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Bujumbura

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Coordinates:3°23′S29°22′E/ 3.383°S 29.367°E/-3.383; 29.367
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This article is about the city Bujumbura. For provinces with this name, seeBujumbura Province.
Bujumbura
Top: Bujumbura skyline; Middle: Monument to Independence Heroes, Downtown Bujumbura; Regina Mundi Cathedral, Beach at Lake Tanganyika
Nickname(s):
/ˌbʊdʒəmˈbʊrə/,/ˌbʊˈdʒʊmbʊrə/
Bujumbura is located in Burundi
Bujumbura
Bujumbura
Coordinates:3°23′S29°22′E/ 3.383°S 29.367°E/-3.383; 29.367
CountryBurundi
ProvinceBujumbura Mairie Province
Founded1871
Government
• MayorCP Jimmy Hatungimana
Area
• Urban
127 km2(49 sq mi)
Elevation
774 m (2,539 ft)
Population
(2023)[1]
• City374,809
•Urban
[2]
1,143,202
• Urban density9,000/km2(23,000/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+2(CAT)
ClimateAw
Websitewww.mairiebujumbura.gov.bi

Bujumbura(French pronunciation:[buʒumbuʁa];Kinyarwanda pronunciation:[buʒuᵐbuɾa]), formerlyUsumbura,is the economic capital, largest city and main port ofBurundi.It ships most of the country's chief export,coffee,as well ascottonandtinore. Bujumbura was formerly the country's political capital. In late December 2018, Burundian presidentPierre Nkurunzizaannounced that he would follow through on a 2007 promise to returnGitegaits former political capital status, with Bujumbura remaining as economical capital and center of commerce. A vote in theParliament of Burundimade the change official on 16 January 2019, with all branches of government expected to move to Gitega within three years.[3]

History

[edit]
See also:Timeline of Bujumbura

Bujumbura grew from a small village after it became a military post inGerman East Africain 1889. AfterWorld War Iit was made the administrative center of theBelgianLeague of Nationsmandate ofRuanda-Urundi.The name was changed from Usumbura to Bujumbura when Burundi became independent in 1962.[4]Since independence, Bujumbura has been the scene of frequent fighting between the country's two main ethnic groups, withHutumilitias opposing theTutsi-dominated Burundi army.

Geography

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Lake Tanganyika

Bujumbura is on the north-eastern shore ofLake Tanganyika,the seconddeepest lake in the worldafterLake Baikal.The city also lies at the mouth of theRuzizi Riverand two smaller rivers (Muha and Ntahangwa).

Climate

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Bujumbura features atropical savanna climate(Köppen:Aw)[5]bordering on ahot semi-arid climate(BSh). There are distinctwetanddryseasons. Its wet season is from October to April, while the dry season covers the remaining five months. Despite being located close to the equator, average temperatures are constant throughout the course of the year due to its altitude. The high temperature is around 29 °C (84 °F) and the low at around 19 °C (66 °F).

Climate data for Bujumbura (1961–1990, extremes 1950–1990)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 34.6
(94.3) 		35.0
(95.0) 		34.0
(93.2) 		35.0
(95.0) 		32.0
(89.6) 		32.0
(89.6) 		33.0
(91.4) 		33.0
(91.4) 		33.8
(92.8) 		34.3
(93.7) 		33.8
(92.8) 		34.8
(94.6) 		35.0
(95.0)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 29.1
(84.4) 		29.7
(85.5) 		29.3
(84.7) 		29.2
(84.6) 		29.9
(85.8) 		29.9
(85.8) 		29.2
(84.6) 		30.0
(86.0) 		30.9
(87.6) 		30.1
(86.2) 		29.1
(84.4) 		28.9
(84.0) 		29.6
(85.3)
Daily mean °C (°F) 23.8
(74.8) 		23.8
(74.8) 		23.7
(74.7) 		23.9
(75.0) 		23.9
(75.0) 		23.3
(73.9) 		22.9
(73.2) 		24.0
(75.2) 		24.7
(76.5) 		24.6
(76.3) 		23.4
(74.1) 		23.6
(74.5) 		23.8
(74.8)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 19.2
(66.6) 		19.3
(66.7) 		19.3
(66.7) 		19.6
(67.3) 		19.1
(66.4) 		17.6
(63.7) 		17.2
(63.0) 		17.4
(63.3) 		18.6
(65.5) 		19.1
(66.4) 		19.1
(66.4) 		19.1
(66.4) 		18.7
(65.7)
Record low °C (°F) 14.0
(57.2) 		15.4
(59.7) 		14.7
(58.5) 		15.1
(59.2) 		16.2
(61.2) 		13.9
(57.0) 		11.8
(53.2) 		13.0
(55.4) 		14.3
(57.7) 		14.0
(57.2) 		15.9
(60.6) 		15.0
(59.0) 		11.8
(53.2)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 100.3
(3.95) 		85.7
(3.37) 		117.5
(4.63) 		111.9
(4.41) 		56.6
(2.23) 		8.9
(0.35) 		2.7
(0.11) 		13.4
(0.53) 		33.0
(1.30) 		59.0
(2.32) 		97.1
(3.82) 		99.6
(3.92) 		785.7
(30.93)
Average rainy days(≥ 0.1 mm) 16 19 18 18 10 2 1 2 8 15 19 19 147
Averagerelative humidity(%) 77 75 78 79 76 67 63 60 62 68 76 77 72
Mean monthlysunshine hours 167.4 158.2 176.7 165.0 210.8 255.0 272.8 251.1 213.0 189.1 150.0 164.3 2,373.4
Mean dailysunshine hours 5.4 5.6 5.7 5.5 6.8 8.5 8.8 8.1 7.1 6.1 5.0 5.3 6.5
Source 1:World Meteorological Organization[6]
Source 2:Deutscher Wetterdienst(mean temperatures 1950–1990, humidity 1953–1990, and sun 1951–1990)[7]
Bujumbura panorama

Administration

[edit]
Downtown Bujumbura
A beach in Bujumbura on the north side of Lake Tanganyika

Bujumbura is governed by a community council and community administrator. It is further divided into threecommunes,or neighborhoods, each with its own council and council leader.[8]

Each of the three current communes were created from the 13 former communes (currently sub-communes), due to a 2014 reorganization, which in turn are further sub-divided into villages or zones:[9]

  • Commune of Muha
    • Kanyosha
      • Quarters: Gisyo-Nyabaranda, Gisyo, Musama I, Musama II, Musama III, Musama IV, Musama V, Nyabugete, Kizingwe-Bihara, Nkenga-Busoro, Ruziba, Kajiji
    • Kinindo
      • Quarters: Kibenga, Kinanira I, Kinanira II, Kinanira III, Kinanira IV, Kinindo, Zeimet-OUA
    • Musaga[sv]
      • Quarters: Gasekebuye-Gikoto, Gitaramuka, Kamesa, Kinanira I, Kinanira II
  • Commune of Mukaza
    • Buyenzi
      • Quarters: I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII
    • Bwiza[fr]
      • Quarters: Bwiza I, Bwiza II, Bwiza III, Bwiza IV, Kwijabe I, Kwijabe II, Kwijabe III
    • Nyakabiga[fr]
      • Quarters: Kigwati, Nyakabiga I, Nyakabiga II, Nyakabiga III
    • Rohero[sv]
      • Quarters: Centre Ville, Rohero I - Gatoke, Kabondo, Mutanga-Sud - Sororezo, Asiatique, I.N.S.S, Rohero II, Kiriri-Vugizo
  • Commune of Ntahangwa
    • Buterere
      • Quarters: Buterere I, Buterere II A, Buterere II B, Kabusa, Kiyange, Maramvya, Mubone, Mugaruro, Kiyange
    • Cibitoke[it]
      • Quarters: I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII
    • Gihosha
      • Quarters: Gasenyi, Gihosha, Gikungu, Kigobe, Mutanga-Nord, Muyaga, Nyabagere, Taba, Winterekwa
    • Kamenge[fr]
      • Quarters: Gikizi, Gituro, Heha, Kavumu, Mirango I, Mirango II, Songa, Teza, Twinyoni
    • Kigobe
      • Quarters: Kigobe Nord, Kigobe Sud
    • Kinama
      • Quarters: Bubanza, Buhinyuza, Bukirasazi I, Bukirasazi II, Bururi, Carama, Gitega, Kanga, Muramvya, Muyinga, Ngozi, Ruyigi, SOCARTI.
    • Ngagara[sv]
      • Quarters: I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, Industriel

