Belle of Louisville

*Belle of Louisville*
History
Name	Idlewild(1914–1947); Avalon(1947–c. 1962); Belle of Louisville(c. 1962–);
Owner	West Memphis Packet Company(1914–1947); J. Herod Gorsage(1947–c. 1962); Marlow Cook(c. 1962–); City ofLouisville, Kentucky;
Builder	Rees, James & Sons
Launched	1914
Identification	MMSI number:367199750; Callsign:WF6270;
General characteristics
Length	157.5 ft (48.0 m) pre-1968; 167.5 ft (51.1 m) post-1968;
Beam	36 ft (11 m)
Depth	5 ft (1.5 m)
Decks	3
Propulsion	Stern paddle wheel
	Belle of Louisville(River Steamboat)
	U.S. National Register of Historic Places
	U.S. National Historic Landmark
Location	Louisville, Kentucky
Coordinates	38°15′33.2″N85°45′20.2″W/ 38.259222°N 85.755611°W
Built	1914
Architect	Rees, James & Sons
Website	belleoflouisville.org
NRHP referenceNo.	72000535
Significant dates
Added to NRHP	April 10, 1972
Designated NHL	June 30, 1989

Belle of Louisvilleis asteamboatowned and operated by the city ofLouisville,Kentucky,and moored at itsdowntown wharfnext to theRiverfront Plaza/Belvedereduring its annual operational period. The steamboat claims itself the "most widely traveled river steamboat in American history."Belle of Louisville's offices are aboardMayor Andrew Broaddus,and also appears on the list ofNational Historic Landmarks.^{[This paragraph needs citation(s)]}

History[edit]

Idlewild[edit]

Originally namedIdlewild,theBelle of Louisvillewas built by James Rees & Sons Company inPittsburgh,Pennsylvania,for the West Memphis Packet Company in 1914. She initially operated as a passenger ferry betweenMemphis,Tennessee,andWest Memphis,Arkansas.She also hauled cargo such as cotton, lumber, and grain. She then came to Louisville in 1931 and ran trips between theFontaine Ferry amusement parknear downtown Louisville andRose Island,a resort about 14 miles (23 km) upriver from Louisville.^[2]From 1934 throughWorld War II,Idlewildoperated a regular excursion schedule. During this time she was outfitted with special equipment to push oil barges along the river. She also served as a floatingUSOnightclub for troops stationed at military bases along theMississippi River.^{[citation needed]}

Avalon[edit]

In 1947,Idlewildwas sold to J. Herod Gorsage^{[citation needed]}in Cincinnati and renamedAvalon,honoring the death-bed wish of her long-time captain, Master Ben Winters.^[2]Over the next few years,Avalonvisited ports all along the Mississippi,Missouri,St. Croix,Illinois,Kanawha,Ohio,andCumberlandRivers. Her many stops includedOmaha,Nebraska;Stillwater,Minnesota;Montgomery,West Virginia;andNashville,Tennessee.^{[citation needed]}

While river technology played an integral role in Louisville during the early 19th century, that relationship declined asrailwaysandroadsbegan to dominate the riverfront.Avalonfell into disrepair. Then, in 1962Jefferson CountyJudgeMarlow Cookpurchased the steamboat for $34,000 in hopes of reconnecting the city's people to the waterfront.^[3]Soon, the city re-christened her theBelle of Louisville.^[2]The steamboat's purchase played a crucial role in restoringWaterfront Parkalong with Louisville's relationship to the Ohio River.^[3]

Restoration[edit]

The restoration of the boat was supervised by marine architect Alan L. Bates (now Captain Bates), whose book,Str. Belle of Louisville,(1964) remains a primary source on the history of the boat and the crews who worked on her.

Prior to the auction, the hull had been condemned as unfit by theU.S. Coast Guard:concrete patches had added much weight to the oft-damaged hull, as had generations of accumulated modifications to the decks and fittings within hersuperstructure.These were stripped and repaired indry dockor removed by volunteers.

What remained was cleaned, surface prepared, supplied with new finish carpentry, and painted in a style consistent with the boat's early 20th-century origins.

Captain Clarke "Doc" Hawley, had worked aboard the boat during herAvalondays. He had salvaged the brass nameplates from the ends of the two massive cylinders in order to prevent them from being sold for scrap, and now he returned them to the boat. Hawley had also, before the auction, at his own cost hired an assistant to drain the boat's water-filled fittings for winter, so that they would not freeze and burst. This meant that the mechanical restoration of the boat was now possible, at far less cost than had extensive refitting of ruined pipe work been necessary.

Various of her workings, though not her engine and drive train, had been stripped and sold in separate lots at auction, including the boat's originalsteam calliope.

