Bishop of St Davids
Bishop ofSt Davids | |
---|---|
Bishopric | |
anglican | |
![]() Coat of arms | |
Incumbent: Dorrien Davies | |
Location | |
Ecclesiastical province | Wales |
Information | |
First holder | Saint David |
Established | 6th century |
Diocese | St Davids |
Cathedral | St Davids Cathedral |
TheBishop of St Davidsis theordinaryof theChurch in WalesDiocese of St Davids.
The succession of bishops stretches back toSaint Davidwho in the 6th century established his seat in what is today thecity of St DavidsinPembrokeshire,foundingSt Davids Cathedral.The most recent former bishop of St Davids wasJoanna Penberthy,[1]who retired on 31 July 2023. On 17 October 2023,Dorrien Davies,Archdeacon of Carmarthen,waselectedto become the next Bishop;[2]theconfirmationof his election (where he legally became Bishop) happened on 29 November 2023 and his episcopal consecration took place on 27 January 2024 atBangor Cathedral.[3]
History[edit]
The history of the diocese of St Davids is traditionally traced to that saint in the latter half of the 6th century. Records of the history of the diocese beforeNormantimes are very fragmentary, however, consisting of a few chance references in old chronicles, such as 'Annales Cambriae' and 'Brut y Tywysogion' (Rolls Series).
Originally corresponding with the boundaries ofDyfed(Demetia), St Davids eventually comprised all the country south of theRiver Dyfiand west of the English border, with the exception of the greater part ofGlamorganshire,in all some 3,500 square miles (9,100 km2).
Claim of metropolitan status[edit]
The early ecclesiastical organisation of the Welsh church is unclear but scanty references reveal that some form of archbishopric definitely existed, with multiple bishops under the jurisdiction of a senior see. One of the earliest mentions of the religious community atSt Davids Cathedralcomes in the work ofAsserwho was trained there. In hisLife of King Alfredc. 893 Asser clearly describes his kinsman, Nobis, also of St Davids, asArchbishop.In theAnnales Cambriae,Elfoddis termed 'archbishop of the land of Gwynedd’ in his obit, under the year 809.[4]
Rhygyfarch's Life ofSaint David(c. 1090) states Saint David was anointed as an archbishop by thePatriarch of Jerusalem,a position confirmed at theSynod of Llanddewi Brefiby popular acclaim.
Then, blessed and extolled by the mouth of all, he is with the consent of all the bishops, kings, princes, nobles, and all grades of the whole Britannic race, made archbishop, and his monastery too is declared the metropolis of the whole country, so that whoever ruled it should be accounted archbishop.[5]
Rhygyfarch's claim may be dubious history, but there can be little doubt he was reflecting a pre-existing tradition. It is unclear when St Davids came definitely under the metropolitan jurisdiction of theArchbishop of Canterbury,but about 1115 KingHenry Iintruded a Norman into the see,Bernard, Bishop of St Davids,who prior to his ordination was confirmed by Canterbury, much to the disgust of theBrut y Tywysogyonwhich noted that Henry I 'made him bishop in Menevia in contempt of the clerics of the Britons’. Once in place Bernard became convinced that St Davids was aMetropolitanarchbishopric (and thus of the same status as Canterbury). Bernard in the 1120s claimed metropolitan jurisdiction over Wales and presented his suit unsuccessfully before six successive popes.Pope Eugenius IIIwas giving the case serious consideration, the issue was to be put to the synod summoned to meet atRheimsin March 1148, but the death of Bernard meant the case lapsed.[6]The idea of Archbishops in Wales was also reflected in the work ofGeoffrey of Monmouth.The claim was afterwards revived in the time ofGerald of Waleswho pressed it vigorously. The failure of Gerald's campaign saw the claim lapse but it was revived byOwain Glyndŵr's plan for an independent Welsh Church. The idea was also revived in the Reformation: BishopRichard Daviesin the 'Address to the Welsh nation' prefixed to the translation into Welsh of the New Testament by him andWilliam Salesburyreferred to 'Archbishop David'. It was only in 1920 that anArchbishop of Waleswas re-established.
