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Boca Raton, Florida

Coordinates:26°22′07″N80°06′00″W/ 26.36861°N 80.10000°W/26.36861; -80.10000
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Boca Raton, Florida
City
City of Boca Raton
East Boca Raton skyline
Mizner Park
Baldwin House atFlorida Atlantic University
Boca Raton Resort
Gumbo Limbo Environmental Complex
Intracoastal Waterway
Flag of Boca Raton, Florida
Flag
Official seal of Boca Raton, Florida
Seal
Motto:
A City for All Seasons
Map
Interactive map of Boca Raton
Boca Raton is located in Florida
Boca Raton
Boca Raton
Location in the United States
Boca Raton is located in the United States
Boca Raton
Boca Raton
Boca Raton (the United States)
Boca Raton is located in North America
Boca Raton
Boca Raton
Boca Raton (North America)
Coordinates:26°22′07″N80°06′00″W/ 26.36861°N 80.10000°W/26.36861; -80.10000
CountryUnited States
StateFlorida
CountyPalm Beach
Settled (Boca Raton Settlement)c. 1895[1]
IncorporatedMay 26, 1925(1925-05-26)[1][2]
Government
• TypeCouncil-Manager
•MayorScott Singer (R)
•Deputy MayorMonica Mayotte
•Council MembersFrancine Nachlas,
Marc Wigder, and
Yvette Drucker
•City ManagerGeorge Brown
•City ClerkMary Siddons
Area
[3]
• Total31.59 sq mi (81.81 km2)
• Land29.18 sq mi (75.57 km2)
• Water2.41 sq mi (6.23 km2)
Elevation
[4]
13 ft (4 m)
Population
(2020)[5]
• Total97,422
• Estimate
(2022)[6]
99,009
• Rank23rdin Florida
Time zoneUTC−5(EST)
• Summer (DST)UTC−4(EDT)
ZIP Codes
16 total ZIP Codes:[7]
  • 33427–33429, 33431–33434, 33464, 33481, 33486–33488, 33496–33499
Area code561
FIPS code12-07300
GNISfeature ID0279123[4]
Websitewww.myboca.us

Boca Raton(/ˌboʊkərəˈtoʊn/BOH-kə rə-TOHN;[8][9]Spanish:Boca Ratón[ˈbokaraˈton]) is a city inPalm Beach County, Florida,United States. The population was 97,422 in the2020 census[5]and it ranked as the 23rd-largest city in Florida in 2022. However, many people with a Boca Raton postal address live outside of municipal boundaries, such as inWest Boca Raton.[10]As a business center, the city also experiences significant daytime population increases. Boca Raton is 45 miles (72 km) north ofMiamiand is aprincipal cityof theMiami metropolitan area,which had a population of 6,138,333 at the2020 United States Census.[11]

It was first incorporated on August 2, 1924[12]as "Bocaratone",[13]and then incorporated as "Boca Raton" on May 26, 1925. While the area had been inhabited by theGlades culture,as well asSpanishand laterBritishcolonial empires prior to its annexation by the United States, the city's present form was developed predominantly byAddison Miznerstarting in the 1920s. Mizner contributed to many buildings in the area havingMediterranean RevivalorSpanish Colonial Revivalarchitecture. Boca Raton also became a key city in the development of the early computer industry. The city is the birthplace ofIBM'sfirst personal computerand various other technologies created by the company.

Still centered around luxury beach culture, the city today is dotted by many malls and shopping centers, including theTown Center at Boca Raton.The ODP Corporation,which operates Office Depot andOfficeMax,is headquartered here. Boca Raton is also home to the main campus ofFlorida Atlantic Universityand theEvert Tennis Academy,owned by former professional tennis playerChris Evert.The city has a strict development code for the size and types of commercial buildings, building signs, and advertisements that may be erected within the city limit, which has led to major thoroughfares without billboards and large advertisements, as well as increased green spaces on roads.

Name[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Boca Ratóntranslates to "Mouse Mouth" in English. Its name was originally labeled in the early European maps of the area asBoca de Ratones(Spanish for 'Mouth of Mice').Boca,meaning "mouth", was a common term to describe aninleton maps by sailors. The meaning of the wordratonesfor the area is less certain. Some claim that the wordratonesappears in old Spanish maritime dictionaries referring to "rugged rocks or stony ground on the bottom of some ports and coastal outlets, where the cables rub against".[14]Thus, one possible translation ofBoca Ratonis "Rugged Inlet".[15]Others claim thatratonesreferred to pirates who hid out in the area, and thus the name could translate to "Pirates' Inlet".[citation needed]

Pronunciation[edit]

City residents pronounceRatonas/rəˈtoʊn/.People not from the region often mispronounce this as/rəˈtɒn/instead.[16]

History[edit]

Timeline[edit]

Timeline of Boca Raton, Florida

Early history[edit]

The area where Boca Raton is now located was originally occupied by theGlades culture,a Native American tribe ofhunter-gathererswho relocated seasonally and between shellfish sources, distinct from theTequestato the south and theJaegato the north.[37]

What Spanish voyagers called "Boca de Ratones" was originally to the south, in present-dayBiscayne BayinMiami-Dade County.The area of Boca Raton was labeled "Rio Seco", meaning "Dry River", during this time. By mistake during the 19th century, mapmakers moved this location to the north and began referring to the city's lake, today known as Lake Boca Raton, as "Boca Ratone Lagoon" and later "Boca Ratone Sounde".[38]An inland stream near the lake was later renamedSpanish River,and eventually became part of theIntracoastal Waterway.

