Jump to content

Bernardo Arévalo

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

In thisSpanish name,the first or paternalsurnameisArévaloand the second or maternal family name isde León.
His Excellency
Bernardo Arévalo
Official portrait, 2024
52ndPresident of Guatemala
Incumbent
Assumed office
15 January 2024
Vice PresidentKarin Herrera
Preceded byAlejandro Giammattei
Member of theCongress of Guatemala
In office
14 January 2020 – 14 January 2024
ConstituencyNational List
Guatemalan Ambassador to Spain
In office
1995–1996
PresidentRamiro de León Carpio
Personal details
Born
César Bernardo Arévalo de León

(1958-10-07)7 October 1958(age 65)
Montevideo,Uruguay
NationalityGuatemalan
Political partyMovimiento Semilla[1]
Spouse(s)
Teresa Lapín
​
​
(m.1983;div.1992)​

Eva Rivara Figueroa
​
​
(m.1993;div.2009)​

​
(m.2011)​
Children6 (3 stepchildren)
Parent
Alma mater
Occupation
  • Politician
  • diplomat
  • sociologist
  • author
Signature
WebsiteCampaign website
Bernardo Arévalo's voice
Recorded July 2023
This article is part of
a series about
Bernardo Arévalo
Political career
Presidency
Elections
Family

César Bernardo Arévalo de León([beɾˈnaɾ.ðoaˈɾe.βa.lo];born 7 October 1958)[2]is a Guatemalan diplomat,sociologist,writer, and politician who is the 52nd and currentpresident of Guatemalasince 2024. A member and co-founder of theSemillaparty, he previously served as a deputy in theCongress of Guatemalafrom 2020 to 2024, asAmbassador to Spainfrom 1995 to 1996 and asDeputy Minister of Foreign Affairsfrom 1994 to 1995.[3]

Arévalo is the son of former presidentJuan José Arévalo.He defeated formerfirst ladySandra Torresin the second round of the2023 presidential electionon 20 August 2023.[4]His electoral triumph makes him the first son of a former Guatemalan president to be elected president, the second president not to be born in Guatemalan territory, and Guatemala's second most voted-for candidate in the 21st century, surpassed only by former presidentJimmy Morales(2016–2020).[5][6]

Early life and education

[edit]

Arévalo was born on 7 October 1958 inMontevideo,Uruguay, the son ofJuan José Arévalo,the formerPresident of Guatemalabetween 1945 and 1951, and his second wife, Margarita de León. At the time of Arévalo's birth, his father was living in political exile in South America following the1954 Guatemalan coup d'état.[7]

Arévalo's family left Uruguay when he was less than two years old, and he spent parts of his childhood living in Venezuela, Mexico, and Chile. He went to Guatemala for the first time at the age of 15 to study at the Liceo Guatemala, a private Catholic school inGuatemala City.[7]

While his father was serving as the Ambassador of Guatemala to Israel, Arévalo attended and graduated from theHebrew University of Jerusalemin Israel with a bachelor's degree in sociology. At the Hebrew University, he studied the history of Christianity in Latin America.[8]He then obtained a doctorate in philosophy and social anthropology fromUtrecht Universityin the Netherlands.[3]

Diplomatic career

[edit]

Arévalo joined theMinistry of Foreign Affairsduring the 1980s as a diplomat. Between 1984 and 1986, he was the first secretary and consul at the Guatemalan embassy in Israel and subsequently acted as minister counselor from 1987 to 1988.[7]

In 1988, Arévalo returned to Guatemala, where he was appointed deputy director of strategic studies and planning, again within the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. He went on to serve as director of bilateral foreign policy from 1990 to 1991, international bilateral relations from 1992 to 1993, and international economic and multilateral relations from 1993 to 1994.[7]

In 1994, PresidentRamiro de León Carpioappointed Arévalo Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs, a role Arévalo held until 1995.[3]During his time as deputy minister,Ernesto Zedillo,thePresident of Mexico,decorated Arévalo with theOrder of the Aztec Eaglein 1995.[9]

In 1995, Foreign MinisterAlejandro Maldonadoappointed Arévalo as Guatemala's ambassador to Spain; that same year, he presented his credentials to KingJuan Carlos I.In 1996, Arévalo left his position as ambassador as well as the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.[7]

Professional career

[edit]

After leaving his career as a diplomat, Arévalo served on theCenter for Mesoamerican Regional Research (CIRMA)[es]board and acted as its president. From 1999, Arévalo held various roles atInterpeace,including advising on peacebuilding and conflict resolution in Africa, Asia, and Latin America.[7][10]

In addition to his peacekeeping work, Arévalo also worked as an advisor to organizations, including the United Nations, theUnited States Institute of Peace,and theUniversity of San Diego.He has written books and articles on history, politics, sociology, and diplomacy.[7]

Political career

[edit]
Official portrait of Arévalo as a deputy of the Guatemalan Congress

In 2015, Arévalo took part in the2015 Guatemalan protestsdemanding the resignation of PresidentOtto Pérez Molina.Shortly after the demonstrations, Arévalo was among a group of intellectuals who formed Semilla, a think tank that subsequently was developed into the political party Movimiento Semilla in 2017.[11]