Further history[edit]
The building of the present St Davids Cathedral was begun under BishopPeter de Leia(1176–1198). In the troubled times of theReformationthe former bishop of St Davids,William Barlow(1536–1548), was aconsecratorof ArchbishopMatthew Parkerin 1559.
At theEnglish Reformationthe See ceased to be in communion with Rome, but it continued as a See of theChurch of England,and, sincedisestablishment,of theChurch in Wales.
List of bishops[edit]
Pre-Reformation bishops[edit]
Accounts of the early incumbents on the list are conflicting.
Nominal archbishops[edit]
Pre-Reformation Bishops of St Davids Exerting Metropolitan Authority | |||
---|---|---|---|
From | Until | Incumbent | Notes |
unknown | Saint Dyfrig | Also known as Dubricius. AtCaerleon. | |
unknown | Saint David | Also known as Dafydd, Dewi Sant. Moved diocese to Meneva (St. Davids). | |
unknown | Cynog | Also known as Cenauc | |
unknown | Saint Telio | Also known as Eliud, Teilaus | |
unknown | Saint Ceneu | Also known as Kenea | |
unknown | Morfael | Also known as Morwal, Morvael | |
unknown | Haernynin | Also known as Haerwnen, Haernunen, Haernurier | |
unknown | Elwaed | Also known as Elfaed, Elvaeth, Elbodus of Gwynedd | |
unknown | Gurnuru | Also known as Gwrnwen, Gurnuen, Gurnel | |
unknown | Llunwerth I | Also known as Lendivord, Leudinord, Lendywyth | |
unknown | Gwrgwst | Also known as Gorwysc, Gorwyst | |
unknown | Gwrgan | Also known as Gogan, Gorgan | |
unknown | Clydog | Also known as Cledauc | |
unknown | Einion | Also known as Anian, Einaen | |
unknown | c. 809 | Elfodd | Also known as Elbodg, Elvoed, Elbodu, Eludoeth, Elbodius, Elffod (may have been also/insteadBishop of Bangor) |
c. 809 | unknown | Ethelman | Also known as Ethelmen, Eldunen |
unknown | Elaunc | Also known as Elanc, Elnaeth | |
unknown | Maelsgwyd | Also known as Malscoed, Maelskwythe | |
unknown | c. 831 | Sadyrnfyw the Generous | Also known as Sadyrnfyw Hael, Sadwrnfen, Sadurnven, Sadermen, Madenew |
c. 831 | unknown | Cadell | Also known as Catellus, Catulus |
unknown | c. 841 | Sulhaithnay | Also known as Sulnay |
c. 841 | c. 873 | Nobis | Also known as Novis, Novus, Namis, Nonis |
c. 873 | unknown | Idwal | Also known as Etwal, Doythwall |
unknown | c. 906 | Asser | |
c. 906 | unknown | Arthwael | Also known as Arthfael, Arthmail, Arthvael, Alhuael, Arthuael |
unknown | Samson | Also known as Sampson | |
unknown | Ruelin | Also known as Ruclinus | |
unknown | Rhydderch | Also known as Rodherich; as Riderch, placedc. 945–c. 965after BishopMorfywin theAnnals of Wales(B text)[7] | |
unknown | Elwyn | Also known as Elguni | |
unknown | c. 944 | Llunwerth II | Also known as Lunverd, Lumberth, Lywarch, Luvert |
c. 944 | c. 945 | Morfyw | Also known as Morbiw, Morcleis, Morlei |
c. 945 | c. 946 | Eneuris | Also known as Everus or Eueuris |
c. 946 | unknown | Nathan | |
unknown | Ieuan | Also known as Jevan, Evan, &c. In office for one night. | |
unknown | Arwystl | Also known as Argustel | |
unknown | c. 999 | Morgeneu I | Also known as Morgenveth, Morgeney, Uregeneu |
c. 999 | c. 1023 | Morgeneu II | Also known as Morgynnyd |
c. 1023 | c. 1039 | Erbin | Also known as Ervin, Heurun, Hernun, Herbin |
c. 1039 | c. 1055 | Trahaearn | Also Tramerin, Carmerin |
c. 1055 | c. 1063 | Joseph | Also Joseff |
c. 1063 | c. 1071 | Bleiddud | Also Beithyd, Bledud, Bleddud |
c. 1071 | c. 1076 | Sulien | Also Sulghein, Sulgenius. Resigned. |
c. 1076 | c. 1078 | Abraham | Killed. |