When Spain surrendered Florida toBritainin 1763, the remaining Tequestas, along with other Indians who had taken refuge in the Florida Keys, were evacuated toCuba.[39]In the 1770s,Bernard Romansreported seeing abandoned villages in the area, but no inhabitants.

The area remained largely uninhabited for long afterwards, during the early years of Florida's incorporation in the United States. The first significant European settler to this area was Captain Thomas Moore Rickards in 1895, who resided in a house made of driftwood on the east side of the East Coast Canal, south of what is now the Palmetto Park Road bridge. He surveyed and sold land from the canal to beyond the railroad north of what is now Palmetto Park Road.[40]Early settlement in the area increased shortly afterHenry Flagler's expansion of theFlorida East Coast Railway,connectingWest Palm Beachto Miami.

Addison Mizner's resort town[edit]

Main article:Addison Mizner
Mizner'sAdministrative Buildings

Boca Raton as a city was the creation of architectAddison Mizner.Prior to him, Boca Raton was an unincorporated farming town with a population of 100 in 1920.[41]: 7 [42]

In 1925, Mizner announced his plan for "the foremost resort city on the North American continent,"[43]: 4 "a new exclusive social capital in America."[43]: 9 After spending several years in Palm Beach, where, in his own words, he "did more than any one man to make the city beautiful,"[43]: 5 and designed theEverglades Clubamong many other buildings, in Boca Raton his plan was to create from scratch "a resort as splendid in its entirety as Palm Beach is in spots."[43]: 6 

Activity in that area began at least a year, and probably more, before Mizner's announcement. Land acquisition, tens of thousands of acres, was the largest part. But it is hard not to see Mizner's hand in the incorporation of Boca Raton in 1924; the city immediately appointed him Town Planner.[44][41]: 102 The Mizner Development Company was incorporated in 1925, and promptly issued $5 million of stock, which was fully subscribed in less than a week.[45]: 140 $500,000 was reserved for the "average Floridian"; the remainder was purchased by, as Addison called them, "noted personages", all with a Palm Beach connection: Lytle Hall,Harold Vanderbilt,J. Leonard Repogle, theDuchess of Sutherland,Rodman Wanamaker,Paris Singer,Irving Berlin,MadameFrances Alda,W. C. Robinson,H. H. Rodgers, D. H. Conkling, A. T. Herd, Porte,William Kissam Vanderbilt II,Elizabeth Arden,Jesse Livermore,Clarence H. Geist,andT. Coleman du Pontas chairman. Addison's brotherWilsonalso appears on the list of investors, but he had little to invest.[45]: 139–140 [44]

Instead of the existing Palmetto Park Road, the main street in Mizner's Boca was to be El Camino Real, 20 lanes wide, which Mizner fancifully translated as "The Royal Highway",[41]: 39 referring to Spain's road network and to the road toSanta Feand to theSpanish missions in California.(Spanish kings rarely or never travelled on these roads; "The Government Road" would be just as accurate.) It was originally to be circular, with a lagoon in the middle.[41]: 44 Soon it became, in the plans, Boca Raton's main east-west street, to be 220 feet (67 m) wide and with a canal for pleasure boats in the center. (In the drawing of it on the cover of Mizner Development's first brochure is a Venetiangondola.[43]) His statement that it was inspired byBotafogo,a neighborhood and beach inRio de Janeiro,Brazil, is another of his many inventions of foreign "facts".[45]: 144 Mizner, who never went to Brazil nor knew Brazilians, simply made it up because the name "Botafogo" ( "fire thrower" ) sounded impressive, as was the concept of imitatingRio de Janeiro.(The only street in Rio de Janeiro anything like the supposed picture, actually an artist's conception, of "Botafogo" that Mizner included in his first catalogue,[43]: 11 is thept:Canal do Mangue,which runs down the middle of two streets, but is nowhere near Botafogo, a more elegant name than Mangue "mangrove".[46])

Only 0.5 miles (0.80 km) of the road was built (although the street has subsequently been extended to the west at normal scale). According to drawings, the centerpiece of the street was to be a canal for pleasure boats; it was never built.[47]All streets were to be at least 60 feet (18 m) wide.[41]: 43 

His first buildings in Boca Raton were his Administrative Buildings, on El Camino Real (in 2018 theAddison Restaurant), and a small hotel to house interested investors.[38]Mizner designed Boca's first town hall/police station/fire station/library, although the design actually built is much smaller and less expensive than what Mizner planned. Today (2018) it is theBoca Raton History Museum,which houses Boca's Welcome Center and the Boca Raton Historical Society.

The hotel was hisRitz-CarltonCloister Inn, built in 1926,[48]later renamed theBoca Raton Resort & Club,and is one of the only "5 star" hotels in Florida. The 1969 addition of its "pink tower" hotel building is visible from miles away as a towering monument on theIntracoastal Waterway.