Arévalo was announced as the preferred candidate for Semilla for the 2019 presidential election but ultimately declined the candidacy. He was succeeded byThelma Aldana,who was eventually prohibited from running.[12]Arévalo instead ran as a candidate for Congress on the national list and was elected as a congressman in the first round of the 2019 general election, becoming one of seven candidates from the Semilla party to win a seat for the IX Congressional legislature. Taking office on 14 January 2020, he served on several committees on foreign affairs, governance, human rights, national security, and national defense and led the Semilla parliamentary bloc between 2020 and 2022.[2]In 2022, he was elected as the Secretary-General Semilla, succeedingSamuel Pérez Álvarez.[13]

During his four years as a Deputy, Arévalo took on the role of a rapporteur for several bills. These bills dealt with various issues such as cutting off cellular connections to prisons, extending social security benefits to migrants, deputies, and workers in the informal sector, providing stricter penalties for those who abuse animals, and regulating the prices of pharmaceutical products.[14][15][16][17][18]

During theCOVID-19 pandemic,Arévalo and the other members of the Semilla party introduced a bill that would have provided temporary relief to the populace. The bill proposed a budget of 10 million quetzals, with each person receiving 1500 quetzals per month for the duration of the pandemic.[19]In March 2022, Arévalo was the rapporteur for a legislative proposal calling on PresidentAlejandro Giammatteito take action against Russia following itsinvasion of Ukraine.The proposal included the cancellation of the mining license of theCompañía Guatemalteca de Níquel,a nickel-mining company that is owned by the Russian companySolway Investment Group.In addition, the legislation called for the cancellation of the contract with the Russian government regarding theSputnik V vaccines.[20]

2023 presidential campaign

[edit]

On 22 January 2023, Arévalo was announced as the presidential candidate for Semilla for the2023 election,running alongsideKarin Herreraas his vice-presidential running mate.[21]He was officially registered by theSupreme Electoral Tribunalon 16 February 2023. During his campaign, his supporters referred to him asTío Bernie(transl. Uncle Bernie) in reference to both his name and his similarity to American politician and former presidential candidateBernie Sanders.[22]

Arévalo's campaigning focused on addressingstate corruptionandinsecurityin Guatemala, as well as generating employment opportunities and promoting climate change policies.[23]

Initial polling byPrensa Librein April 2023 showed Arévalo ranked next to last among the candidates, with 0.7% of people polled stating their intention to vote for him.[24]Subsequent polls showed support for Arévalo hovering around 2% in June and May 2023.[25][26]

During the first round of the 2023 election, Arévalo placed second among candidates with over 600,000 votes and was placed in the second-round run-off withSandra Torres,a formerfirst lady of Guatemalaand candidate of theNational Unity of Hopeparty.[27]Arévalo placing second was described as a "surprise" byEl PaísandBBC News.[28][29]Semilla also received a large share of the votes, positioning it as the third largest party in the Congress of Guatemala, theCentral American Parliament,and the Guatemala City municipal government.[28]

[edit]

The certification of the results was delayed due to a controversial appeal granted by the Constitutional Court to nine right-wing parties, including the ruling party,Vamos.These parties challenged the result, alleging "irregularities" and "electoral fraud" in favor of Arévalo, and went as far as to request a new election be held.[30][31]The Court ordered a new review of the contested results, which was carried out during the first week of July. The new review found no significant changes in the preliminary results.[32]Subsequently, the Supreme Court dismissed the appeal made by the parties and authorized the Supreme Electoral Court to formalize the election results.[33]

On 12 July 2023, the TSE formalized the election results; at the same time, prosecutor Rafael Curruchiche of thePublic Prosecution Serviceannounced, at the request of Judge Fedy Orellana, the suspension of Semilla due to allegations of falsifying signatures to establish the party in 2017. Arévalo, in aCNNinterview, stated that he would challenge the suspension, claiming that the court had "no legal substance" to make the order.[34]Similarly, legal experts affirmed that Orellana did not act in accordance with the country's election laws.[35][36]

On 13 July 2023, theConstitutional Court,the highest court for constitutional law, reversed Semilla's suspension, allowing the second round of the presidential election to proceed.[37]Nevertheless, demonstrations were organized calling for the resignation of Attorney GeneralMaría Consuelo Porras,prosecutor Curruchiche, and Judge Orellana.[38]Arévalo and his vice presidential candidate, Karin Herrera, were present at the demonstration and filed a criminal complaint against Curruchiche and Orellana.[39]

Members of theUnited States Congresscalled onJoe Bidento impose sanctions on those responsible for "threatening democracy" in Guatemala and expressed concerns about actions being taken against Arévalo's candidacy.[40]Twenty former leaders from Latin America and Spain issued a joint statement condemning attempts made to disqualify Arévalo from the election, and compared it to the recent disqualification of Venezuelan opposition leaderMaría Corina Machado.[41][42]

President-elect Bernardo Arévalo (left) and outgoing presidentAlejandro Giammatteimeet in the presidential residency as part of the presidential transition, September 2023.

Presidential transition

[edit]
Main article:Presidential transition of Bernardo Arévalo

The Electoral and Political Party Act restricts a political party's Secretary-General from presiding over the executive branch.[43]Accordingly, on 29 November, Arévalo renounced his affiliation with Semilla and stepped down as the party's Secretary-General.

