Burma Road
Burma Road | |||||||
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Traditional Chinese | Điền miến công lộ | ||||||
Simplified Chinese | Điền miến công lộ | ||||||
Literal meaning | Yunnan–BurmaHighway | ||||||
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![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Hump_and_Burma_Road.png/250px-The_Hump_and_Burma_Road.png)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Ledo_Burma_Roads_Assam-Burma-China.gif/200px-Ledo_Burma_Roads_Assam-Burma-China.gif)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Workers_with_hand_tools_building_Burma_Road2.jpg/200px-Workers_with_hand_tools_building_Burma_Road2.jpg)
TheBurma Road(Chinese:Điền miến công lộ) was a road linking Burma (now known asMyanmar) withsouthwest China.Its terminals wereLashio,Burma, in the south andKunming,China, the capital ofYunnanprovince in the north. It was built in 1937–1938 while Burma was aBritish colonyto convey supplies to China during theSecond Sino-Japanese War.Preventing the flow of supplies on the road helped motivate theoccupation of Burmaby theEmpire of Japanin 1942 duringWorld War II.Use of the road was restored to the Allies in 1945 after the completion of theLedo Road.Some parts of the old road are still visible today.[1]
History[edit]
The road is 717 miles (1,154 km) long and runs through rough mountain country.[2]The sections from Kunming to the Burmese border were built by 200,000 Burmese and Chinese laborers during theSecond Sino-Japanese Warin 1937 and completed by 1938 in order to circumvent the Japanese blockade of China.[3][4]The construction project was coordinated byChih-Ping Chen.
DuringWorld War II,theAlliesused the Burma Road to transportmaterielto aid China's war effort, especially after China lost sea-access following the loss ofNanningin theBattle of South Guangxi.Supplies from San Francisco for example would land at Rangoon (nowYangon), moved by rail toLashiowhere the road started in Burma, up steep gradients before crossing into China over theWandingbridge. The Chinese stretch of the road continued for some five hundred miles through ruralYunnanterrain before ending up in Kunming.[3]
In July 1940, Britain yielded to Japanese diplomatic pressure and closed the Burma Road for three months.[5]: 299 The Japanese overran Burma in 1942, closing the Burma Road. The Allies thereafter supplied China by air, flying "overThe Hump"from India, which initially proved fatally dangerous and woefully inadequate, leading U.S. army generalJoseph Stilwellto obsessively pursue the goal of reopening the Burma Road.[3]
The Alliesrecaptured northern Burmain late 1944, which allowed theLedo RoadfromLedo, Assamto connect to the old Burma Road at Wanding, Yunnan province. The first trucks reached the Chinese frontier by this route on January 28, 1945.[6]
First convoy reached Kunming on February 2, 1945.
Films set on the Burma Road[edit]
- Burma Convoy(1941)
- A Yank on the Burma Road(1942)
- Bombs over Burma(1942)
- Objective, Burma!(1945)
The construction of the road also features inThe Battle of China(1944), the sixth film ofFrank Capra'sWhy We Fightpropaganda filmseries.[7]
Further reading[edit]
- C. T. Chang:Burma Road,Malaysia Publications, Singapore 1964.[ISBN missing]
- Forbes, Andrew; Henley, David (2011).China's Ancient Tea Horse Road.Chiang Mai: Cognoscenti Books.ASINB005DQV7Q2
- Jon Latimer:Burma:The Forgotten War.John Murray, London 2004,ISBN0-7195-6576-6.
- Donovan Webster:The Burma Road: The Epic Story of the China-Burma-India Theater in World War II.Farrar Straus & Giroux, New York, 2003,ISBN0-374-11740-3.
- Smith, Nicol (1940).Burma Road: The Story of the World's Most Romantic Highway.New York: The Bobbs-Merrill Company.[ISBN missing]
- Tan, Pei-Ying.The Building of the Burma Road.Whittlesey house, 1945.ASINB000I1C4XW
See also[edit]
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png)
- Ledo Road
- Tea Horse Road,ancient Silk Road segment over the same area
- Hangrui Expressway,the modern road along this route
- Yunnan-Burma Railway
- Burma Road (Israel),wartime makeshift named for the original Burma Road
References[edit]
- ^Voy: Burma Road
- ^"Burma Road – Britannica Online Encyclopedia".Archivedfrom the original on 2008-11-18.Retrieved2010-05-04.
- ^abcBernstein, Richard (2014).China 1945: Mao's revolution and America's fateful choice(First ed.). New York. pp. 12–13.ISBN9780307595881.
{{cite book}}
:CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^Seagrave, Gordon S.,Burma Surgeon,W. W. Norton & Company, New York, 1943[ISBN missing]
- ^Lorraine Glennon.Our Times: An Illustrated History of the 20th Century.October 1995.ISBN9781878685582
- ^Winston Churchill.The Second World War,v. VI, chap. 11.
- ^Brinkley, Douglas;Haskew, Michael(2004).The World War II desk reference.HarperCollins.p.368.ISBN0-06-052651-3.RetrievedNovember 1,2010.
External links[edit]
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png)
- Merrill's Marauders: Protecting The Burma Road
- Burma Road photos
- WW2 - Campaigns in BurmaWorld War II Burma Road video
- WWII - Why We Fight - The Battle of China 1943video 1
- WWII - Why We Fight - The Battle of China 1943video 2
- Life-line to China Re-Opened, 1945/02/12 (1945)Universal Newsreel
- The Ghost RoadMark Jenkins,Outside (magazine),October 2003
- Blood, Sweat and Toil along the Burma RoadDonovan Webster,National Geographic Magazine,November 2003
- China to Europe via a new Burma roadDavid Fullbrook,Asia Times,September 23, 2004
- On the way to MandalayThe Sydney Morning Herald,August 16, 2008
- Los Angeles Times,"Burma's Stilwell Road: A backbreaking WWII project is revived",December 30, 2008.
- Transcribed copies of Joseph Warren Stilwell's World War II diariesArchived2014-06-03 at theWayback Machineare available on the Hoover Institution Archives website, with the original diaries among theJoseph Warren Stilwell papersat the Hoover Institution Archives.
- Transcribed copies of the World War II diaries of Ernest F. Easterbrook,Stilwell's executive assistant in Burma (as of 1944) and son-in-law, are available on the Hoover Institution Archives website, with the original diaries among theErnest Fred Easterbrook papersat the Hoover Institution Archives.
- For tours along the Burma Road.