Because of the end of theFlorida land boom of the 1920sand the1926 Miami hurricane,the Mizner Development Corporation went into bankruptcy in 1927. Little of Mizner's Boca Raton was ever built: hisAdministration Buildings,the Cloister Inn, 1/2 mile of El Camino Real, the small Dunagan Apartments (demolished),[41]a few houses near the Cloister Inn (demolished), the Spanish Village neighborhood,[49][41]and a few small houses in what is now the Old Floresta Historic District neighborhood.[44][41][50]

World War II Army Air Force Base[edit]

DuringWorld War II,some of the land used by the Japanese farmers of theYamato Colonywas confiscated and used as the site of the Boca Raton Army Air Force Base, a major training facility forB-29bomber crews and the only facility in the U.S. trainingradaroperators. Much of theBoca Raton Army Airfieldwas later donated to Palm Beach County and became the grounds ofFlorida Atlantic University.Many of FAU's parking lots are former runways of the airbase. When viewed from above, the site's layout for its previous use as an airfield is plainly evident.Boca Raton Airport's runway was once part of the original airbase, and is still active to this day, although the runway has been rebuilt. Army School Building #3 (T-604) of the Army Air Forces Base has survived as the office building for the Cynthia Gardens apartment complex on Northwest 4th Avenue.

Post-World War II history[edit]

Boca Raton was the site of two now vanishedamusement parks,Africa U.S.A. (1953–1961) and Ancient America (1953–1959). Africa U.S.A. was a wild animal park in which tourists rode a "Jeep Safari Train" through the park. There were no fences separating the animals from the tourists.[51]It is now the Camino Gardens subdivision one mile west of the Boca Raton Hotel. A red wooden bridge and remnants from the Watusi Geyser and Zambezi Falls, a 30-foot waterfall,[52]from Africa USA can still be seen at the entrance to Camino Gardens. Ancient America was built surrounding a realNative Americanburial mound. Today, the mound is still visible within the Boca Marina & Yacht Club neighborhood onU.S. 1near Yamato Road.[53]

IBM[edit]

IBM's former South Florida laboratories, where theIBM PCwas created, alongsideYamato Road.

In the late 1960s,IBMannounced their intentions to open a manufacturing plant in the area. In 1965, well before the extension ofI-95into Southern Florida, IBM, working in secret with the Arvida corporation, quietly purchased several hundred acres of real estate west of theCSXrail line and northwest ofFlorida Atlantic University.Originally situated in unincorporated Palm Beach County, the site was annexed into Boca Raton almost a year following its dedication in 1970.[54]

Construction of IBM's main complex began in 1967, designed byMarcel Breuer,[55]and the manufacturing and office complex was dedicated in March 1970. The campus was designed with self-sufficiency in mind and sported its ownelectrical substation,water pumpingstation, and rail spur.

By 1984 IBM was Palm Beach County's largest corporate employer, with 8,500 Boca Raton employees.[56]Among other noteworthy IT accomplishments, such as the mass production of theSystem/360and development of theSeries/1mainframe computers, IBM's main complex was the birthplace of theIBM PC,which later evolved into the IBMPersonal System/2,developed in nearbyDelray Beach.Starting in 1987, IBM relocated its manufacturing for what became the IBM PC division toResearch Triangle ParkinRaleigh, North Carolina,and converted the manufacturing facilities into offices and laboratories, later producing products such as theOS/2operating system and VoiceType Dictation, later known asViaVoicevoice-recognitionsoftware.

IBM maintained its facilities in the South Florida area until 1996, when the facility was closed and sold to Blue Lake Real Estate. The site was sold to T-REX Management Consortium, then to the Blackstone Group in 2005, who renamed it the Boca Corporate Center and Campus.[57]The site was later renamed the Boca Raton Innovation Campus (BRiC). Crocker Partners, noted for its development ofMizner ParkandOffice Depot headquarters,purchased BRiC in April 2018.[58]

What used to be IBM's Building 051, an annex separated from the former main IBM campus by Spanish River Boulevard, was donated to the Palm Beach County School District and converted intoDon Estridge High Tech Middle School.It is named afterDon Estridge,whose team was responsible for developing theIBM PC.IBM returned in July 2001, opening the software development laboratory at Beacon Square off Congress Avenue.

It is noteworthy that still left standing inside the old IBM complex is the office and conference table whereBill Gatessigned his historic deal to supply IBM with theMicrosoftMS-DOSoperating system for its personal computer line.

Suburban expansion[edit]

Palmetto Park Road and Mizner Boulevard intersection.

In 1991, the new downtown outdoor shopping and dining center,Mizner Park,was completed over the site of the old Boca Raton Mall. It has since become a cultural center for southern Palm Beach County. Featuring a landscaped central park between the two main roads (collectively called Plaza Real) with stores only on the outside of the roads, Mizner Park resembles a Mediterranean suburban "town center" with a more contemporary look. It features many restaurants and is home to theBoca Raton Museum of Art,which moved to the new facility in 2001.[59]In 2002, a newamphitheaterwas built, replacing a smaller one and providing a large-capacity outdoor venue where concerts and other performances are held.[60]The Mizner Park Cultural Center, an indoor performing arts/comedy show theater is located to the southwest of the amphitheater within the Mizner Park property.

TheNational Cartoon Museumwas built on the southwest edge of Mizner Park in 1996. Open for six years, the museum relocated to its original home inNew York Cityin 2002.

