CXCL5
C-X-C motif chemokine 5(CXCL5or ENA78) is aproteinthat in humans is encoded by theCXCL5gene.[5][6]
Function
[edit]The protein encoded by this gene, CXCL5 is a smallcytokinebelonging to theCXC chemokinefamily that is also known as epithelial-derived neutrophil-activatingpeptide78 (ENA-78). It is produced following stimulation of cells with the inflammatory cytokinesinterleukin-1ortumor necrosis factor-alpha.[7]Expression of CXCL5 has also been observed ineosinophils,and can be inhibited with the type IIinterferonIFN-γ.[8]This chemokine stimulates the chemotaxis ofneutrophilspossessingangiogenicproperties. It elicits these effects by interacting with the cell surfacechemokine receptorCXCR2.[8]Thegenefor CXCL5 has fourexonsand is located on humanchromosome 4amongst several other CXC chemokine genes.[7][9]CXCL5 has been implicated inconnective tissueremodelling.[8]CXCL5 has been also described to regulate neutrophil homeostasis.[10]
Clinical significance
[edit]CXCL5 plays a role in reducing sensitivity tosunburn painin some subjects, and is a "potential target which can be utilized to understand more about pain in otherinflammatory conditionslikearthritisandcystitis.".[11]CXCL5 is well known to havechemotacticand activating functions on neutrophil, mainly during acute inflammatory responses. However CXCL5 expression is also higher inatherosclerosis(a chronic inflammatory condition) but is not associated with neutrophil infiltration. Instead CXCL5 has a protective role in atherosclerosis by directly controlling macrophagefoam cellformation.[12]
References
[edit]- ^abcGRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000163735–Ensembl,May 2017
- ^abcGRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000029371–Ensembl,May 2017
- ^"Human PubMed Reference:".National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^"Mouse PubMed Reference:".National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^Chang MS, McNinch J, Basu R, Simonet S (Nov 1994)."Cloning and characterization of the human neutrophil-activating peptide (ENA-78) gene".J Biol Chem.269(41): 25277–82.doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)47243-2.PMID7929219.
- ^"Entrez Gene: CXCL5 chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 5".
- ^abChang MS, McNinch J, Basu R, Simonet S (1994)."Cloning and characterization of the human neutrophil-activating peptide (ENA-78) gene".J. Biol. Chem.269(41): 25277–82.doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)47243-2.PMID7929219.
- ^abcPersson T, Monsef N, Andersson P, Bjartell A, Malm J, Calafat J, Egesten A (2003). "Expression of the neutrophil-activating CXC chemokine ENA-78/CXCL5 by human eosinophils".Clin. Exp. Allergy.33(4): 531–7.doi:10.1046/j.1365-2222.2003.01609.x.PMID12680872.S2CID2449190.
- ^O'Donovan N, Galvin M, Morgan JG (1999). "Physical mapping of the CXC chemokine locus on human chromosome 4".Cytogenet. Cell Genet.84(1–2): 39–42.doi:10.1159/000015209.PMID10343098.S2CID8087808.
- ^Mei J, Liu Y, Dai N, Hoffmann C, Hudock KM, Zhang P, Guttentag SH, Kolls JK, Oliver PM, Bushman FD, Worthen GS (2012)."Cxcr2 and Cxcl5 regulate the IL-17/G-CSF axis and neutrophil homeostasis in mice".Journal of Clinical Investigation.122(3): 974–986.doi:10.1172/JCI60588.PMC3287232.PMID22326959.
- ^Dawes JM, Calvo M, Perkins JR, Paterson KJ, Kiesewetter H, Hobbs C, Kaan TK, Orengo C, