Burhanpur
Burhanpur
| |
|---|---|
City | |
     From top, left to right: Shahi Qila,Asirgarh Fort,Jama Masjid, Dargaah-e-Hakimi,Burhanpur railway station | |
  Burhanpur India Burhanpur  Burhanpur Burhanpur (India) | |
| Coordinates:21°18′41″N76°13′44″E/ 21.31139°N 76.22889°E | |
| Country |  India |
| State | Madhya Pradesh |
| District | Burhanpur |
| Founded | 1380 |
| Named for | Burhanuddin Gharib |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Smt. Madhuri Atul Patel (BJP)[2] |
| Area | |
| • Total | 34.6 km2(13.4 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 247 m (810 ft) |
| Population (2011)[3] | |
| • Total | 210,891 |
| • Density | 6,100/km2(16,000/sq mi) |
| Languages | |
| • Official | Hindi[4] |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30(IST) |
| PIN | 450331 |
| Telephone code | (+91) 7325 |
| ISO 3166 code | IN-MP |
| Vehicle registration | MP-68 |
| Website | burhanpur |
Burhanpuris a historical city in the Indian state ofMadhya Pradesh.It is the administrative seat ofBurhanpur District.It is situated on the north bank of theTapti Riverand 512 kilometres (318 mi) northeast of city ofMumbai,340 kilometres (211 mi) southwest of the state's capital city ofBhopal.The city is a Municipal Corporation.
History[edit]
Pre-Mughal period[edit]
Burhanpur was an important town under theRashtrakuta Dynastyfrom 753–982. Excavations of theTapti RiverandAsirgarh Forthave discovered many coins, goddess idols and temples from the prehistoric era. However, Burhanpur came to prominence during the medieval period.[citation needed]
In 1388, Malik Nasir Khan, theFaruqi dynastySultan ofKhandesh,discovered Burhanpur, at the behest ofShaikh Zainuddinand named it after a well-known medievalSufisaint,Burhan-ud-Din.Burhanpur became the capital of theKhandeshsultanate. Later, Miran Adil Khan II (reigned 1457–1501), another sultan of this dynasty, built a citadel and a number of palaces in Burhanpur.[5]During his long reign, Burhanpur was transformed into a major centre for trade and textile production.[citation needed]
Under the Mughals[edit]
In 1601, theMughalemperorAkbarannexed the Khandesh sultanate and Burhanpur became the capital ofKhandesh subah,[6]one of three new top-level provinces in theMughal empire,added in 1601 (likeBerar Subahin 1869 and Ahmadnagar subah in 1601–35) to the initial dozen as he conquered much of the Deccan.[citation needed]The town served as the residence of Khandesh's Mughal governor,Abdul Rahim Khan-i-Khanan,during Akbar and Jahangir's rule. He constructed a new water supply for the town, as well as several gardens.[7]In 1609, Mughal emperorJahangirappointed his second sonParvizto the governorship of the Mughal provinces of the Deccan, and the prince chose Burhanpur as his headquarters and his residence.[citation needed]
Many historical monuments survive in the area around Burhanpur, mainly dating from the rule of the great Mughal emperorShah Jahan.Burhanpur was an important Mughal outpost. Shah Jahan spent a considerable amount of time in this town, and helped add to theShahi Qila.The Shahi Qila is one majestic palace in Burhanpur, located to the west of the Tapti River. Diwan-i-Aam and Diwan-i-Khas were built on the terrace of the Qila. Little of it remains today, as the Qila is mostly in ruins. However, the parts of the palace that are still standing display exquisite sculpture and carvings. The main attraction at the palace is thehamamor royal bath. It was specifically built for Shah Jahan's wife,Mumtaz Mahalso that she could enjoy a luxurious bath. It is said that she died there while giving birth to her fourteenth child. Even today, the ceiling has many intricate paintings. One of these paintings depicts a monument which is said to have been the inspiration for theTaj Mahal,her final resting place.[8]She was initially buried there for six months before being moved. The original grave called the Aahukhana is in disrepair.[9][10]
Around 1670 Daud Khan was the Subhadar (Governor) of Khandesh province, under the rule ofAurangzeb.[11]
Maratha conquest[edit]
In the 1720s, the town was taken by the MarathaPeshwaBajiraoduring his expedition to Malwa and Delhi. In the 1750s, a Maratha army underSadashivrao Bhau,who defeated theNizam of Hyderabad,took control of the town. At the downfall of the Maratha Empire, the town was given to Maratha Sardar Holkar, Scindia, and then finally in 1818 was handed over to British by the Marathas.[12]
