a large number of true" Gromskis "who would glorify the name of Poland with their inventions and discoveries!".

Analysis

It was Umiński's second novel, and the first containing a futuristic gadget (described by Polish literary scholarAntoni Smuszkiewiczas "a new type ofaerostat,operating on the principle of connecting a balloon with a prototype airplane "), and thus it is Umiński's first science fiction novel and at the same time one of the first Polish books of this genre. The novel, written during the period ofpartitions of Poland,contains patriotic accents (the heroes are Poles, and it is named "Polonia" ). In keeping with Umiński's habits (described by Smuszkiewicz as "timidly looking into the not too distant future" ), the inventions presented in the novel are relatively realistic, representing technology only slightly beyond the state of then-current knowledge (the vehicle described by Umińskiwas built a few years later, in 1900, by a German constructor,Ferdinand von Zeppelin,and filling balloons with safer helium began to be common several years later).

Because of its second part, where the heroes' vehicle suffers an accident on the way back, the novel is classified as arobinsonade.Like many of Umiński's works, it is seen as inspired by Jules Verne, here, hisFive Weeks in a Balloon.After the publication of this novel, Umiński began to gain fame in Poland as the author of popular novels for youth.