As development continued to focus to the west of the city in the 1980s and 1990s, the mall area known asTown Center at Boca Ratonbecame the geographic center of what is referred to as West Boca Raton, though this mall was not annexed into the city until 2004.

Forbes ranked Boca's Royal Palm Yacht and Country Club the third most exclusive gated community in the US in 2017.[61]Many mansions and estates have been built and reflect the high real estate values. 18.1% of homes for sale are within the $655,000–$966,000 range, 8.5% in the $966,000–$1.288 million range, and 11.9% in the $1.288 million plus range.[62]Since the mid-2010s, there has been a developing boom such as the building of the Mandarin Oriental's Residences, remodeling of Downtown Boca Raton's Mizner Park, and development around Florida Atlantic University and Lynn University.[63][64]

On November 2, 2004, the voters of the Via Verde Association, Waterside, Deerhurst Association (Boca South), Marina Del Mar Association, Rio Del Mar Association (both originally Boca Del Mar communities), and Heatherwood of Boca Raton Condominium Association approvedannexationinto the Boca Ratoncity limits,increasing the city land area to 29.6 square miles (77 km2). A new gated community called Royal Palm Polo was annexed to the City of Boca Raton, which is the only jurisdiction north of Clint Moore Road.[65]

Geography[edit]

Boca Raton, seen from theInternational Space Station.

According to theUnited States Census Bureau,the city has an area of 29.1 sq mi (75.4 km2), of which 27.2 sq mi (70.4 km2) of this is land and 1.9 sq mi (5.0 km2) of it (6.63%) is water. Boca Raton is a "principal city"(as defined by the Census Bureau) of theMiami metropolitan area.Approximately 1 square mile is on the barrier islandDeerfield Beach Island(DBI), also colloquially known asDeerfield Cay.[66]Like otherSouth Floridacities, Boca Raton has awater tablethat does not permit building basements, however plumbing and sewage is constructed underneath the homes and streets, in addition to electrical systems in some areas. There are several high points in the city, such as 4th Avenue which is aptly named "High Street". The highest point in this area is the guard shack at Camino Gardens, which is 24 ft (7.3 m) above sea level. The Boca Raton Hotel's Beach Club rests at 23 ft (7.0 m) above sea level.[67]

Several small tunnels run under roads in Boca, but the roads are built up several feet at these locations, or are on dunes. Several of these tunnels are underState Road A1Aat Spanish River Park, from the west side of the road where parking is available to beachgoers, to the east side of the road, which is where the beach is located. A1A is already higher than the surrounding land here due to sand dunes formed by erosion and other natural features.[67]

Neighborhoods[edit]

Martin Luther King Jr.Memorial inPearl City

Pearl Cityis a neighborhood in Boca Raton, immediately north of downtown and within city limits. The neighborhood was originally platted on May 30, 1915 for theblue-collarAfrican Americansemployed at theBoca Raton Resortand similar establishments, on area farms, in construction, and various other jobs.[68]

Climate[edit]

Boca Raton has atropical rainforest climate(Köppen climate classificationAf), as its driest month (December) averages 62.5mm of precipitation, narrowly meeting the minimum standard of 60mm in the driest month to qualify for that designation. In general the climate is warm and sunny much of the year, although daily thundershowers occur in the hot season from June through September. Boca Raton is frost free. The warm tropical climate in South Florida supports the growth of tropical trees and plants such as thecoconut palmthat was introduced hundreds of years ago to Florida in nearbyWest Palm Beach.

Winter high temperatures are typically in the 75–83 degrees range, while summer high temperatures are about 87–92 degrees.

Climate data for Boca Raton, Florida
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 76
(24) 		77
(25) 		80
(27) 		83
(28) 		86
(30) 		88
(31) 		91
(33) 		91
(33) 		89
(32) 		86
(30) 		82
(28) 		78
(26) 		84
(29)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 58
(14) 		60
(16) 		63
(17) 		67
(19) 		72
(22) 		75
(24) 		76
(24) 		75
(24) 		75
(24) 		71
(22) 		66
(19) 		61
(16) 		68
(20)
Averageprecipitationinches (mm) 2.78
(71) 		2.85
(72) 		3.00
(76) 		3.40
(86) 		5.73
(146) 		7.31
(186) 		5.94
(151) 		6.91
(176) 		7.01
(178) 		5.73
(146) 		4.24
(108) 		2.46
(62) 		57.27
(1,455)
Source:The Weather Channel[69]

Demographics[edit]

Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
1930447—
194072361.7%
195099237.2%
19606,961601.7%
197028,506309.5%
198049,50573.7%
199061,49224.2%
200074,76421.6%
201084,39212.9%
202097,42215.4%
2022 (est.)99,0091.6%
U.S. Decennial Census[70]
1930–1970[71]1980[72]1990[73]
2000[74]2010[75]2020[5]2022[6]

Boca Raton and other parts ofPalm Beach Countyhave a significant Jewish population.[76]Certain areas of outside of Boca Raton city limits, such as theSandalfoot Covecommunity, have significant populations of Brazilian[77]and other Latino immigrants.

