Battle of Aylesbury

Battle of Aylesbury
Part of theFirst English Civil War
Plaque commemorating the battle
Date 1 November 1642 Location Holman's BridgenearAylesbury Result Parliamentarian victory
Belligerents
Royalists	Parliamentarians
Commanders and leaders
Prince Rupert	Sir William Balfour
Strength
2,000	1,500
Casualties and losses
500 killed	90 killed
Holman's Bridge class=notpageimage| Buckinghamshire

TheBattle of Aylesburywas an engagement which took place on 1 November 1642, whenRoyalistforces, under the command ofPrince Rupert,foughtAylesbury'sParliamentariangarrison atHolman's Bridgea few miles to the north of Aylesbury. The Parliamentarian forces were victorious, despite being heavily outnumbered.

Background

Prince Rupert took possession of Aylesbury with a force of several thousand infantry and cavalry but subsequently received intelligence of the impending arrival of a brigade of Parliament's troops fromStony Stratford.

Battle

Prince Rupert marched out with most of his force to confront the enemy at a site a few miles north of the town. He arrived at a ford and encountered a unit of 1,500 Parliamentarian troops underSir William Balfouron the opposite bank.Prince Rupert, supported bySir Lewis Dyvein reserve, charged across the ford and engaged the Parliamentarians.Rupert was driven back across the stream and was forced to retreat towards the town ofThame.Some 500 of Rupert's men fell and over 90 of the Parliamentarian forces died.

Legacy

In 1818, remains were discovered in a field atHolman's Bridge(near the old ford), outside Aylesbury, by labourers digging pits for gravel, which were believed to belong to the fatalities from the battle. Many appeared, from the way they were laid, to have been graves of officers.They were buried in a common grave inSt Mary'schurchyard inHardwick.

Controversy

There have been mixed claims surrounding the scale and even the existence of the battle largely due to the alleged lack of archaeological evidence. It has also been claimed that its existence is a piece of parliamentary propaganda and that the bodies found in 1818 were far earlier, potentially being of theSaxonera.The only record of the battle was a Roundhead pamphlet entitledGood and ioyfull nevves ovt of Bvckinghamshire,the 'somewhat bombastic' account which is said to have a bias of a similar nature to other material they produced.Monitoring of a sewage scheme by archæologist Bob Zeepvat in 1995, found no trace of the burials at Holmans Bridge.Zeepvat concluded that the battle, if it actually happened, may have instead been askirmishas opposed to a full-scale battle as previously thought.Furthermore, the journal of Prince Rupert's marches pinpoints him inAbingdonon the day of the battle.

In 2002, the site fell under scrutiny as it was the proposed location of a new housing development. Doubts of the existence of the battle was used as ammunition for the developers and the County Council to push forward the development.A spokesperson forBucks County Museumat the time said:"All newspapers and leaflets at the time backed one side or another so there probably would have been a tendency to exaggerate. Something on this scale would certainly have made contemporary histories of the war. Some accounts suggest the battle took place in 1642 while others say it was 1643. There may have been two or three different engagements."

References

• Bickersteth, Edward(1863)."A Brief Historical Sketch of Aylesbury".Records of Buckinghamshire (Or, Papers and Notes on the History, Antiquities and Architecture of the County of Buckingham).2.Aylesbury:Buckinghamshire Archæological Society.Retrieved20 October2018.
• "Buckinghamshire – Weedon, near Aylesbury (SP 8115)"(PDF).South Midlands Archaeology.25.Council for British Archaeology, South Midlands Group.1995.Retrieved21 October2018.
• "Extracts from ORIGINS"(PDF).Origins.10(3). Buckinghamshire Family History Society.Retrieved20 October2018.
• Hammond, John."Was Cromwell present at the Battle of Aylesbury?"(PDF).Retrieved27 November2016.
• "Historian claims Battle of Aylesbury is a myth".Bucks Herald.1 June 2014. Archived fromthe originalon 21 October 2018.Retrieved21 October2018.
• Nugent-Grenville, George (1832).Michigan, University of(ed.).Some Memorials of John Hampden, His Party, and His Times (Volume 2)(1st ed.).John Murray.ISBN978-1358523953.Retrieved20 October2018.
• Payne, Stewart (18 August 2002)."Town at war over historic battle that never was".The Daily Telegraph.London.Retrieved20 October2018.
• "Prince Ruperts Journall, in England: From September 5. 1642 to Julye 4. 1646".The English Historical Review.XIII(LII): 730–741. 1898.doi:10.1093/ehr/XIII.LII.730.Retrieved21 October2018.
• Quick, Kevin (8 November 2000)."Account of the Battle of Aylesbury by Lord Nugent".GENUKI. Archived fromthe originalon 20 December 2006.Retrieved20 November2006.
• Quick, Kevin (8 November 2000)."The Battle of Aylesbury, 1642".Genuki.Archived fromthe originalon 4 August 2010.Retrieved11 August2010.
• "Was There Really a Battle of Aylesbury?".Bucks Herald.21 August 2002. Archived fromthe originalon 21 October 2018.Retrieved21 October2018.