On 8 January 2024, Arévalo and Vice President-elect Herrera held a press conference at theCentro Cultural Miguel Ángel Asturiasto present the individuals who would serve as the Ministers in Arévalo's cabinet.[44]The cabinet would have been composed of seven men and seven women. However, on 10 January, two days after the announcement, Anayté Guardado, Arévalo's candidate for theMinistry of Energy and Mines,declined the nomination due to controversy that arose onXwhen a 2018 interview of her resurfaced that showed her support for hydroelectric plants—a contributor to deforestation in Guatemala.[45]Allegations would also arise about Guardado's involvement in the imprisonment ofBernardo Caal,an Indigenous rights activist.[46]Ultimately, Víctor Hugo Ventura Ruiz would replace Guardado as the nominee for the Ministry.[47]

Presidency (2024–present)

[edit]

Inauguration

[edit]
Main article:Inauguration of Bernardo Arévalo
Arévalo takes the oath of office administered by former President of CongressSamuel Pérez,15 January 2024

Arévalo wasinauguratedas the 52nd president of Guatemala on 15 January 2024, at 12:20 amCT.[48]His inauguration was scheduled to be on 14 January but was delayed following the failure of the event's overseeing commission to approve the event's congressional delegation.[49][50]He is the first president to be the son of a former Guatemalan president and the second president to be born outside of Guatemalan territory (afterMiguel García Granados).[5]

First 100 days

[edit]

In his first days in office, Arévalo reversed a government agreement signed by his predecessor that would have granted security and vehicles to former officials from theGiammattei cabinetfor six years.[51][52]

On 18–19 January Arévalo ordered the removal of metal barriers from the presidential residency andNational Palace.These barriers were initially installed in 2016 during theJimmy Moralesadministration and remained underAlejandro Giammattei'smandate.[53]The Arévalo government characterized the gesture "as a symbol of accessibility and closeness" towards the populace.[54]After the removal of the railings, theMinistry of Culture and Sportsreported a 43% increase in visits to the National Palace for the month of February.[55]

Between 17 January to 5 February, Arévalo and his cabinet dismissed several heads of government agencies, including the National Institute of Electrification (INDE), the Institute of Victim, and theGeneral Directorate of Civil Aeronautics.These dissmisals were attributed to the fact that the agency heads were linked to "acts of corruption" or had not "efficiently fulfilled" their duties.[56][57][58]A total of 878 government employees were removed from their positions during Arévalo's first 30 days in office.[59]

On 8 February, Arévalo and Francisco Jiménez, theMinister of the Interior,announced the creation of the Special Group Against Extortion (GECE), a special force within theNational Civil Police(PNC) aimed at combatting violent crime and extortions.[60]The GECE will consist of 400 motorized officers who will patrol different regions of the country in phases. At the request of Arévalo, the United States government donated equipment to support the new task force.[61]

Arévalo signs the Comprehensive Cancer Care Law, 22 March 2024

During his first trip as president toEurope,from 15 to 23 February, Arévalo temporarily delegated his duties to Vice President Herrera, as established by the Constitution. His itinerary included various activities and high-level meetings in different European countries. InGermany,he participated in the60th Munich Security Conferenceand met with German ChancellorOlaf Scholz,Bulgarian Prime MinisterNikolai Denkov,Israeli PresidentIsaac Herzogand Ukrainian PresidentVolodymyr Zelenskyy.Later, on 19 February, he arrived inFranceto meet with French PresidentEmmanuel Macronat theÉlysée Palace.The next day, inBelgium,he held meetings with the President of the European CouncilCharles Michel,and the European High Representative of Foreign AffairsJosep Borrell,thus marking the first visit by a Guatemalan president to theseat of the European Union.On 21 February, Arévalo moved toSwitzerland,where he held a meeting with the president of theInternational Olympic CommitteeThomas Bach,who confirmed the elimination of sanctions on theGuatemalan Olympic Committee.Then, on 22 February, he arrived inSpainto meet with the Prime MinisterPedro Sánchez,and attend a banquet offered by KingFelipe VIand QueenLetizia.Finally, on 24 February, Arévalo returned to the country.[62]

On 9 March 2024, Congress passed the Comprehensive Cancer Care Law, a bill that was first introduced in July 2022.[63]The act provides millions ofquetzalsto theMinistry of Healthto boost training and research, establish a specialized hospital, and the promotion of cancer care through early detection, prevention,palliative care,and free treatment. Arévalo signed the bill on 22 March 2024.[64]

Some analysts have detected "slowness in decision-making" during the first days of Arévalo's presidency, as well as a "lack of strategy" to achieve the departure of Attorney GeneralMaría Consuelo Porrasand maintain a stable legislative alliance (which fragmented at the end of March).[65]

Arévalo supervises construction progress for theGuatemala City Metro

On 7 April 2024, Arévalo dismissedMinister of EnvironmentMaría José Iturbide.His decision came after a report was published byVox Populion 4 April, which revealed that María Fernanda Iturbide, daughter of Minister Iturbide, had used state vehicles for personal activities.[66]The Secretary General of the Presidency published a statement on behalf of Arévalo, stating that the decision was made to "avoid any doubt about the commitment of his administration and tolerance to the misuse of State resources and corruption". On 11 April, Arévalo appointedPatricia Orantesas Iturbide's replacement.[67]

On 11 April, Arévalo together with the Minister of Infrastructure Jazmín de la Vega, the mayor of Guatemala CityRicardo Quiñónez,the United States ambassador to GuatemalaTobin Bradleyand the Guatemala City councilor ofSemillaNinotchka Matutesupervised the progress of the construction of the first phase of theGuatemala City Metro,one of the priorities of the Arévalo government.[68]