c. 1078 | c. 1085 | Sulien | Restored. |
c. 1085 | c. 1096 | Rhigyfarch | Also known as Rythmarch, Rikemarth. Composed influentialLife of St. David.Possibly never consecrated. |
c. 1096 | 1115 | Wilfrid | Also known as Griffri |
1115 | (Daniel) | Also known as Deiniol. Elected but set aside; became Archdeacon of Powys instead. | |
Source(s):[8][9][10] |
Suffragan bishops[edit]
Pre-Reformation Bishops of St. Davids Suffragan to Canterbury | |||
---|---|---|---|
From | Until | Incumbent | Notes |
1115 | c. 1147 | Bernard | Chancellor toQueen Adelize;madesuffragansofCanterbury;consecrated 19 September 1115; possibly died 22 April 1148 |
c. 1147 | 1176 | David FitzGerald | Previously Archdeacon of Cardigan; consecrated bishop 19 December 1147 or 1148; died 8 May 1176 |
1176 | 1198 | Peter de Leia | Previously Prior of Wenlock; consecrated bishop 7 November 1176; died 16 July 1198 |
1199 | 1203 | (Gerald of Wales) | Also known as Gerallt Gymro, Giraldus Cambrensis, Gerald the Welshman, Gerald de Barri; nephew of David FitzGerald; elected 29 June 1199, but assent refused byKing John;continued as bishop-elect until resigned in 1203; diedc. 1223 |
1203 | 1214 | Geoffrey de Henlaw | Also known as Geoffrey of Hennelawe; nominated in July 1199, but not consecrated until 7 December 1203; died in office |
1215 | 1229 | Iorwerth | Also known as Gervase; elected before 18 June and consecrated 21 June 1215; died before 27 January 1229 |
1230 | 1247 | Anselm le Gros | Also known as Anselm the Fat, Anselm de la Grace, Anselm de Gras; elected before 7 April 1229; received possession of thetemporalities20 November 1230; consecrated 9 February 1231; died before 2 April 1247 |
1248 | 1256 | Thomas Wallensis | Also known as Thomas le Waleyes, Thomas the Welshman; elected sometime between 16 April and 16 July 1247; received possession of the temporalities 26 September 1247; consecrated 26 July 1248; died 11 July 1255 |
1256 | 1280 | Richard Carew | Elected after 4 August 1255; consecrated sometime between 11 February 10 March 1256; died 1 April 1280 |
1280 | 1293 | Thomas Bek | Also known as Thomas Beck, Thomas Becke; elected before 17 June and consecrated 6 October 1280; died 14 April 1293 |
1296 | 1328 | David Martin | Also known as David Martyn; elected in June 1293; received possession of the temporalities 11 October 1293; consecrated 30 September 1296; died 9 March 1328 |
1328 | 1347 | Henry Gower | Elected 21 April 1328; received possession of the temporalities 26 May 1328; consecrated 12 June 1328; died before 4 May 1347 |
1347 | 1349 | John of Thoresby | Appointed 23 May 1347; received possession of the temporalities 14 July 1347; consecrated 23 September 1347; translated toWorcester4 September 1349 |
1350 | 1352 | Reginald Brian | Appointed 11 September 1349; received possession of the temporalities 15 January 1350; consecrated 26 September 1350; translated toWorcester22 October 1352 |
1353 | 1361 | Thomas Fastolf | Appointed 22 October 1352; received possession of the temporalities 4 June 1353; died in June 1361 |
1361 | 1389 | Adam Houghton | Appointed 20 September 1361; received possession of the temporalities 8 December 1361; consecrated 2 January 1362; also wasLord Chancellor1377–1378; died 13 February 1389 |
1389 | (Richard Mitford) | Elected but set aside by thepope | |
1389 | 1397 | John Gilbert | Translated fromHereford;received possession of the temporalities 12 July 1389; died 28 July 1397 |