Historical demographics 2020[5] 2010[75] 2000[74] 1990[73] 1980[72]
White(non-Hispanic) 70.8% 79.1% 84.2% 89.7% 92.8%
Hispanic or Latino 15.2% 11.9% 8.5% 5.6% 4.5%
Black or African American(non-Hispanic) 5.3% 5.0% 3.6% 2.8% 1.9%
AsianandPacific Islander(non-Hispanic) 3.3% 2.4% 2.0% 1.9% 0.9%
Native American(non-Hispanic) 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1%
Some other race(non-Hispanic) 0.9% 0.3% 0.2% < 0.1%
Two or more races(non-Hispanic) 4.5% 1.1% 1.3% N/A N/A
Population 97,422 84,392 74,764 61,492 49,505
Demographic characteristics 2020[78][79][80] 2010[81][82][83] 2000[84][85][86] 1990 1980
Households 48,728 44,539 37,547 26,297 20,247
Persons per household 2.00 1.89 2.04 2.34 2.45
Sex Ratio 93.3 95.7 95.1 92.3 91.0
Ages 0–17 16.1% 17.2% 18.4% 17.2% 18.7%
Ages 18–64 60.8% 61.9% 62.3% 61.3% 57.6%
Ages 65 + 23.1% 21.0% 19.3% 21.5% 23.7%
Median age 45.4 45.4 42.9 41.1 42.0
Population 97,422 84,392 74,764 61,492 49,505
Economic indicators
2017–21American Community Survey Boca Raton Palm Beach County Florida
Median income[87] $46,033 $36,431 $34,367
Median household income[88] $89,776 $68,874 $61,777
Poverty Rate[89] 9.2% 11.6% 13.1%
High school diploma[90] 95.9% 89.1% 89.0%
Bachelor's degree[90] 58.3% 38.0% 31.5%
Advanced degree[90] 23.1% 15.0% 11.7%

Boca Raton is known for its affluent and educated[91]social community. According toForbes,Boca Raton has three of the ten most expensivegated communitiesin the U.S. The Royal Palm Yacht and Country Club holds the #1 spot, The Sanctuary takes #6, and Le Lac takes the #8 spot.[92]

Language spoken at home[a] 2015[b] 2010[c] 2000[95] 1990[96] 1980[97]
Englishonly 75.0% 77.4% 79.2% 84.4% 90.0%
SpanishorSpanish Creole 10.9% 10.9% 9.2% 6.0% 4.2%
FrenchorHaitian Creole 2.3% 2.2% 2.7% 1.7% 0.6%
Other Languages 11.8% 9.5% 8.9% 7.9% 5.2%
Nativity 2015[d] 2010[e] 2000[102][103] 1990[104][96] 1980[97]
% populationnative-born 78.9% 81.2% 82.0% 86.7% 89.9%
... born in theUnited States 76.8% 79.7% 80.4% 85.2% 89.0%
... born inPuerto RicoorIsland Areas 0.5% 0.3% 0.5% 0.4% 0.9%
... born toAmerican parents abroad 1.6% 1.2% 1.1% 1.0%
% populationforeign-born[f] 21.1% 18.8% 18.0% 13.3% 10.1%

Culture and attractions[edit]

Festivals and events[edit]

TheBoca Raton Bowlis aNational Collegiate Athletic Association(NCAA) sanctionedDivision Icollege footballbowl game[105]that features theMid-American Conference(MAC) facing off against an opponent from theAmerican Athletic Conference(AAC) orConference USA(C-USA) in alternating years. Each conference participates four times during the six-year agreement, which began with the 2014 season. The Bowl is held atFAU Stadium.

St. Mark Greek Orthodox Church in Boca Raton hosts a popular Greek festival during the last weekend of January. An estimated 15,000 people attended the festival in 2018.[106]

Additionally, the city hosts the "Festival of the Arts BOCA"annually during the spring, and the Brazilian Beat Festival in the fall.

Mizner Park[edit]

Boca Raton Museum of Art

Mizner Parkis alifestyle centerin downtown Boca Raton. The area contains several stores and fashion boutiques, restaurants, an iPic movie theater, and housing. The Center for the Arts at Mizner Park is on the development's north end, which includes theBoca Raton Museum of Artand the Count de Hoernele Amphitheater. Royal Palm Place is adjacent to Mizner Park, and it contains upscale shopping, restaurants, and apartments.[107][108]

Town Center Mall[edit]

Town Center at Boca Ratonis an upscalesuper-regional shopping centerin Boca Raton that is the largest enclosed and conventional shopping mall within Palm Beach County, and the third largest by square feet inSouth Florida,behindSawgrass MillsandAventura Mall.

In 1999, theSimon Property Groupbought Town Center at Boca Raton and began building a new wing on its southeastern side, and completed renovations in 2018.

Seritage Growth Properties plans to build alifestyle centercalled The Collection at Boca Town Center which will provide shopping, dining, and entertainment.[109]

Crocker Partners will build a Restaurant Row near the mall.[110]

Beaches and parks[edit]

Beach entrance in Boca Raton

Boca Raton's eastern coast has two miles of beaches, notably Red Reef Park[111]and South Inlet Park.[112][113][114]

Red Reef Park has theGumbo Limbo Environmental Complex,an environmental education center. Founded in 1984, Gumbo Limbo is a cooperative project of the City of Boca Raton, Greater Boca Raton Beach and Park District, Florida Atlantic University, and Friends of Gumbo Limbo.[115]In addition to the sea tanks, butterfly garden and boardwalk trail through the hammocks complete with an observation tower, Gumbo Limbo also houses a research facility run by FAU where students study coral reefs, sea turtles, sharks, sea grass and other marine-related subjects.