Economy

[edit]
View of Bujumbura Market
Main article:Economy of Burundi

Bujumbura's central market is in the City Centre, along Rwagasore Avenue. During the1993 ethnic violence in Burundi,citizens had become less likely to travel far from the City Centre, and markets in neighbouring communities lost their business to the central market in Bujumbura. Consequently, vendors moved their business to the central market, many settling outside the market due to lack of space. However, the central market houses the largest variety of merchandise in the city, with stores that sell a wide range of goods.

At dawn of 27 January 2013 a serious fire ravaged Bujumbura's central market.[10]Due to poor emergency response, the fire lasted for hours, resulting in a serious blow to local exchanges. Hundreds of vendors, local and foreign, lost their goods to the fire and the reportedlooting.[11]While Burundi's emergency services were unable to extinguish the blaze on their own, neighbouring Rwanda sent helicopters to assist in the emergency response.[12]

Politics

[edit]

List of mayors of Bujumbura

  • Gérard Kibinakanwa, 1962–1967[13]
  • Thérence Ndikumasabo, 1967–1969
  • Pie Kanyoni, 1969–1975 and 1976–1977
  • Charles Kabunyoma, 1976
  • Juvénal Madirisha, 1977–1979
  • Germain Nkwirikiye, 1979–1981
  • Lucien Sakubu, 1981–1987
  • Léonidas Ndoricimpa, 1987–1991
  • Arthémon Mvuyekure, 1991–1992
  • Anatole Kanyenkiko, 1992–1993
  • Léonce Sinzinkayo, 1993–1994
  • Pie Ntiyankundiye, 1994–2002
  • Pontien Niyongabo, 2002–2005
  • Célestin Sebutama, 2005–2007
  • Elias Buregure, 2007
  • Evrard Giswaswa,c. 2008–2012[14]
  • Saidi Juma,c. 2012[15]
  • Freddy Mbonimpa, 2017–2020
  • Jimmy Hatungimana, 2020–
View of Bujumbura

Sports

[edit]

Bujumbura is the location for the city's multisportIntwari stadium.Mainly used forfootballgames, it is the country's largest stadium with 22,000 seats.

The city is also home to multiplebasketballandtenniscourts, as well as a multitude of indoor and outdoor swimming pools.

Education

[edit]
View of the university's buildings in Bujumbura

TheUniversity of Burundiis in Bujumbura, as areHope Africa University,Université Paix et Réconciliation, Université des Grands Lacs,Université du Lac Tanganyika,Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université Lumière de Bujumbura, Bujumbura International University (BIU), International University of Equator, International Leadership University of Bujumbura, Université Ntare Rugamba of Bujumbura, Université Sagesse d'Afrique de Bujumbura, Université Martin Luther King, Institut Supérieur de Développement de Bujumbura (ISD), Ecole Nationale d'Administration "ENA", Institut National de Santé Publique "INSP", Institut Supérieur de Gestion des Entreprises "ISGE", Institut Supérieur d'Ingénieurs et Cadres Techniciens en Génie Informatique, Télécommunications et Technologies Avancées "INITELEMATIQUE".

International schools:

Transport

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Bujumbura International Airport

TheBujumbura International Airportis situated on the outskirts of the city.

Public transport in Bujumbura mainly consists of taxis and mini-buses, locally known as theHiace.Public transport vehicles are generally white and blue.

The Bujumbura bus station

Bujumbura's taxis are abundant all over the city, and are considered the safest form of transportation. There are taxi-motos (motorcycle taxis) and taxis-vélos (bicycle taxis), although they are only available in certain parts of the city.

For long-distance travel, locals prefer to take the many Hiace full-size vans, which travel regularly across Burundi. Bujumbura's main bus terminal is located by the Central Market.