1397 | 1407 | Guy Mone | Appointed 30 August and consecrated 11 November 1397; also wasLord High Treasurerin 1398; died 31 August 1407 |
1408 | 1414 | Henry Chichele | Consecrated 17 June 1408; translated toCanterbury27 April 1414 |
1414 | 1415 | John Catterick | Appointed 27 April and received possession of thetemporalities2 June 1414; translated toCoventry and Lichfield1 February 1415 |
1415 | 1417 | Stephen Patrington | Appointed 1 February and consecrated 9 June 1415; received possession of the temporalities 16 June 1514; translated toChichester15 December 1417 |
1417 | 1433 | Benedict Nichols | Translated fromBangor15 December 1417 and received possession of thetemporalities1 June 1418; died in office 25 June 1433 |
1433 | 1442 | Thomas Rodburn | Also known as Thomas Rudborne and Redebourne;[11]previously Archdeacon of Sudbury; appointed 8 October and received possession of the temporalities 16 December 1433; consecrated 31 January 1434; died before 27 June 1442 |
1442 | 1446 | William Lyndwood | Appointed 27 June and received possession of thetemporalities14 August 1442; consecrated 26 August 1442; also wasLord Privy Seal1432–1443; died in office 21 October 1446 |
1447 | John Langton | Appointed 23 January and received possession of the temporalities 2 March 1447; consecrated 7 May 1447; also wasChancellor of the University of Cambridge1436–1445 and 1447; died in office 22 May 1447 | |
1447 | 1460 | John De la Bere | Previously Dean ofWells;appointed 15 September and received possession of thetemporalities14 November 1447; consecrated 19 November 1447; resigned before 23 July 1460 |
1460 | c.1481 | Robert Tully | Previously a monk atGloucester Abbey;appointed 23 July and consecrated after 28 August 1460; died circa 1481 |
1482 | 1483 | Richard Martyn | Also spelled Martin; formerlyBishop-designate of Waterford and Lismore;appointed Bishop of St Davids 26 April and consecrated 28 July 1482; also was a Privy Councillor toEdward IV;died in office 11 May 1483 |
1483 | 1485 | Thomas Langton | FormerlyPrebendaryofWells;appointed 4 July and consecrated sometime in August or September 1483; received possession of thetemporalities25 March 1484; translated toSalisbury8 February 1485 |
1485 | 1496 | Hugh Pavy | Previously Archdeacon ofWiltshire;appointed 6 May 1485 and received possession of thetemporalitiesthe same year; consecrated 9 October 1485; died sometime between 3 May and 3 August 1496 |
1496 | 1504 | John Morgan | Also known as John Young; previouslyDean of Windsor;appointed 3 August and received possession of thetemporalities23 November 1496; died in office sometime between 24 April and 19 May 1504 |
1505 | 1508 | Robert Sherborne | PreviouslyDean of St Paul's,London; appointed 5 January and received possession of the temporalities 12 April 1505; consecrated 11 May 1505; translated toChichester18 September 1508 |
1509 | 1522 | Edward Vaughan | FormerlyPrebendaryofSt Paul's,London; appointed 13 June and consecrated 22 July 1509; died in office before 27 January 1522 |
1523 | 1536 | Richard Rawlins | PreviouslyWarden of Merton College, OxfordandPrebendaryofSt Paul's,London; appointed 11 March and consecrated 26 April 1523; died in office 18 February 1536 |
Source(s):[8][9][10][12] |
Bishops during the Reformation[edit]
Bishops of St Davids during the Reformation | |||
---|---|---|---|
From | Until | Incumbent | Notes |
1536 | 1548 | William Barlow | FormerlyBishop-elect of St Asaph;elected Bishop of St Davids 10 April and consecrated in June 1536; translated toBath & Wellsin 1548 |