Sugar Sand Parkis a municipal park in Boca Raton. It contains the Children's Science Explorium. Another park is the Burt Aaronson South County Regional Park in West Boca Raton. The park contains several amenities, including the Osprey Point Golf Course, adog park,the Sunset Cove Amphitheater, the Coconut Cove Waterpark, and the Daggerwing Nature Center. Spanish River Park is a family-friendly city park along the Intracoastal Waterway for picnicking, swimming & bird-watching.

Other[edit]

The Aiken House is listed on theNational Register of Historic Places.

Old Floresta Historic District has several historic houses listed on theNational Register of Historic Places.

Boca Raton is home to the Wick Theatre & Costume Museum.[116]

Economy[edit]

Office Depot's corporate headquarters

Office Depot,a supplier of office products and services, has its global headquarters on a 28-acre campus in the city.[117]TheGEO Group,also has its headquarters in Boca Raton based out of One Park Place.[118]Media companyFriend Finder Networks,consumer products companyJardenand e-retailerVitacost,YACHTICOand BMI Gaming are also based in Boca Raton.

Top employers[edit]

According to the City's 2017 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,[119]the top employers in the city are:

# Employer # of employees
1 Boca Raton Regional Hospital 2,800
2 Florida Atlantic University 2,761
3 Office Depot(Headquarters) 2,034
4 City of Boca Raton 1,550
5 Boca Raton Resort and Club 1,376
6 National Council on Compensation Insurance(NCCI) 923
7 Johnson Controls / Tyco(Headquarters) 898
8 Lynn University 663
9 ADT Security Services(Headquarters) 600
10 IBM 600

Education[edit]

Public schools[edit]

Public education is provided and managed byThe School District of Palm Beach County,the thirteenth-largest public school district in the United States. Boca Raton is also home to several notable private and religious schools.

Boca Raton High School

As of 2007, Boca Raton was served by four public high schools. Within the city's limits,Boca Raton Community High Schoolserves the eastern part of the city.Spanish River Community High Schoolserves the west-central part of the city limits and parts of unincorporated Boca Raton.Olympic Heights Community High SchoolandWest Boca Raton Community High Schoolserve the western unincorporated areas. Spanish River, Olympic Heights, and West Boca Raton also serve students fromDelray BeachandBoynton Beach.[120]

The area is served by five public middle schools.Don Estridge High Tech Middle Schoolis a technology magnet school named for Don Estridge, the leader of a small group of engineers who developed the IBM Personal Computer in Boca Raton. The other four public middle schools are Boca Raton Community Middle School, Eagles Landing Middle School,Loggers' Run Community Middle School,and Omni Middle School.

The area is served by thirteen public elementary schools:

  • Addison Mizner Elementary
  • Blue Lake Elementary
  • Boca Raton Elementary
  • Calusa Elementary
  • Coral Sunset Elementary
  • Del Prado Elementary
  • Hammock Pointe Elementary
  • J.C. Mitchell Elementary
  • Sandpiper Shores Elementary
  • Sunrise Park Elementary
  • Verde K-8
  • Waters Edge Elementary
  • Whispering Pines Elementary

Alternative schooling[edit]

Two alternatives to the Palm Beach County Public Schools in Boca Raton are the K–8 Alexander D. Henderson University School (ADHUS) andFAU High School(FAUHS). Both are on the Florida Atlantic University campus and are organized as a unique and separate school district; they are not part of the Palm Beach County School System. Henderson School is recognized as Florida Atlantic University School District #72, under the College of Education's administrative oversight.

University schools in Florida are authorized to provide instruction for grades K–12 and university students, support university research efforts, and test educational reforms for Florida schools. Both ADHUS and FAUHS are public schools and thus do not charge tuition. And they are open to children who reside in Palm Beach County orBroward County.ADHUS admission is by lottery, while FAUHS admission is determined by academic ability. Student characteristics of gender, race, family income and student ability are used to match the student population profile to that of the state.[121]

FAU High School is a dual-enrollment program that involves itself primarily in collegiate classes. Students in ninth grade take advanced classes at the ADHUS sister campus, while students in higher grades attend only collegiate classes on Florida Atlantic University's campus, earning dual credit for both high school and college. A student who has successfully completed all four years at FAU High School will graduate having completed three years of university study on a college campus.[122]

Private schools[edit]

Saint John Paul II Academyis aCatholic schoollocated in Boca Raton.

Private schools in Boca Raton accelerated in demand in the early 2020s as Wall Street moved many employees and offices to the South Florida area.[123]

Higher education[edit]

Florida Atlantic University(FAU), founded in 1961, held its first classes in Boca Raton in 1964. FAU is a member of theState University System of Floridaand is the largest university in Boca Raton. It has over 29,000 students, 3,555 of which are residential students, and a Division I athletics program. In recognition of the rapid growth of Boca Raton's universities, in particular FAU, the city of Boca Raton has recently been referred to as a "burgeoning college town".[132]

Lynn Universityis a four-year co-educational institution renamed to honor the Lynn (Eugene & Christine) family who continue to be benefactors of the university; itsDigital Media Arts College,founded in 2001, offers bachelor's and master's degrees incomputer animationand graphic design.