Volunteers donated materials which could be adapted to use. Some of them, such as brass steam-powered bilge clearing pumps known as siphons, were cannibalized from sunken steamboats whose hulls could still be seen and dived at low water. Some missing components were custom-fabricated by local foundries in a style copied from photos of the boat in her earlier days. The degree of preservation was considerable, and the boat is still piloted with a 19th-century skill set, though now with the assistance of modern communications.

Although authentic to its core, the boat has occasionally seen improvements not part of the original restoration. The compressed-air driven calliope which replaced the missing original proved unsatisfying, and was ultimately replaced with the true steam calliope which the boat uses today, audible for many blocks in the surroundingDowntown Louisvillearea when the boat is readying to depart. The new calliope was built by Morecraft Manufacturing ofPeru, Indianaand installed in 1988. The instrument is a reproduction of the Nichol instrument that the boat carried when namedAvalon.

The ship's bow was also redesigned by Bates in the late 1960s, to make the boat a better contender in theGreat Steamboat Race:the original, blunter bow at maximum speeds showed the tendency for waves to break over it.

Career asBelle of Louisville[edit]

On April 30, 1963,Belle of Louisvillemade her first cruise in a race against the steamboatDelta Queen.That race was the beginning of an unparalleled river tradition. To this day,Belle of Louisvilleand another competing steamboat, previously theDelta Queen,still square off every year on the Wednesday before theKentucky Derbyin theKentucky Derby Festivalevent TheGreat Steamboat Race.

*Belle of Louisville*at the start of the 2004Great Steamboat Race

Thousands of spectators line both sides of the river to watch the race: on the first occasion of the running of the race, attendance exceeded that of the Kentucky Derby the same year. Originally, Kentucky Derby officials were said to be reluctant to accept the steamboat race as part of the Derby celebrations, as in old betting parlance, a "boat race" refers to a horse race with an outcome influenced by dishonest means. According to Louisville folklore, the race may be rigged, but insiders insist that cheating is impossible, because the race has no rules—the only prizes are bragging rights and a pair of gilded deer antlers, which are mounted above the forecastle of the winning boat.

Today,Belle of Louisvilleis recognized as the oldest river steamboat in operation, placed on theNational Register of Historic Placesin 1972, and designated aNational Historic Landmarkin 1989.

The annual Forecastle Festival is one of many examples of howBelle of Louisvillehas impacted several events throughout the city of Louisville. Although the music festival takes place in mid-July in Waterfront Park during the day carrying over into the late evening,Belle of Louisvilleacts as the venue for the after shows and parties that are specifically for Forecastle VIP ticket holders. During these after shows and parties, select performers act as the entertainment as people get to experience the environment of Louisville from the perspective of the river while they ride around onBelle of Louisville.

In August 1997,Belle of Louisvillewas partially sunk at her moorings; a former crew member of the boat was later convicted ofsabotage.^[4]^[5]The proximate cause of the sinking was flooding of the hull via a city water line left connected to a fitting that led into the boat's hull. Due to the swift actions of the steamer's crew and other members of the community, the boat was rescued, repaired, and returned to service.

In February 2007, Mark Doty was named asBelle of Louisville's captain, replacing Kevin Mullen, who left the position in November 2006. Doty's official title is "Master of the Fleet"or" Port Captain ".

On October 17, 2009,Belle of Louisvillecollided with a dock nearSix Mile Islandon theOhio River.Witness statements report that the accident occurred as she was making a turnaround about halfway through a cruise. Tugboats were used to pull her to safety. ABelle of Louisvilleofficial was quoted as saying that the wind had caused her to hit the dock.^[6]^[7]It has been reported that one-third of the paddle wheel's bucket planks^{[clarification needed]}were damaged in the collision, and jockey bar (the main steel arm, which goes across the aft end of the paddle wheel) was bent. The crew, however, was able to fix the damage withoutdrydocking.The damaged bucket planks were replaced from stock held in storage.^{[citation needed]}

On October 18, 2014,Belle of Louisvilleturned 100 years old. To celebrate, a 5-day riverboat festival named "The Belle's Big Birthday Bash"^[8]was held in Louisville along parts ofLouisville Waterfront Park.Eight other riverboats from across the country joinedBelle of Louisvilleto help celebrate her 100th year on the river. The festival incorporated cruises, fireworks, riverfront concerts, hot air balloon glows, and more. The other riverboats attending the festival includedSpirit of Jefferson,Anson Northrup,Belle of Cincinnati,The Colonel,General Jackson,River Queen,Spirit of Peoria,andCelebration Belle.This festival was said^{[by whom?]}to be the largest riverboat gathering that Louisville has seen in over 100 years. A portion of the proceeds from The Belle's Big Birthday Bash went toward her preservation fund.