On 23 April, during a public event marking the first 100 days of his government, Arévalo fulfilled one of his campaign promises by reducing the presidential salary by 25%.[69]As a result of this reduction, the head of state of Guatemala is no longer the highest-paid president inLatin America.Concurrently, Vice PresidentHerreraalso announced a 25% reduction in her salary.[70]

Domestic policy

[edit]

Education

[edit]

On 4 February 2024, Arévalo announced a school remodeling program through theMinistry of Educationwith the aim of renovating 10,000 schools by the end of 2024.[71][72]In June 2024, the Ministry of Education reported finishing renovating 4,000 schools.[73]

Subsequent dismissals

[edit]

On 17 May, Arévalo dismissedMinister of Communications, Infrastructure, and HousingJazmín de la Vega. The decision was prompted by Minister Vega's authorization of payments to several construction companies that went against the terms of the government contract.[74]

Efforts to dismiss Consuelo Porras

[edit]
President Arévalo addresses the nation concerning his intention to remove Consuelo Porras from her post of Attorney General, 6 May 2024

On 5 May 2024, Arévalo delivered a nationally televised speech in which he called for the removal ofConsuelo Porrasfrom her position asAttorney General.In his speech, he reported his intentions to reform the organic law through Congress, so that the "Public Prosecutor's Office does not again be used as a political weapon by any government."[75][76]On 6 May, Arévalo alongside members of his cabinet walked from the National Palace to Congress to deliver the bill that allowed for the dismissal of Porras.[77]However, Congress failed to hold a plenary session for the bill, and negotiations for it stalled until August 1, when legislators would return from recess.[78]

Energy subsidy

[edit]

On 31 May, Arévalo announced the expansion of energy subsidies to individuals who consumed up to 99kilowattsper month (previously 89 kilowatts).[79]The social tariff is estimated to cover 300,00 more users and will remain in effect until December 2024.[80]

Foreign policy

[edit]
Main article:List of international trips made by Bernardo Arévalo

Nicaragua

[edit]

Arévalo has had a tense relationship with theDaniel Ortegaregime inNicaragua.On 5 September 2024, theUS State Departmentsecured the release of 135 Nicaraguan political prisoners, and the Guatemalan government agreed to take them in.[81]

Palestine

[edit]

On 10 May 2024, the Arévalo administration voted in favor of upgradingPalestine'srights in theUnited Nationsas an Observer State.[82]

Venezuela

[edit]

The Arévalo administration rejected the results announced by theNational Electoral CouncilofVenezuelafor the2024 Venezuelan presidential election.[83]In a press conference on August 5th, Arévalo announced that his government would not recognizeNicolás Maduroas the president-elect of Venezuela.[84]He would also condemn the repression made by the Venezuelan government againstdomestic proteststhat broke out in the aftermath of the election.

Political positions

[edit]

Arévalo claims the political legacy of his father,Juan José Arévalo,and former presidentJacobo Árbenz.He has described himself as a "social democrat"and favors a republican and democratic system. He believes in a state that guarantees social justice and private property and expresses an interest in establishing a new fiscal pact and strengthening social security.[85]

Education

[edit]
Arévalo meets US PresidentJoe Bidenin theWhite House,25 March 2024

One of Arévalo's campaign pledges is to adopt a "radically different" public education system. He aims to address the poor conditions found in primary and secondary schools by investingQ110 billion, which would go towards creating 70,000 new classrooms, 29.5 million textbooks, 36,000 new restrooms for faculty and students, and monthly scholarships of 3,600 for students.[86]

Health

[edit]

Arévalo favorsuniversal healthcare.He proposes a Q61 billion government budget to cover 7 million people by building 400 new health posts and 50 health centers for regions of more than 15,000 residents and isolated rural areas.[86]

Arévalo has also committed to the construction of a public hospital that specializes in cancer treatment.[86]

Foreign policy

[edit]
Arévalo greets Ukrainian president,Volodymyr Zelenskyyin Munich, Germany, February 18, 2024

Arévalo is in favor of improving trade relations with China[87]but also desires to maintain diplomatic relations with Taiwan. On 20 July, in an interview withRepública,he reassured his interest in building a relationship with China based on "developing and expanding" economic relations.[88]

Arévalo has condemned the government of Nicaragua[89]and has described the governments of Nicaragua and Venezuela as "dictatorial systems."[85]In March 2022, Arévalo was the rapporteur of a legislative proposal that sought to urge PresidentAlejandro Giammatteito take action against Russia for itsinvasion of Ukraine.The proposal included the cancellation of the mining license of theCompañía Guatemalteca de Níquel,a nickel-mining company that is owned by the Russian companySolway Investment Group.In addition, the legislation called for the cancellation of the contract with the Russian government regarding theSputnik V vaccines.[90]

Social issues

[edit]

Arévalo has ruled out the possibility of legalizingsame-sex marriageandabortion(which is only permitted in Guatemala if the mother's life is in danger), but he has also stated that he will not tolerate discrimination due toreligionandsexual orientation.[91]

Personal life

[edit]

Arévalo has been married three times. In 1983, he married Argentine citizen Teresa Lapín Ganman; they divorced in 1992. The following year, Arévalo married Eva Rivara Figueroa, a fellow diplomat, with whom he had two daughters. Since 2011, Arévalo has been married toLucrecia Peinado.[92]He has three daughters and three stepchildren.[93]