Palm Beach State Collegehas its Boca Raton campus adjacent to Florida Atlantic University since 1983. When it was opened, it was named Palm Beach Junior College. In 1988 it changed its name to Palm Beach Community College, and in 2009, to Palm Beach State College.[133]

Everglades Universityhas its main campus in Boca Raton.

Libraries and newspaper[edit]

TheBoca Raton Public Libraryserves city of Boca Raton residents. The Glades Road Branch Library and the West Boca Branch Library of thePalm Beach County Library Systemadditionally serve Boca Raton residents who live outside the city limits inWest Boca Raton.County library card holders may use any of the sixteen branches in the Palm Beach County Library System and have access to many databases and downloadable e-books and audio books.

TheSun-Sentinelnewspaper delivers local news to the area. Previously, theBoca Raton Newswas a local newspaper for the town.[134]

Politics[edit]

Boca Raton oldTown Hall,built in 1927[23]
List of mayors of Boca Raton, Florida
  • George Long, 1924–1925[135]
  • John Brown, 1925–1929
  • Fred Aiken, 1929–1938
  • Joe Mitchell, 1938–1950
  • Bill O'Donnell, 1950–1951
  • Louie Zimmerman, 1951–1952
  • Bill Day, 1952–1953, 1954–1954
  • Harold Turner, 1953–1954, 1954–1955
  • Bill Herbold, 1955–1956
  • Roy Shores, 1956–1958
  • Hal Dane, 1958–1959
  • Joe Delong, 1959–1960, 1963–1964
  • Courtney Boone, 1960–1961
  • Leo Fox, 1961–1962
  • John Brandt, 1962–1963
  • Harold Maull, 1964–1965, 1968–1969
  • Pat Honchell, 1966–1967
  • Nardy Turner, 1967–1968
  • Emil Danciu, 1969–1970, 1987–1993
  • Tore Wallin, 1970–1971
  • Norm Wymbs, 1971
  • Bill Miller, 1971–1972
  • Byrd Marshall, 1972–1973, 1975–1976, 1978
  • Al Alford, 1973–1974
  • Dick Houpana, 1974–1975, 1977
  • Byrd Marshall, 1972–1973, 1975–1976, 1978
  • Dorothy Wilken,1976–1977
  • Jeff Milner, 1977–1981
  • Bill Konrad, 1981–1987
  • Bill Smith, 1993–1995
  • Carol Hanson,1995–2001
  • Steven L. Abrams,2001–2008
  • Susan Whelchel,2008–2014
  • Susan Haynie, 2014–2018[34][136]
  • Scott Singer, 2018–present[34][136]

The City of Boca Raton has a Council-Manager form of government.[137]The Mayor has been chosen through adirect electionsince 1978.[138]The offices of the city council and the mayor arenonpartisan.[139]The previous mayor was Susan Haynie. On April 27, 2018, GovernorRick Scottsuspended Susan Haynie due to felony and misdemeanor charges brought against her for corruption and bribery. (She would later plead guilty to two of the counts, avoiding jail time.) Scott Singer was appointed mayor and held that position on that basis until the August 28th special election; Singer was elected outright as mayor in that election.

As of January 2021,DemocratTed DeutchrepresentsFlorida's 22nd congressional district,which includes the most northern point of Boca Raton and extends south through Palm Beach County. The district then continues into Broward County communities like Coral Springs, Parkland, and Margate, down to Fort Lauderdale.[140][141]

In the 2016 and 2020 presidential elections,RepublicanDonald Trumpwon in Boca Raton by a plurality.[142][143]

Crime[edit]

The City of Boca Raton is one of the safest cities in Palm Beach County, with a crime rate 38% lower than the entire state of Florida.[144][145]

Boca Raton has had connections to theMafia.According to a number of US Federal indictments, as of June 2004, theGambino familycontinues to operate in Boca Raton. The television showThe Sopranosfeatured the city in its plot ( "Boca"and"...To Save Us All From Satan's Power"), andMafia Wifeauthor Lynda Milito resides in Boca Raton.Joey Merlino,the reputed head of the Philadelphia crime family, also resides in northern Boca Raton.[146][147][148][149]

In 2007, several murders at the Town Center Mall gained national attention. In March, a 52-year-old woman was kidnapped and murdered. In December of the same year, a 47-year-old woman and her 7-year-old daughter were also kidnapped, and later found bound and shot in the head in the woman's SUV in the mall parking lot. This case was featured onAmerica's Most Wanted.Though there is no forensic evidence to suggest the murders were committed by the same person, the similarities in the cases led police to believe they were related. To this day, the murders all remain unsolved.[150][151][152][153]

The Pearl City neighborhood has been known as adrug traffickinghub in the past.[154]In recent years, the city, like most of the county (especially neighboring Delray Beach) has experienced a steady rise inheroinandopioidoverdoses.[155][156]

As of the end of 2019, the crime rate in Boca Raton was down 26% over the preceding 13 years.[157]

Transportation[edit]

See also:Transportation in South Florida

Air[edit]

Boca Raton Airport

TheBoca Raton Airport(BCT) is ageneral aviationairport immediately adjacent toFlorida Atlantic UniversityandInterstate 95.It has a control tower which is staffed from 0700 to 2300. The Boca Raton Airport is publicly owned and governed by a seven-member Authority appointed by the City of Boca Raton and thePalm Beach CountyCommission. The airport is noted for a very high concentration of private jets and charter aviation, and the airspace surrounding the airport is inClass D airspace.[158][159]

All three of the Miami area's major commercial airports serve Boca Raton, though the city is located about equidistantly betweenFort Lauderdale-Hollywood International AirportandPalm Beach International Airport.Most commercial international flights to the region will pass throughMiami International Airport,which can be accessed via I-95 andFlorida State Route 112by road or by using Tri-Rail.

