Bristol riots

TheBristol riotsrefer to a number of significantriotsin the city ofBristolin England.

Bristol Bridge riot, 1793

In 1794 the populace of Bristol were said to be "apt to collect in mobs on the slightest occasions; but have been seldom so spirited as in the late transactions on Bristol-bridge."The Bristol Bridge Riot of 30 September 1793 began as a protest at renewal of an act levying tolls onBristol Bridge,which included the proposal to demolish several houses near the bridge in order to create a new access road, and controversy about the date for removal of gates.Eleven people were killed and 45 injured, making it one of the worst massacres of the 18th century in England.

New Cut riot, 1809

Following the successful completion of theNew Cutartificial waterway, theBristol floating harbourproject was certified as complete on 1 May 1809, and a celebratory dinner was held onSpike Islandfor a thousand of thenavvies,navigational engineers who had worked on the construction. At the dinner "two oxen, roasted whole, a proportionate weight of potatoes, and six hundredweight of plum pudding" were served, along with a gallon of strong beer for each man. When the beer ran out a mass brawl between English and Irish labourers turned into a riot which had to be suppressed by a navalpress gang.

Queen Square riots, 1831

Main article:1831 Bristol riots

The3rd Dragoon Guardsviolently suppressing the Bristol Riots of 1831

The Bristol Riots of 1831 took place after theHouse of Lordsrejected the secondReform Bill,which aimed to get rid of some of therotten boroughsand give Britain's fast growing industrial towns such as Bristol,Manchester,Birmingham,BradfordandLeedsgreater representation in the House of Commons. Bristol had been represented in theHouse of Commonssince 1295, but by 1830 only 6,000 of the 104,000 population had the vote.

Local magistrateSir Charles Wetherell,a strong opponent of the Bill, visited Bristol to open the newAssize Courts,on 29 October. He threatened to imprison participants in a disturbance going on outside, and anangry mobchased him to the Mansion House inQueen Square.The magistrate escaped in disguise, although a contemporary history states he escaped over the rooftops,but the mayor and officials were besieged in the Mansion-house.

The rioters numbered about 500 or 600 young men and continued for three days, during which the palace ofRobert GraytheBishop of Bristol,the Mansion House, and private homes and property were looted and destroyed, along with demolition of much of thegaol.Work on theClifton Suspension Bridgewas halted andIsambard Kingdom Brunelwas sworn in as aspecial constable.

The mayor,Charles Pinney,requested the assistance of the cavalry as a precaution and a troop of the3rd Dragoon Guardsand a squadron of the14th Light Dragoonswere sent to Bristol under the command of Lieutenant-ColonelThomas Brereton.Brereton did not wish to incite the crowd and even ordered the squadron from the 14th out of the city after they had successfully dispersed a crowd. Seeing this as a victory, the riots continued, and eventually Brereton had to call on the 3rd and 14th to restore order and he eventually led a charge with drawn swords through the mob in Queen Square.

Four rioters were killed and 86 wounded, although many more are believed to have perished in the fires set by the rioters, with a total death toll put as high as 500.Along with the commander of the 3rd Dragoons troop, Captain Warrington, Brereton was later court-martialled for leniency, but Brereton shot himself before the conclusion of his trial. Approximately 100 of those involved were tried in January 1832 byChief Justice Tindal. Four men were hanged despite apetitionof 10,000 Bristolian signatures, which was given toKing William IV.The mayor, Pinney, was tried for negligence but exonerated.

Old Market riot, 1932

On 23 February 1932, in reaction to the government reducing unemployment benefit by 10 per cent,around 4,000 protestors tried to march down to the city centre, led by theNational Unemployed Workers Movement.Throughout the protest, police showed heavy resistance, drawing their batons and deploying mounted police on horseback, which caused retaliation from protestors. This behaviour climaxed with the police baton-charging protesters outside Trinity police station and alongOld Market.Many people, including bystanders, were injured. Gradually over the next five years, unemployment in Bristol reduced and by 1937 just 11,500 people were registered unemployed in the city, contrasted to the 28,000 or so that were registered as unemployed at the time of the riot.