In addition to his native Spanish, Arévalo speaks English, Hebrew, French, and Portuguese.[3]He is aCatholic.[91]

During the election campaign, in aTikTokvideo, Arévalo referred to the famous2009 Kanye West–Taylor Swift incidentwhere he revealed to be afanofTaylor Swift.The video quickly went viral among young voters, which successfully boosted his presidential campaign during the first round.[94]

Honors

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^"Comité Ejecutivo Nacional".Movimiento Semilla.2019.Archivedfrom the original on 5 June 2023.Retrieved15 June2021.
  2. ^ab"César Bernardo Arévalo De León".Congress of Guatemala.2019.Archivedfrom the original on 21 August 2023.Retrieved15 June2021.
  3. ^abcd"Bernardo Arevalo de León"(PDF).International Peacebuilding Advisory Team.2015.Archived(PDF)from the original on 3 April 2023.Retrieved15 June2021.
  4. ^"Progressive Arévalo is 'virtual winner' of Guatemala election after corruption angered voters".AP News.20 August 2023.Archivedfrom the original on 30 September 2023.Retrieved21 August2023.
  5. ^ab"Juan José y Bernardo Arévalo, primeros padre e hijo en ser Presidentes de Guatemala".www.soy502.com(in Spanish).Archivedfrom the original on 9 October 2023.Retrieved22 August2023.
  6. ^"Bernardo Arévalo se convierte en el candidato más votado de Guatemala".www.soy502.com(in Spanish).Archivedfrom the original on 22 August 2023.Retrieved22 August2023.
  7. ^abcdefg"Actas del Encuentro: Juan José Arévalo"(PDF).Rafael Landívar University.2012.Retrieved15 June2021.
  8. ^Kessler, Jacob (22 August 2023)."5 Jewish facts about Guatemala's new Hebrew-speaking president".Times of Israel.Archivedfrom the original on 6 January 2024.Retrieved16 January2024.
  9. ^ab"Diario Oficial de la Federación".Secretariat of the Interior, Mexico.1999.Archivedfrom the original on 27 May 2023.Retrieved8 July2023.
  10. ^Boche Ventura, Evelyn; Arroyo, Lorena (26 June 2023)."Bernardo Arévalo, el candidato que rompe el tablero tradicional en Guatemala".El País(in Spanish).Archivedfrom the original on 19 August 2023.Retrieved19 August2023.
  11. ^Pradilla, Alberto (7 May 2018)."Cómo pasó Semilla de grupo de análisis a querer competir en las elecciones".Plaza Pública(in Spanish).Archivedfrom the original on 11 August 2023.Retrieved19 August2023.
  12. ^"Thelma Aldana: la Corte Constitucional de Guatemala rechaza la candidatura presidencial de la exfiscal".BBC News Mundo(in Spanish). 16 May 2019.Archivedfrom the original on 15 February 2023.Retrieved19 August2023.
  13. ^Kestler, Carlos (29 May 2022)."Diputado Bernardo Arévalo asume como nuevo secretario general del Movimiento Semilla".Prensa Libre(in Spanish).Archivedfrom the original on 29 May 2023.Retrieved19 August2023.
  14. ^www.congreso.gob.gthttps://www.congreso.gob.gt/noticias_congreso/9746/2023/2.Retrieved9 February2024.{{cite web}}:Missing or empty|title=(help)
  15. ^www.congreso.gob.gthttps://www.congreso.gob.gt/noticias_congreso/9678/2023/2#gsc.tab=0.Retrieved9 February2024.{{cite web}}:Missing or empty|title=(help)
  16. ^www.congreso.gob.gthttps://www.congreso.gob.gt/noticias_congreso/9018/2022/1#gsc.tab=0.Retrieved9 February2024.{{cite web}}:Missing or empty|title=(help)
  17. ^www.congreso.gob.gthttps://www.congreso.gob.gt/noticias_congreso/9585/2023/1.Retrieved9 February2024.{{cite web}}:Missing or empty|title=(help)
  18. ^www.congreso.gob.gthttps://www.congreso.gob.gt/noticias_congreso/7262/2021/2#gsc.tab=0.Retrieved9 February2024.{{cite web}}:Missing or empty|title=(help)
  19. ^www.congreso.gob.gthttps://www.congreso.gob.gt/noticias_congreso/4200/2020/2.Retrieved9 February2024.{{cite web}}:Missing or empty|title=(help)
  20. ^García, Manuel (16 March 2022)."Oficialismo protegió a Giammattei sobre petición de cancelar contrato minero y Sputnik V".La Hora(in Spanish).Archivedfrom the original on 16 April 2023.Retrieved8 July2023.
  21. ^Montenegro, Henry; Ola, Ana Lucía (22 January 2023)."El binomio presidencial del partido Movimiento Semilla es Bernardo Arévalo y Karin Herrera".Prensa Libre(in Spanish).Archivedfrom the original on 26 June 2023.Retrieved19 August2023.
  22. ^Móvil, José Carlos (26 June 2023)."Bernardo Arévalo, el hombre con el que nadie contaba en las elecciones de Guatemala".Swissinfo(in Spanish).Archivedfrom the original on 27 August 2023.Retrieved19 August2023.
  23. ^"Elecciones Guatemala: ex primera dama Sandra Torres y diplomático Bernardo Arévalo irán a segunda vuelta en agosto".Voz de América(in Spanish). 26 June 2023.Archivedfrom the original on 29 June 2023.Retrieved10 August2023.