1549 | 1554 | Robert Ferrar | Consecrated 9 September 1548; deprived byQueen Maryin March 1554;burned at the stake30 March 1555 |
1554 | 1559 | Henry Morgan | Principal of St Edward's Hall, Oxford; consecrated 1 April 1554; deprived byElizabeth Iin the summer of 1559; died 23 December 1559 |
Source(s):[9][10][13] |
Post-Reformation bishops[edit]
Bishops of theChurch of England[edit]
Bishops of St Davids | |||
---|---|---|---|
From | Until | Incumbent | Notes |
1560 | 1561 | ![]() |
Previously Chancellor ofSt Davids;consecrated 21 January 1560; translated toYork25 February 1561 |
1561 | 1581 | ![]() |
Translated fromSt Asaph21 May 1561; died in office in October or November 1581 |
1582 | 1592 | ![]() |
Translated fromWaterford and Lismore30 November 1582; deprived circa 1590–1592; died in exile 1593 |
1590/92 | 1594 | See vacant | |
1594 | 1615 | ![]() |
PreviouslyDean of Gloucester;consecrated bishop 9 June 1594; died in office 7 March 1615 |
1615 | 1621 | ![]() |
PreviouslyDean of Rochester;consecrated bishop 9 July 1615; translated toCarlislein 1621 |
1621 | 1627 | ![]() |
PreviouslyDean of Gloucester;consecrated bishop 18 November 1621; translated toBath & Wells18 September 1626 |
1627 | 1635 | ![]() |
Translated fromLlandaff12 July 1627; translated toHereford23 December 1635 |
1635 | 1646 | ![]() |
PreviouslyDean of Worcester;consecrated bishop 28 February 1636; deprived of the see when the English episcopacy was abolished by Parliament on 9 October 1646; died 1 July 1653 |
1646 | 1660 | The see was abolished during theCommonwealthand theProtectorate[14][15] | |
1660 | 1677 | ![]() |
PreviouslyRectorofHighclere;consecrated bishop 2 December 1660; died in office 4 October 1677 |
1677 | 1683 | ![]() |
PreviouslyDean of Worcester;consecrated bishop of St Davids in early 1678; translated toWorcester27 August 1683 |
1683 | 1686 | ![]() |
Previously Archdeacon of Suffolk; consecrated bishop 11 November 1683; died in office 12 March 1686 |
1686 | 1687 | ![]() |
Previously Principal ofJesus College, Oxford;consecrated bishop 17 October 1686; died in office 1687 |
1687 | 1699 | ![]() |
FellowofSt John's College, Cambridge;consecrated bishop 26 June 1687; suspended 21 August 1694 and deprived 3 August 1699 for crimes includingsimony;died 3 June 1717 |
1699 | 1705 | See vacant | |
1705 | 1710 | ![]() |
Previously Archdeacon of Llandaff; consecrated bishop 29 April 1705; died in office 17 February 1710 |
1710 | 1713 | ![]() |
Consecrated bishop 19 November 1710; translated toHereford16 February 1713 |
1713 | 1723 | ![]() |
Previously Archdeacon of Salop and Prebendary of Hereford; consecrated bishop 15 March 1713; died in office 3 October 1723 |
1724 | 1731 | ![]() |
Previously Treasurer ofLlandaff;consecrated bishop 3 February 1724; translated toLichfield & Coventry20 February 1731 |
1731 | ![]() |
PreviouslyDean of Canterbury;consecrated bishop 11 April 1731; translated toGloucester2 November 1731 | |
1732 | 1743 | ![]() |
PreviouslyDean of Rochester;consecrated bishop 23 January 1732; translated toExeter2 August 1742 |
1743 | ![]() |
PreviouslyDean of Lincoln;consecrated bishop 2 January 1743; translated toBath & Wells12 December 1743 | |
1744 | 1752 | ![]() |
Previously a Canon ofWindsor;consecrated bishop 1 April 1744; translated toDurham7 December 1752 |
1752 | 1761 | ![]() |
FormerlyPrebendaryofGloucester;consecrated bishop 31 March 1753; died in office 16 January 1761 |
1761 | 1766 | ![]() |
PreviouslyDean of Bristol;consecrated bishop 24 March 1761; died in office 7 May 1766 |