Highways[edit]

  • State Road A1Ais a north-south road lying between the Intracoastal Waterway and the Atlantic Ocean.
  • U.S. Highway 1,locally known as "Federal Highway", is a north-south highway passing through the city's downtown, commercial, and industrial districts in the eastern part of the city.
  • U.S. Highway 441(also known asState Road 7) is a north-south highway passing through commercial and residential districts west of the city limits.
  • Interstate 95bisects the city from north to south with four interchanges serving Boca Raton.
  • Florida's Turnpikeis a north-south highway passing through unincorporated Boca Raton, forming part of the city limits in the north, with one interchange at Glades Road.
  • Glades Roadis an east-west road between US 441 and US 1.
  • Other major east-west roads include Palmetto Park Road andYamato Road.
  • Other major north-south roads includeMilitary TrailandJog Road / Powerline Road(Changes name onGlades Road).

Rail[edit]

Boca Raton Tri-Rail Station
Boca RatonTri-Railstation
Boca Raton Brightline Station
Boca RatonBrightlinestation

Bus[edit]

Water[edit]

Lake Boca Raton

Long before any settlers arrived, the original 1870 government survey of the area[164]showed that just west of and parallel to theAtlantic Ocean'scoastal dunewas the "Boca Ratones Lagoon", which extended south for nine miles (14 km) measured from just north of the present location of Atlantic Avenue inDelray Beach.Along the southern half of the lagoon were three wide areas each called a "Lake", which are now named (north to south) Lake Rogers, Lake Wyman, and Lake Boca Raton. At the southeast end of the lagoon was a short protrusion toward the south which would become the Boca Raton Inlet after a sandbar at its mouth was removed.

The lagoon and lakes were part of a half-mile (0.8 km) wide swamp, west of which was scrub land a mile (1.6 km) wide (part of theAtlantic Coastal Ridge) where theFlorida East Coast Railway(1896) andDixie Highway(1923) were built. To the west of the scrub was a half mile or wider swamp within which flowed north to south the "Prong of Hillsborough River", which is now the El Rio Canal. It now forms the eastern border ofFlorida Atlantic Universityand the Old Floresta neighborhood. The prong entered the "Hillsborough River" at the present eastern end of the straight portion of theHillsboro Canal(dredged 1911–1914), which is the southern city limits. The river flowed southeast in several channels along the western edge of the present Deerfield Island County Park, formerly called Capone Island (named forAl Caponewho owned it during the 1930s), which did not become an island until the Royal Palm Canal was dredged along its northern edge in 1961.[165][166]Flowing south from the lagoon to the river along the eastern edge of the 'island' was a "Small boat Pass into Hillsboro' River", also called the Little Hillsboro. The river continued due south about four and a half miles (7.2 km) just inland of the coastal dune until it emptied into the Atlantic Ocean at the "Hillsborough Bar", now theHillsboro Inlet.

The lagoon was dredged in 1894–1895 to form part of the Florida East Coast Canal with a minimum depth of 5 feet (1.5 m) and a minimum width of 50 feet (15 m).[167]After 1895, the lagoon and canal were sometimes called the Spanish River. Between 1930 and 1935 the canal was improved to 8 by 100 feet (2.4 by 30.5 metres) by the federal government and renamed theIntracoastal Waterway.It was improved again between 1960 and 1965 to 10 by 125 feet (3.0 by 38.1 metres).[168]All three versions were subject toshoalingwhich reduced their depths below the specified minimum. Forming part of the northern city limits is the C-15 canal, connecting the El Rio Canal to the Intracoastal Waterway.

Boca Raton pioneered an innovative means to recycle wastewater that involves selling the recycled water to golf courses, to use for irrigation. This system is called the IRIS system. Instead of pumping the nutrient laden wastewater out to sea, or under the ground into an aquifer, the IRIS system prevents nutrients from ending up in the ocean, reducing Boca Raton's impact on the problem of toxic algae blooms.[169]

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^Language spoken at home among residents at least five years old; only languages (or language groups) which at least 2% of residents have spoken at any time since 1980 are mentioned
  2. ^Refers to 2013–2017American Community Surveydata;[93]the last Decennial Census where language data was collected was in the2000 census
  3. ^Refers to 2008–2012American Community Surveydata;[94]the last Decennial Census where language data was collected was in the2000 census
  4. ^Refers to 2013–2017American Community Surveydata;[98][99]the last Decennial Census where foreign-born population data was collected was in the2000 census
  5. ^Refers to 2008–2012American Community Surveydata;[100][101]the last Decennial Census where foreign-born population data was collected was in the2000 census
  6. ^Only countries of birth which at least 2% of residents were born in at any time since 1980 are mentioned; no countries meet this criterion for the city of Boca Raton so none of them are mentioned

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Further reading[edit]

External links[edit]

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