  24. ^Morales, Sergio (2 May 2023)."Encuesta elecciones Guatemala 2023: Carlos Pineda y Sandra Torres lideran intención de voto entre candidatos presidenciales".Prensa Libre(in Spanish).Archivedfrom the original on 17 August 2023.Retrieved19 August2023.
  25. ^Bin, Henry (24 May 2023)."#NuevaEncuesta: sin Pineda en la papeleta, Mulet gana más votos que las candidatas de la UNE y VALOR".Con Criterio(in Spanish).Archivedfrom the original on 8 June 2023.Retrieved19 August2023.
  26. ^Contreras Corzantes, Geovanni (22 June 2023)."Torres, Mulet y Ríos son los candidatos presidenciales que acaparan la intención de voto, según la Encuesta Libre 2023 (y estos son los resultados)".Prensa Libre(in Spanish).Archivedfrom the original on 18 August 2023.Retrieved19 August2023.
  27. ^González Díaz, Marcos (26 June 2023)."Quiénes son Sandra Torres y Bernardo Arévalo, la eterna candidata y el aspirante sorpresa que se disputarán la presidencia de Guatemala".BBC News Mundo(in Spanish).Archivedfrom the original on 13 September 2023.Retrieved19 August2023.
  28. ^ab"Quiénes son Sandra Torres y Bernardo Arévalo, la eterna candidata y el aspirante sorpresa que se disputarán la presidencia de Guatemala".BBC News Mundo(in Spanish).Archivedfrom the original on 29 June 2023.Retrieved8 July2023.
  29. ^"Sorpresa en Guatemala".El País(in Spanish). 27 June 2023.Archivedfrom the original on 28 June 2023.Retrieved8 July2023.
  30. ^"Guatemala's high court steps into election, suspends release of official results".AP News.2 July 2023.Archivedfrom the original on 8 October 2023.Retrieved10 August2023.
  31. ^Zuzunaga Ruiz, Roger (5 July 2023)."Por qué la Corte de Constitucionalidad de Guatemala ordenó no oficializar los resultados de las elecciones".El Comercio(in Spanish).ISSN1605-3052.Archivedfrom the original on 27 July 2023.Retrieved10 August2023.
  32. ^"Guatemala: cotejo del 93% no arroja cambios en la votación – DW – 07/07/2023".dw.com(in Spanish).Archivedfrom the original on 18 August 2023.Retrieved10 August2023.
  33. ^"TSE oficializa que Sandra Torres y Bernardo Arévalo disputarán la Presidencia en segunda vuelta y dice desconocer alcance de orden judicial"(in Spanish). 12 July 2023.Archivedfrom the original on 3 August 2023.Retrieved10 August2023.
  34. ^Menchu, Sofia (13 July 2023)."Fears for Guatemala's democracy after court excludes a top party from election".Reuters.Archivedfrom the original on 16 July 2023.Retrieved18 July2023.
  35. ^"Juzgado ordena la suspensión de la personalidad jurídica del Movimiento Semilla"(in Spanish). 12 July 2023.Archivedfrom the original on 13 July 2023.Retrieved10 August2023.
  36. ^"Inhabilitación de un partido político es una decisión que no corresponde a un juzgado, afirman expertos en derecho"(in Spanish). 13 July 2023.Archivedfrom the original on 29 July 2023.Retrieved10 August2023.
  37. ^Menchu, Sofia (13 July 2023)."Guatemala top court reverses ban on anti-graft presidential candidate".Reuters.Archivedfrom the original on 14 July 2023.Retrieved14 July2023.
  38. ^Tzoc, Hedy Quino (16 July 2023)."Continúan manifestaciones ciudadanas frente al MP; exigen la renuncia de Porras y Curruchiche".La Hora(in Spanish).Archivedfrom the original on 18 July 2023.Retrieved10 August2023.
  39. ^"Movimiento Semilla denuncia a juez y a fiscal del MP que gestionan suspensión del partido político"(in Spanish). 13 July 2023.Archivedfrom the original on 18 July 2023.Retrieved10 August2023.
  40. ^"Congresistas estadounidenses piden sancionar a responsables de Guatemala por" amenazas a la democracia "".Europa Press(in Spanish). 15 July 2023.Archivedfrom the original on 17 July 2023.Retrieved19 August2023.
  41. ^Ola, Ana Lucía (16 July 2023)."Uribe, Calderón, Aznar y otros 20 expresidentes de España y América comparten su" grave preocupación "por crisis electoral en Guatemala".Prensa Libre(in Spanish).Archivedfrom the original on 20 July 2023.Retrieved19 August2023.
  42. ^"Expresidentes condenan medidas inhabilitantes de candidatos en Guatemala y Argentina".Swissinfo(in Spanish). 17 July 2023.Archivedfrom the original on 27 August 2023.Retrieved19 August2023.
  43. ^"Bernardo Arévalo renuncia a la afiliación al partido Movimiento Semilla".www.soy502.com(in Spanish).Archivedfrom the original on 4 December 2023.Retrieved4 December2023.
  44. ^"Gabinete de Bernardo Arévalo: Presidente electo presenta a los nuevos ministros de Guatemala"(in Spanish). 8 January 2024.Archivedfrom the original on 8 January 2024.Retrieved8 January2024.