1766 | ![]() |
FormerlyPrebendaryofDurham;consecrated bishop 15 June 1766; translated toOxford16 October 1766 | |
1766 | 1774 | ![]() |
Previously Archdeacon of Colchester; consecrated bishop 30 November 1766; translated toBath & Wells2 June 1774 |
1774 | 1779 | ![]() |
PreviouslyDean of Lincoln;consecrated bishop 26 June 1774; translated toGloucester2 August 1779 |
1779 | 1783 | ![]() |
Previously Archdeacon of Worcester; consecrated bishop 19 September 1779; translated toBangor9 June 1783 |
1783 | 1788 | ![]() |
Consecrated bishop 6 July 1783; translated toOxford15 April 1788 |
1788 | 1793 | ![]() |
FormerlyPrebendaryofGloucester;consecrated bishop 11 May 1788; translated toRochester7 December 1793 |
1794 | 1800 | ![]() |
Previously Canon of Christ Church, Oxford; consecrated bishop 12 January 1794; translated toArmaghin 1800 |
1801 | 1803 | ![]() |
Nominated bishop 20 December 1800 and consecrated 11 February 1801; died in office 3 June 1803 |
1803 | 1825 | ![]() |
PrebendaryofDurham;nominated bishop 25 June consecrated 17 July 1803; translated toSalisbury17 June 1825 |
1825 | 1840 | ![]() |
Nominated bishop 18 June and consecrated 24 July 1825; died in office 6 or 7 July 1840 |
1840 | 1874 | ![]() |
FellowofTrinity College, Cambridge;nominated bishop 23 July and consecrated 9 August 1840; resigned 16 June 1874; died 27 July 1875 |
1874 | 1897 | ![]() |
Consecrated bishop 24 August 1874; died in office 14 January 1897 |
1897 | 1920 | ![]() |
Consecrated 1 May 1897. |
Source(s):[9][10][16][17] |
Bishops of the disestablishedChurch in Wales[edit]
Bishops of St Davids | |||
---|---|---|---|
From | Until | Incumbent | Notes |
1920 | 1926 | ![]() |
The Church in Wales was disestablished in 1920. Died in office 4 November 1926 |
1926 | 1950 | ![]() |
Consecrated 2 February 1927; also wasArchbishop of Wales1944–1949; died in office 28 February 1950 |
1950 | 1956 | ![]() |
Translated fromSt Asaph;elected 30 March 1950; died in office 17 August 1956 |
1956 | 1971 | ![]() |
Consecrated 30 November 1956; resigned 31 March 1971 |
1971 | 1981 | ![]() |
Elected 21 April and consecrated 1 June 1971; resigned 30 September 1981 |
1981 | 1991 | ![]() |
Elected 11 November 1981 and consecrated 2 February 1982; also wasArchbishop of Walesfrom 1986 to 1991; relinquished both posts in 1991; died 14 July 2008 |
1991 | 1995 | ![]() |
Elected in 1991 (consecrated as assistant bishop in 1988); retired in 1996. |
1996 | 2001 | ![]() |
FormerlyAssistant Bishop of St Asaph;enthroned in St Davids Cathedral in 1996; retired as bishop at the end of 2001 |
2002 | 2008 | ![]() |
PreviouslyArchdeacon of Merioneth;elected and consecrated in 2002; resigned 29 April 2008 |
2008 | 2016 | ![]() |
PreviouslyDean of St Davids1994–2008; elected bishop 1 September and consecrated 29 November 2008; enthroned in St Davids Cathedral 6 December 2008 |
2016 | 2023 | ![]() |
Confirmed 30 November 2016;[19]consecrated 21 January 2017;[20]retired 31 July 2023[21] |
2023 | present | ![]() |
PreviouslyArchdeacon of Carmarthen;elected 17 October 2023;confirmed29 November; consecration scheduled for 27 January 2024[2] |
Source(s):[9][10][22] |
Assistant bishops[edit]
Prior to serving as Bishop diocesan, Ivor Rees was appointed Assistant Bishop of St Davids andArchdeacon of St Davidsin 1988, in order to assist Noakes, by then both diocesan Bishop of St Davids and Archbishop of Wales.[23]Rees was elected diocesan bishop after Noakes' retirement.