Geography[edit]
Burhanpur is situated on the southwestern border of Madhya Pradesh, near the banks of theTapti River.[13]
Demographics[edit]
As2011 Indian Census,population of Burhanpur in 2011 was 210,886, of which males and females were 108,187 and 102,699 respectively. The population in the age group of 0 to 6 years was 28,930, of which 15,035 were males and 13,895 were females. The total number of literates in Burhanpur was 147,056, which constituted 69.7% of the population with male literacy of 73.3% and female literacy of 65.9%. The effective literacy rate of 7+ population of Burhanpur was 80.8%, of which male literacy rate was 85.1% and female literacy rate was 76.3%. TheScheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribespopulation was 14,440 and 2,179 respectively. Burhanpur had 38118 households in 2011.[3]
IslamandHinduismis followed by 50.5% and 45.8 of the population respectively, with small number ofSikhsandChristians.[14]
Urduis the most commonly spoken language.HindiandMarathiare the other prominent languages.Gujarati,SindhiandMarwariare also spoken.Nimadiis the local dialect.[13][15]
Economy[edit]
Industries[edit]
Burhanpur is known for its textile industry. It is the largest hub for the power loom industry in the state. It is also known for having one NTC (National Textile Corporation) project. It has a number of textile companies which are well known for interlining cloths, Grey Markin, Bleached Dhoti, Cambric, Power loom Cloth bakram and other types of fabric. There are also several cotton and oil mills in the city.[16]
Tourism[edit]
Burhanpur was ruled by several dynasties,[17]and consequently has many visitor attractions of historical interest. It has three rivers, theTapti,theUtavaliand the Mohna, with several natural sights for visitors to Burhanpur. The city has four small ghats. Being the home of a very diverse population, Burhanpur has a notableGurudwara,[citation needed]Masjid,[18]Church, a world-famousDargah[19]
- Asirgarh Fort– The fort built by Asa Ahir of the Ahir dynasty is notable for its historical architecture. This fort during its prime time was difficult to win because of being built at a great height, with strong outer walls which are still standing intact. It is situated on Burhanpur-KhandwaHighway, 20 kilometres (12 mi) from Burhanpur.
- Shahi Qila– A rarefortwith a complete garden on its terrace. It was built in the Farooqi Dynasty and ruled byShahjahanfor a long period of time. His beloved wifeMumtazdied here and it is believed that theTaj Mahalwas decided to be made in Burhanpur before the plan was cancelled due to lack of white marble here at the time, though Mumtaz was buried here for six months after her death until Taj Mahal construction was completed.
- Jama Masjid – The Jama Masjid is a historic monument as well as a place of worship. It is centrally located in Gandhi Chowk. The construction of Jama Masjid started in Farooqi rule. The construction of the monument took very long and continued even after Farooqi leader Adil Shah's demise. Then Emperor Akbar supervised and completed the work of the Masjid. There are two largeminarets,three roundcupolasand extensive artwork on its symmetric pillars which are well conserved.[18]
- Dargah-e-Hakimi – The tomb complex 'Dargah-e-Hakimi' includes mosques, gardens, and accommodation facilities for visitors. Here the holyDawoodi Bohrasaint, SayyediAbdul Qadir Hakimuddinis buried, with hismonumentvisited by pilgrims from several countries.
- Tomb of Shah Nawaz Khan- The tomb of Shah Nawaz Khan is a visible grand tomb of the Mughal rule built of black stone on the banks of the Utavali River, at a distance of 2 kilometres north of Burhanpur. This building has its own special place among other buildings built during the Mughal period in Burhanpur. Shah Nawaz Khan's real name was 'Iraj'. He was born inAhmedabad(Gujarat). He was the eldest son of Subedar Abdul Rahim Khankhana of Burhanpur. This tomb is in good condition even after so many years. This place is considered the best tourist destination for the city residents.