Park Street riot 1944

Main article:Park Street riot

The Park Street riot occurred inPark Streetand George Street on 15 July 1944. Racial tensions inflamed by earlier incidents,and the racial segregation of GIs both in the UK and abroad,came to a head in Bristol when a large number of blackGIsrefused to come back to their camps afterUS Military Policecame to end a minor fracas. More MPs were sent, up to 120 policemen, and Park Street was closed off with buses. In subsequent confrontation, an MP was stabbed, a black GI was shot dead, and several others were wounded.

St Pauls riot, 1980

Main article:1980 St Pauls riot

TheSt Pauls riotstarted on 2 April 1980 in theSt Paulsdistrict, as a consequence of racial tensions between Black members of the community and the police, including concerns oversus laws,poor housing and alienation of Black youth.When 20 police officers carried out a raid on theBlack and White Cafélocated on Grosvenor Road in the heart of St Pauls, they faced resistance, which escalated into a riot.The riot continued for many hours and caused large amounts of damage including aLloyds Bankand post office, several fire engines and twelve police cars. Thirty-three people were injured, including 21 policemen and three firemen, and 21 arrests were made, but no one was ever convicted of any crime.

St Paul's riot, 1986

Clashes with police also occurred in the same area during 1980 and 1986, as the issues that had led to the riot some 6 years previously hung in the air.On 7 May 1986, "Avon and Somerset Police organized a large raid in the St Paul's district of Bristol. Almost exactly one year after the1985 Handsworth riots,600 police moved into the area to search premises in connection with drugs and drinking offences. The reaction was serious rioting and attacks on police ".On the final day of the clash, 9 May, "2 cops are injured when their patrol car is attacked by stones and other missiles in the third day of disturbances."In 1996The Independentpublished an article stating "Inner-city area struggles to lose violent image",but by 2017 not only was the city of Bristol named best place to live in the whole of the UK in March byThe Sunday Times,but St Paul's itself was dubbed fifth ‘coolest’ place to live by The Times the same month.

Hartcliffe, 1992

On 16 July 1992 a riot occurred on theHartcliffeestate after Shaun Star and his friend were killed by police on a stolen unmarked police motorbike the two men had previously stolen from the local area. Both men got knocked off and killed by a police patrol car after being chased around the estate. The two deceased men were well known within the community, while the officers involved were not trained in safe pursuit, and had not followed procedures. Tensions were already high between the authorities and community as a result of distrust of the police and issues with deprivation in the area, and they were compounded during the disturbance by the breaking news that Hartcliffe had been denied funding from the government's City Challenge Initiative for the second year running.In total the disturbance lasted for 3 days. Police were attacked and many of the already rundown shops in the Symes Avenue shopping centre were torched, smashed up and damaged.Around 80 or so arrests led to more than 60 people charged and taken through the courts, and the policeman who had swerved his car into the path of the motorbike, was found guilty of causing the two deaths by dangerous driving.

Stokes Croft (Tesco Metro, Telepathic Heights), April 2011

A riot began in front of a new Tesco Metro at the southern end of Cheltenham Road on 21 April 2011.Allegedly in protest at the opening of a new Tesco Metro, the riot began when police raided a squat,known as Telepathic Heights, opposite the store. Skips and bins were set alight, bottles thrown, and running battles occurred between police and protestors up and down the street until the early hours of the morning.

National riots, August 2011

Main article:2011 England riots

Protests had started inTottenham,London, following theshooting of Mark Duggan,a local man who was shot dead by police on 4 August.In the early hours of the morning on Tuesday 9 August, it was reported that vandalism and looting occurred in Bristol in response to similar occurring elsewhere in the country.

Kill the Bill protest, March 2021

Further information:Police, Crime, Sentencing and Courts Act 2022 § Protest and riot in Bristol, 21 March 2021

A riotbegan outside Bridewell police station, in the centre of the city, on Sunday 21 March 2021 as the culmination of a protest against what became thePolice, Crime, Sentencing and Courts Act 2022.Police vans were set on fire, including one containing officers.Initial reports from police stated that officers had suffered broken bones, but these statements proved to be false.Further protests occurred on 23 and 26 March, turning violent as police moved to disband the protestors.

See also

• Peterloo Massacre
• Urban riots

External links

• BBC Bristol microsite on 1831 Queens Square riot
• Passages detailing the 1831 Queen's Square Riots and the Bristol Bridge Riot fromBristol Past And PresentbyJames Fawckner Nichollsand John Taylor, published in 1882.