  45. ^"Gabinete de Bernardo Arévalo: Anayté Guardado declina a nombramiento como ministra de Energía y Minas por" la coyuntura que atraviesa el país ""(in Spanish). 10 January 2024.Archivedfrom the original on 17 January 2024.Retrieved18 January2024.
  46. ^"¡Renuncia! Anayté Guardado declina nombramiento para dirigir el MEM".www.soy502.com(in Spanish).Archivedfrom the original on 23 January 2024.Retrieved18 January2024.
  47. ^"Presidente Bernardo Arévalo juramenta a su gabinete de Gobierno".www.soy502.com(in Spanish).Archivedfrom the original on 15 January 2024.Retrieved18 January2024.
  48. ^"Discurso de Bernardo Arévalo:" Nunca más el autoritarismo, nunca más a la violencia o la arbitrariedad ""(in Spanish). 15 January 2024.Retrieved9 February2024.
  49. ^Menchu, Sofia (14 January 2024)."Tensions high outside Guatemala Congress as inauguration sessions delayed".Reuters.Archivedfrom the original on 15 January 2024.Retrieved14 January2024.
  50. ^D., Sonia Pérez (14 January 2024)."Guatemalans angered as president-elect's inauguration delayed by wrangling in Congress".Associated Press.Archivedfrom the original on 14 January 2024.Retrieved14 January2024.
  51. ^Hora, Redacción La (19 January 2024)."Bernardo Arévalo retira seguridad a exfuncionarios de Giammattei".La Hora(in Spanish).Archivedfrom the original on 20 January 2024.Retrieved20 January2024.
  52. ^España, Diego (28 December 2023)."Giammattei cubre a su círculo: ordena a la PNC dar seguridad a quienes dejen el gobierno".La Hora(in Spanish).Archivedfrom the original on 20 January 2024.Retrieved20 January2024.
  53. ^Tzoc, Hedy Quino (19 January 2024)."Bernardo Arévalo retira barreras metálicas frente a Casa Presidencial".La Hora(in Spanish).Retrieved2 April2024.
  54. ^"Retiran rejas del Palacio Nacional de la Cultura".Agencia Guatemalteca de Noticias(in Spanish). 19 January 2024.Retrieved2 April2024.
  55. ^"Con el nuevo gobierno aumentaron 43% las visitas al Palacio Nacional".Agencia Guatemalteca de Noticias(in Spanish). 16 February 2024.Retrieved2 April2024.
  56. ^"Francis Argueta es destituido como director de Aeronáutica Civil y nombran a su sustituta"(in Spanish). 5 February 2024.Retrieved9 February2024.
  57. ^"Gobierno de Arévalo destituye al director del INDE por" actos de corrupción "".www.soy502.com(in Spanish).Retrieved9 February2024.
  58. ^Véliz, Cristobal (2 February 2024)."Bernardo Arévalo destituye a encargada del Instituto de la Víctima y nombra sustituta".La Hora(in Spanish).Retrieved9 February2024.
  59. ^"Arévalo informa que 878 personas fueron retiradas de cargos de Estado"(in Spanish). 14 February 2024.Retrieved25 February2024.
  60. ^Luna, Astrid (9 February 2024)."President Arévalo announces a Special Group Against Extortion | GTNews - Guatemalan News Agency".Retrieved9 February2024.
  61. ^"Nuevo Grupo Especial contra las Extorsiones operará en zonas 6 y 12 y Villa Nueva"(in Spanish). 8 February 2024.Retrieved9 February2024.
  62. ^"El viaje de Arévalo: los puntos recorridos en el Viejo Continente"(in Spanish). 26 February 2024.Retrieved25 February2024.
  63. ^"Guatemalan Congress passes Cancer Care Law - Prensa Latina".9 March 2024.Retrieved2 April2024.
  64. ^"Presidente sanciona Ley de Atención Integral del Cáncer en Guatemala".Agencia Guatemalteca de Noticias(in Spanish). 22 March 2024.Retrieved2 April2024.
  65. ^"Politólogos detectan lentitud en la toma de decisiones por parte del gobierno de Guatemala".Prensa Libre(in Spanish). 11 February 2024.Retrieved18 March2024.
  66. ^Del Cid, Marvin; Figueroa, Sonny (4 April 2024)."Carros del Estado al servicio de la hija de la ministra de Ambiente".Vox Populi(in Spanish).Retrieved8 April2024.
  67. ^"Presidente Arévalo destituye a Ministra de Ambiente y Recursos Naturales"(in Spanish). 7 April 2024.Retrieved8 April2024.
  68. ^"Supervisan avance de construcción del metro de la Ciudad de Guatemala".Prensa Libre(in Spanish). 11 April 2024.Retrieved12 April2024.
  69. ^"Tras informe de 100 días de Gobierno, Bernardo Arévalo anuncia que solicitó reducir su salario".La Hora(in Spanish). 23 April 2024.Retrieved23 April2024.
  70. ^Vega, Juan Manuel (23 April 2024)."Presidente Bernardo Arévalo y vicepresidenta Karin Herrera rebajan 25 % de su salario - Agencia Guatemalteca de Noticias"(in Spanish).Retrieved24 April2024.
  71. ^"4,000 escuelas serán remozadas en 3 meses aseguró el Presidente Bernardo Arévalo – Liberal Gt"(in Spanish). 4 February 2024.Retrieved9 July2024.
  72. ^AGN (3 February 2024)."Gobierno impulsará remozamiento de 10 mil escuelas durante 2024 - Agencia Guatemalteca de Noticias"(in Spanish).Retrieved9 July2024.
  73. ^Vega, Juan Manuel (11 June 2024)."Antes y después: Las imágenes que muestran el cambio en las escuelas remozadas por el gobierno de Bernardo Arévalo - Agencia Guatemalteca de Noticias"(in Spanish).Retrieved9 July2024.
  74. ^"Arévalo destituye a ministra de Comunicaciones Jazmín de la Vega"(in Spanish). 17 May 2024.Retrieved28 May2024.
  75. ^España, Diego (6 May 2024)."Bernardo Arévalo deja en manos del Congreso propuesta de reformas al MP y salida de Porras".La Hora(in Spanish).Retrieved2 June2024.
  76. ^Hora, Redacción La (6 May 2024)."Esgrimiendo que Porras defiende corrupción, Arévalo recurre al Congreso para su remoción".La Hora(in Spanish).Retrieved2 June2024.
  77. ^"Presidente Arévalo se dirige al Congreso para entregar iniciativa de ley"(in Spanish). 6 May 2024.Retrieved2 June2024.
  78. ^"Arévalo's Reform Bill to Sack Consuelo Porras Stalls in Gridlocked Congress".Arévalo's Reform Bill to Sack Consuelo Porras Stalls in Gridlocked Congress.Retrieved2 June2024.
  79. ^Palomo, Pablo (1 June 2024)."Ampliación de tarifa social de energía eléctrica es una de las medidas para aliviar situación económica de los guatemaltecos - Agencia Guatemalteca de Noticias"(in Spanish).Retrieved2 June2024.
  80. ^Véliz, Cristobal (31 May 2024)."Amplían tarifa social de energía eléctrica; accederán consumidores con menos de 100 kilovatios hora al mes".La Hora(in Spanish).Retrieved2 June2024.
  81. ^Barrientos, Miguel (5 September 2024)."Guatemala acogerá a 135" presos políticos "que Nicaragua dejará libres por gestión de EE. UU".Prensa Libre(in Spanish).Retrieved5 September2024.
  82. ^Pérez, Karina (11 May 2024)."Comunidad palestina califica voto de Guatemala en la ONU como paso hacia la paz".La Hora(in Spanish).Retrieved2 June2024.
  83. ^Coromac, Daniel (2 August 2024)."Guatemala desconoce resultados electorales de Venezuela - Agencia Guatemalteca de Noticias"(in Spanish).Retrieved19 August2024.
  84. ^Larios, AGN-Brenda (5 August 2024)."Gobierno de Guatemala no reconoce a Nicolás Maduro como presidente electo de Venezuela - Agencia Guatemalteca de Noticias"(in Spanish).Retrieved19 August2024.
  85. ^abGonzalez, Luis (14 February 2023)."Bernardo Arévalo de Semilla dice cómo harán para formalizar a los que" comercian sin tributar ""[Bernardo Arévalo de Semilla says how he will formalise those who "trade without taxation" ].República.gt(in Spanish).Archivedfrom the original on 24 August 2023.Retrieved8 July2023.
  86. ^abc"[2023]Plan_de_Gobierno_Semilla.pdf".Google Docs.Archivedfrom the original on 18 July 2023.Retrieved18 July2023.
  87. ^Garcia, Enrique (28 June 2023)."Guatemalan presidential contender pitches closer China ties".Reuters.Archivedfrom the original on 22 September 2023.Retrieved21 July2023.
  88. ^González, Ana (20 July 2023)."Bernardo Arévalo del partido Semilla promoverá ley de inversiones para permitir empresas con capital público y privado".República.gt(in Spanish).Archivedfrom the original on 20 August 2023.Retrieved21 July2023.
  89. ^Vílchez, Dánae (21 July 2023)."Guatemala election: Candidate's office raided after vow to curb corruption".openDemocracy.Archivedfrom the original on 23 August 2023.Retrieved23 August2023.
  90. ^García, Manuel (16 March 2022)."Oficialismo protegió a Giammattei sobre petición de cancelar contrato minero y Sputnik V".La Hora(in Spanish).Archivedfrom the original on 16 April 2023.Retrieved8 July2023.
  91. ^ab"Bernardo Arévalo: el izquierdista «amable» y católico que presidirá Guatemala".El Debate(in Spanish). 22 August 2023.
  92. ^Garcia, Jovanna (17 August 2023)."Bernardo Arévalo, un hombre de consensos".No-Ficción(in Spanish).Archivedfrom the original on 18 August 2023.Retrieved19 August2023.
  93. ^Mejia, Seline (25 June 2023)."El candidato Bernardo Arévalo ya emitió su voto".Soy 502(in Spanish).Archivedfrom the original on 28 June 2023.Retrieved19 August2023.
  94. ^"How TikTokers and Swifties became political power brokers in Guatemala".The Washington Post.1 December 2023.Retrieved9 August2024.
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related toBernardo Arévalo de León.
Wikiquote has quotations related toBernardo Arévalo.
Party political offices
Preceded by Semillanominee for President of Guatemala
2023 		Most recent
Political offices
Preceded by President of Guatemala
2024–present 		Incumbent
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bernardo_Arévalo&oldid=1247884152"