Transport[edit]
Burhanpur is well connected to other cities of India via railway network. The city has onerailway station,while regular buses are available for travel to nearby cities. The closest airport isJalgaon Airport,a domestic airport, which is present on south side of the city, whileDevi Ahilya Bai Holkar Airportis the nearest customs airport within the state. TheChhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airportis the nearest international airport located inMumbaiin Maharashtra.
In popular culture[edit]
- The city is mentioned inJules Verne'sAround the World in 80 Daysas Burhampoor.[20]
See also[edit]
- Zainabadi Mahal,concubine of Aurangzeb from Zainabad in Burhanpur
References[edit]
- ^Mundy, Peter; Temple, Richard Carnac; Anstey, Lavinia Mary (1907).The travels of Peter Mundy in Europe and Asia, 1608-1667.Cambridge [Eng] Printed for the Hakluyt Society.ISBN978-0-8115-0338-9.
- ^"MP Civic Polls Result: बुरहानपुर में BJP की मेयर प्रत्याशी माधुरी पटेल की जीत, चौथी बार नगर निगम पर बीजेपी का कब्जा".TV9 Bharatvarsh(in Hindi). 17 July 2022.Retrieved20 July2022.
- ^ab"Census of India: Burhanpur".www.censusindia.gov.in.Retrieved26 October2019.
- ^"52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India"(PDF).Nclm.nic.in.Ministry of Minority Affairs.p. 45. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 25 May 2017.Retrieved30 August2019.
- ^Shyam, Radhey (1981).The Kingdom of Khandesh.Delhi:Idarah-i-Adabiyat-i-Delli. p. 21.
- ^Sen, Sailendra (2013).A Textbook of Medieval Indian History.Primus Books. p. 164.ISBN978-9-38060-734-4.
- ^Michell, George; Zebrowski, Mark (1999).Architecture and art of the Deccan Sultanates.Cambridge Univ. Press. p. 53.ISBN0-521-56321-6.OCLC231789599.
- ^[1][dead link]
- ^Safvi, Rana (2 April 2017)."In neglected Burhanpur, where Mumtaz Mahal once rested".The Hindu.Retrieved31 October2018.
- ^M., Ramakrishnan; Nair, Sanjeev (3 November 2017)."Video: Why Burhanpur, not Agra, was Shah Jahan's first choice for the Taj Mahal".Scroll.in.Retrieved5 June2023.
- ^Sarkar, Jadunath (1919).Shivaji And His Times.London, England. p. 195.
{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^Jaswant Lal Mehta (1 January 2005).Advanced Study in the History of Modern India 1707-1813.Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. pp. 212–.ISBN978-1-932705-54-6.Retrieved2 June2012.
- ^ab"जिला बुरहानपुर, मध्यप्रदेश शासन | दक्षिण का द्वार | भारत".burhanpur.nic.in/(in Hindi).Retrieved5 May2022.
- ^ab"Table C-1 Population By Religious Community: Madhya Pradesh".censusindia.gov.in.Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
- ^ab"Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Chhattisgarh".www.censusindia.gov.in.Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
- ^"Brief Industrial Profile of Burhanpur District"(PDF).Government of India Ministry of MSME. p. 3. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 22 March 2020.Retrieved24 November2019.
- ^"History of Burhanpur, British Rule in Burhanpur, Origin of Burhanpur".Burhanpuronline.in.Retrieved19 October2015.
- ^ab"Burhanpur Tourism, Tourist Places in Burhanpur, Sightseeing Burhanpur".Burhanpuronline.in.Retrieved19 October2015.
- ^"Things to Do - Dargah E Hakimi Burhanpur, Burhanpur, Madhya Pradesh".Nivalink.com.Retrieved19 October2015.
- ^"The Project Gutenberg eBook of Around the World in Eighty Days, by Jules Verne".www.gutenberg.org.Retrieved6 October2020.
External links[edit]
