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Corentin Louis Kervran

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"Biological transmutation" redirects here. For Lamarck's theory on the evolution of species, seeTransmutation of species.
Corentin Louis Kervran
Born3 March 1901
Quimper, Finistère
Died2 February 1983
Quimper, Finistère
Occupation(s)Engineer, writer

Corentin Louis Kervran(3 March 1901 – 2 February 1983) was a French scientist. Kervran was born inQuimper, Finistère(Brittany), and received a degree as an engineer in 1925. In World War II he was part of theFrench Resistance.[1][2]

Kervran proposed thatnuclear transmutationoccurs in living organisms, which he called "biological transmutation".[3]He made this claim after experimenting with chickens, which he believed showed that they were generating calcium in their eggshells while there was no calcium in their food or soil. He had no known scientific explanation for it. Such transmutations are not possible according to knownphysics,chemistry,andbiology.[3]Proponents of biological transmutations fall outside mainstreamphysicsand are not part of accepted scientific discourse.[4][5]Kervran's ideas about biological transmutation have no scientific basis and are considered discredited.[3]

Biological transmutation[edit]

In the 1960s, Kervran claimed to have conducted experiments and studies demonstrating violations of thelaw of conservation of massby biological systems, according to which the amount of each chemical element is preserved in all chemical reactions. He claimed that organisms can transmute potassium into calcium bynuclear fusionin the course of making an eggshell:

39
19K
+1
1H
→40
20Ca

Since biological systems do not contain mechanisms to produce the speed, temperature, and pressure necessary for such reactions, even for extremely short periods, this contradicts basic physical laws.[4]

Kervran said that prior studies and reports of industrial carbon monoxide accidents supported his work.[6][7]Kervran said thatenzymescan facilitate biological transmutations using theweak nuclear force,by what he called "neutral currents."[8]His response to criticism was to claim thatphysical lawsdo not apply to biological reactions, which contradicts the mainstream understanding that physical laws apply for all scales and conditions.[4]

Kervran suggested that under the right conditions, potassium could combine with hydrogen to form calcium.[3]He questioned how chickens fed a diet ofoatscould produce eggshells composed ofcalcium carbonateand concluded that the potassium in the oats must combine with hydrogen to produce the calcium.[3]He considered this a "low-energy transmutation" which became known as the "Kervran effect". There is no scientific basis for such an effect.[3]

Italian researchers who studied Kervran's theory in controlled conditions observed no transmutation.[3]Contrary to what Kervran argued, oats are not devoid of calcium. If there isn't enough calcium in a chicken's diet, they will mobilize calcium from their bones.[3]In modern times, chicken feed is often supplemented to ensure adequate calcium intake. Science writerJoe Schwarczhas written that "the bottom line is that the Kervran effect doesn't exist... [he] simply came to the wrong conclusion based on some faulty observations."[3]

In 1993, Kervran was awarded a parodicIg Nobelprize in Physics due to his "improbable research" in biological transmutation. The award description called him an "ardent admirer of alchemy."[9]

Organic farming[edit]

Organic farmersRaoul Lemaire (1884–1972) and Jean Boucher promoted Kervran's discredited theory of biological transmutation, incorporating it into the Lemaire-Boucher organic farming method in the 1960s.[10]They argued that theirLithothamnion-based fertilizer known as Calmagol underwent biological transmutation by transitioning calcium into potassium.[10][11]Kervran took an interest in organic farming and was a contributor to Henri-Charles Geffroy'sLa Vie Clairemagazine.[10]Kervran's biological transmutation also influenced the macrobiotic diet ofGeorge Ohsawa.[11]His bookBiological Transmutationswas first translated by Michel Abehsera, an Ohsawa disciple, in 1972.[12]

Books[edit]

In French:

  • Transmutations Biologiques: Métabolismes Aberrants de l'Azote, le Potassium et le Magnésium(1962) Paris: Librairie Maloine S.A. (2nd ed. 1963, 3rd ed. 1965)
  • Transmutations naturelles non radioactives; une propriete nouvelle de la matiereParis: Librairie Maloine, (1963)OCLC21388057
  • Transmutations à la faible énergie: synthèse et développements(1964) Paris: MaloineOCLC35460556
  • A la découverte des transmutations biologiques: une explication des phénomènes biologiques aberrants(1966) Paris: Le Courrier du livreOCLC30562980
  • Preuves Relatives à l'Existence des Transmutations Biologiques(1968) Paris: Librairie Maloine S.A.
  • Transmutations biologiques en agronomie(1970) Paris: Librairie Maloine S.A.
  • Preuves en géologie et physique de transmutations à faible énergie(1973) Paris: MaloineISBN2-224-00053-7OCLC914685
  • Preuves en biologie de transmutations à faible énergie(1975) Paris, Maloine, S.A.ISBN2-224-00178-9OCLC1603879,(2nd edition, 1995).
  • Transmutations Biologique et Physique Moderne(1982) Paris: Librairie Maloine S.A.

English translations:

  • Biological TransmutationsC. Louis Kervran, translation and adaptation by Michel Abehsera, 1989, 1998 (first published in 1972)ISBN0-916508-47-1OCLC301517796(extract of three of Kervran's books)
  • Biological transmutations,revised and edited by Herbert & Elizabeth Rosenauer, London, Crosby Lockwood 1972 (reprinted by Beekman, New York, in 1998 underISBN0-8464-0195-9)
  • Biological Transmutation. Natural Alchemy.Louis Kervran and George Ohsawa, George Ohsawa Macrobiotic Foundation, Oroville, California, USA 1971 (reprinted 1975, 1976) 48 pages.

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^"Les transmutations".
  2. ^"C. Louis Kervran and Biological Transmutations".C. Louis Kervran and Biological Transmutations.Retrieved2019-08-01.
  3. ^abcdefghiSchwarcz, Joe. (2014).Is that a Fact?: Frauds, Quacks, and the Real Science of Everyday Life.ECW Press. pp. 40-43.ISBN978-1-77041-190-6
  4. ^abcTibor Müller, Harmund Müller (2003),Modelling in natural sciences: design, validation, and case studies(illustrated ed.), Springer, pp. 24–29,ISBN3-540-00153-0
  5. ^Robert Sheaffer(September–October 1998), "Uncritical Publicity for Supposed 'Independent UFO Investigation' Demonstrates Media Gullibility",Skeptical Inquirer,vol. 22, no. 5,[TheJournal of Scientific Explorationhas the intention] to publish supposedly scientific papers on '[list of paranormal and pseudoscientific topics], apparent chemical or biological transmutation (alchemy), etc.' Despite the impressive jargon and, in some cases, the impressive academic degrees of the authors, these papers have been absolutely unconvincing to mainstream scientific journals and organizations, and, far from pointing the way to further research, they have been quite deliberately ignored.
  6. ^Louis C. KervranPreuves en Biologie de Transmutations à Faible Énergie,Paris 1975, Maloine,ISBN2-224-00178-9.
  7. ^Kervran, C. Louis (1962).Transmutations Biologique.Paris: Librairie Maloine S.A. pp. 36–40 (see Fig. 10).
  8. ^Louis Kervran, "Biological evidence of low energy transmutations", Maloine, 1975 (See "Final Note" by Costa de Beauregard)
  9. ^Winners of the Ig Nobel Prize,Improbable Research, August 2006
  10. ^abcBivar, Venus. (2018).Organic Resistance: The Struggle Over Industrial Farming in Postwar France.University of North Carolina Press. pp. 128-130.ISBN978-1469641195
  11. ^abJakobsson, Christine. (2012).Sustainable Agriculture.Baltic University Press. pp. 260-261.ISBN978-9186189105
  12. ^Raso, Jack. (1993).Mystical Diets: Paranormal, Spiritual, and Occult Nutrition Practices.Prometheus Books. p. 27.ISBN0-87975-761-2

Further reading[edit]

  • Corentin Louis Kervran: "Hors-d'œuvre", an autobiographical note inPreuves en Biologie de Transmutations a Faible EnergieParis: Maloine S.A., 1975
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