Health

[edit]

Bujumbura is also home to many clinics and the province's main hospitals: thePrince Regent Charles Hospital,theRoi Khaled Hospital,andKamenge Military Hospital.

Places of worship

[edit]
Regina Mundi Cathedral

Among theplaces of worshipare predominantlyChristianchurches and temples:Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bujumbura(Catholic Church),Province of the Anglican Church of Burundi(Anglican Communion),Union of Baptist Churches in Burundi(Baptist World Alliance), andAssemblies of God.[16]There are alsoMuslimmosques.

Culture

[edit]

Bujumbura's main attractions are its many museums, parks and monuments. Museums in the city include theBurundi Museum of Lifeand theBurundi Geological Museum.Other nearby attractions are theRusizi National Park,theLivingstone-Stanley Monument at Mugere(whereDavid LivingstoneandHenry Morton Stanleyvisited 14 days after their first historic meeting atUjijiin Tanzania), the presidential palace and thesourceof the southernmosttributaryof theNile,described locally as the source of the Nile.

Bujumbura was also home of the independent weekly radio programmeImagine Burundi,the country's first locally produced English-language programme that focused on stories about life in the region. The show was broadcast from September 2010 to August 2013, and recordings are archived on the show's website at imagineburundi.com.[17]

Demographics

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Bujumbura is projected to be the fourth fastest growing African continent city between 2020 and 2025, with a 5.75% growth.[18]

International relations

[edit]

Bujumbura istwinnedwith:

Notable people

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^Chislennost.comPopulation of Bujumbura city
  2. ^PopulationStatPopulation of Bujumbura, city and urban area
  3. ^"Burundi to change its capital city".BusinessGhana.18 January 2019.Retrieved10 January2020.
  4. ^Roman Adrian Cybriwsky,Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture,ABC-CLIO, USA, 2013, p. 72
  5. ^"Bujumbura - Climate graph, Temperature graph, Climate table".Climate-Data.org.Retrieved2014-07-28.
  6. ^ "World Weather Information Service - Bujumbura".World Meteorological Organization.RetrievedJanuary 23,2016.
  7. ^ "Klimatafel von Bujumbura (Usambara) / Burundi"(PDF).Baseline climate means (1961-1990) from stations all over the world(in German). Deutscher Wetterdienst.RetrievedDecember 19,2018.
  8. ^L’administration de la Municipalité de Bujumbura, official city websiteArchivedFebruary 6, 2009, at theWayback Machine
  9. ^https://www.refworld.org/docid/57f792e34.htmlRefworld | Burundi: List of all the neighbourhoods of Bujumbura, including the ethnicity and socio-economic status of the inhabitants of those neighbourhoods (2014-September 2016)
  10. ^Burundi: vaste incendie au marché central de BujumburaRadio France internationale,27 janvier 2013
  11. ^Incendie au marché central de Bujumbura: des Sénégalais dans la désolationAgoravox,25 Février 2013
  12. ^Rwandan Helicopters Extinguish Fire in Bujumbura Market"IGIHE",27 janvier, 2013
  13. ^"Succession à la tête de la Mairie de Bujumbura".Villedebujumbura.org(in French). Mairie de Bujumbura. Archived fromthe originalon 6 February 2009.Retrieved1 July2018.
  14. ^"Burundi: le maire de Bujumbura absent à son procès",Rfi.fr(in French), 5 October 2011
  15. ^"Le sénat approuve 7 gouverneurs",Isanganiro.org(in French), Burundi, 25 October 2012, archived fromthe originalon 1 September 2017,retrieved1 September2017
  16. ^J. Gordon Melton, Martin Baumann, ‘‘Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices’’, ABC-CLIO, USA, 2010, p.456
  17. ^Imagine BurundiArchived2017-09-30 at theWayback Machine"Imagine Burundi", 1 juillet 2012
  18. ^"Ranked: The World's Fastest Growing Cities".virtual capitalist. 13 August 2021. Archived fromthe originalon 13 August 2021.Retrieved2021-08-17.

Bibliography

[edit]
See also:Bibliography of the history of Bujumbura
[edit]

Media related toBujumburaat Wikimedia Commons


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