References[edit]
- ^"Canon Joanna Penberthy elected Wales' first woman bishop".BBC News.2 November 2016.Retrieved2 November2016.
- ^ab"New Bishop of St Davids elected".Church in Wales.17 October 2023. Archived fromthe originalon 18 October 2023.Retrieved18 October2023.
- ^"New Bishop of St Davids consecrated".Church in Wales.27 January 2024.Retrieved3 April2024.
- ^J. Wyn Evans, 'David (d. 589/601)’,Oxford Dictionary of National Biography,Oxford University Press, 2004
- ^Rhygyvarch'sLife of St David.A.W. Wade-Evans's (Ed.) sections, 48, 53
- ^David Walker, 'Bernard (d. 1148)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004
- ^Annals of Wales(B text),p. 10.
- ^abHardy, T. Duffus.Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae; or, a Calendar of the Principal Ecclesiastical Dignitaries in England and Wales, and of the Chief Officers in the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge from the Earliest Times to the Year MDCCXV, Corrected and Continued to the Present Time,Vol. I, "St. David's".Oxford Univ. Press, 1854. Accessed 18 February 2013.
- ^abcdeSt Davids Cathedral:"Past Bishops & Deans of St Davids".Accessed 16 March 2010.
- ^abcde"Historical Successions: St. Davids".Crockford's Clerical Directory.Retrieved22 July2012.
- ^1446, Common Pleas records; 6th entry (starting Thomas Ive), on line 4 in http://aalt.law.uh.edu/AALT1/H6/CP40no740/bCP40no740dorses/IMG_2043.htm
- ^Fryde et al. (1986),pp. 297–298
- ^Fryde et al. (1986),p. 298
- ^Plant, David (2002)."Episcopalians".BCW Project.Retrieved25 April2021.
- ^King, Peter (July 1968). "The Episcopate during the Civil Wars, 1642-1649".The English Historical Review.83(328). Oxford University Press: 523–537.doi:10.1093/ehr/lxxxiii.cccxxviii.523.JSTOR564164.
- ^Fryde et al. (1986),pp. 298–299
- ^19th-Century Bishops of the Church of EnglandArchivedJuly 16, 2011, at theWayback Machine.Retrieved on 18 March 2010.
- ^Shipmate Bishop Ivor ReesArchived2011-07-23 at theWayback Machine.Royal Naval Association Gallery.Retrieved on 18 March 2010.
- ^Church in Wales — Election of Wales’ first woman bishop is confirmedArchived2017-01-06 at theWayback Machine(Accessed 5 January 2017)
- ^"New Bishop of St Davids elected".churchinwales.org.uk.The Church in Wales. Archived fromthe originalon 27 June 2018.Retrieved2 November2016.
- ^"Bishop of St Davids to retire".Church in Wales.Archived fromthe originalon 19 May 2023.Retrieved21 May2023.
- ^Fryde et al. (1986),p. 299
- ^"New Welsh bishop".Church Times.No. 6534. 25 March 1988. p. 4.ISSN0009-658X.Retrieved22 February2022– via UK Press Online archives.
Bibliography[edit]
Fryde, E. B.; Greenway, D. E.; Porter, S.; Roy, I. (1986).Handbook of British Chronology(3rd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.ISBN0-521-56350-X.