Bettino Ricasoli
Bettino Ricasoli | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Prime Minister of Italy | |
| In office 20 June 1866 – 10 April 1867 | |
| Monarch | Victor Emmanuel II |
| Preceded by | Alfonso Ferrero La Marmora |
| Succeeded by | Urbano Rattazzi |
| In office 12 June 1861 – 3 March 1862 | |
| Monarch | Victor Emmanuel II |
| Preceded by | Count Cavour |
| Succeeded by | Urbano Rattazzi |
| Member of the Italian Chamber of Deputies | |
| In office 18 February 1861 – 23 October 1880 | |
| Constituency | Florence |
| Mayor of Florence | |
| In office 13 December 1847 – 16 November 1848 | |
| Monarch | Leopold II |
| Preceded by | Vincenzo Peruzzi |
| Succeeded by | Ubaldino Peruzzi |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 9 March 1809 Florence,Arno,French Empire |
| Died | 23 October 1880(aged 71) Brolio Castle,Gaiole in Chianti,Kingdom of Italy |
| Nationality | French-Italian |
| Political party | Historical Right |
| Spouse | Anna Bonaccorsi |
| Children | Elisabetta |
| Education | Cicognini College |
| Profession | Landowner |
| Signature |  |
Bettino Ricasoli, 1st Count of Brolio, 2nd Baron Ricasoli(Italian pronunciation:[betˈtiːnoriˈkaːzoli];9 March 1809 – 23 October 1880) was anItalianstatesman.[1]He was a central figure in the politics of Italy during and after theunification of Italy.He led theModerate Party.[2]
Biography
[edit]Ricasoli was born inFlorence.Left an orphan at eighteen, with an estate heavily in debt, he was by special decree of the grand duke of Tuscany declared of age and entrusted with the guardianship of his younger brothers. He was Catholic.[2]
Interrupting his studies, he withdrew toBrolio,and by careful management disencumbered the family possessions. In 1847 he founded the journalLa Patria,and addressed to the grand duke a memorial suggesting remedies for the difficulties of the state. In 1848 he was electedGonfaloniereofFlorence,but resigned on account of the anti-Liberal tendencies of the grand duke.[3]
As Tuscan minister of the interior in 1859 he promoted the union of Tuscany withPiedmont,which took place on March 12, 1860. Elected Italian deputy in 1861, he succeededCavourin thepremiership.As premier he admitted theGaribaldianvolunteers to the regular army, revoked the decree of exile againstMazzini,and attempted reconciliation with theVatican;but his efforts were rendered ineffectual by thenon possumusof the pope.[3]
Disdainful of the intrigues of his rivalRattazzi,he found himself obliged in 1862 to resign office, but returned to power in 1866. On this occasion he refusedNapoleon III's offer to cedeVenetiato Italy, on condition that Italy should abandon thePrussianalliance, and also refused the Prussian decoration of the Black Eagle becauseLa Marmora,author of the alliance, was not to receive it.[3]
Upon the departure of the French troops from Rome at the end of 1866 he again attempted to conciliate the Vatican with a convention, in virtue of which Italy would have restored to the Church the property of the suppressed religious orders in return for the gradual payment of 24,000,000. In order to mollify the Vatican he conceded theexequaturto forty-five bishops inimical to the Italian régime. The Vatican accepted his proposal, but the Italian Chamber proved refractory, and, though dissolved by Ricasoli, returned more hostile than before. Without waiting for a vote, Ricasoli resigned office and thenceforward practically disappeared from political life, speaking in the Chamber only upon rare occasions. He died at hisCastello di Brolioon 23 October 1880.[3]
The barone created the modern recipe ofChianti wine;though a formula of specific grape percentages is often erroneously attributed to him, his switch in focus to Sangiovese as the lead grape in the blend would have lasting implications for both Tuscan and Italian wine. The family named firm (Ricasoli 1141) still produces wine at Brolio.[4]
His private life and public career were marked by the utmost integrity, and by a rigid austerity which earned him the name of theIron Baron.In spite of the failure of his ecclesiastical scheme, he remains one of the most noteworthy figures of the ItalianRisorgimento.[3]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^Il fantasma di Bettino. Genesi di uno spettro: la leggenda del barone Bettino Ricasoli
- ^abLangdon, Wm. Chauncy (1890)."Italy and the Vatican: The Politico-Ecclesiastical Policy of Baron Ricasoli".Political Science Quarterly.5(3): 487–506.doi:10.2307/2139260.JSTOR2139260.
- ^abcdeOne or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in thepublic domain:Steed, Henry Wickham(1911). "Ricasoli, Bettino, Baron".InChisholm, Hugh(ed.).Encyclopædia Britannica.Vol. 23 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 287–288.Endnotes:
- Tabarrini and Gotti,Lettere e documenti del barone Bettino Ricasoli,10 vols. (Florence, 1886–1894)
- Passerini,Genealogia e storia della famiglia Ricasoli(ibid. 1861)
- Gotti,Vita del barone Bettino Ricasoli(ibid. 1894).
- ^ Madaio, Mike(March 1, 2021)."Chianti: The Myth of the Famous Ricasoli 'Recipe'".Medium.Retrieved2021-03-06.
External links
[edit]- Discorsi dei ministri Ricasoli Bettino, Migletti, Della Rovere, Peruzzi, Menabrea, e Cordova sulla Questione Romana e Sulla Condizione Provencie Napoletane
- Barone Ricasolifamily Chianti Classico winery's - Ricasoli history
- 1809 births
- 1880 deaths
- Politicians from Florence
- Grand Duchy of Tuscany people
- Counts in Italy
- Italian Roman Catholics
- Historical Right politicians
- Ministers of the interior of Italy
- Ministers of war of Italy
- Prime ministers of Italy
- Foreign ministers of Italy
- Deputies of Legislature VIII of the Kingdom of Italy
- Deputies of Legislature IX of the Kingdom of Italy
- Deputies of Legislature X of the Kingdom of Italy
- Deputies of Legislature XI of the Kingdom of Italy
- Deputies of Legislature XII of the Kingdom of Italy
- Deputies of Legislature XIII of the Kingdom of Italy
- Deputies of Legislature XIV of the Kingdom of Italy
- Politicians from Tuscany
- Italian people of the Italian unification
- Italian newspaper founders
- Knights of the Order of Saint Joseph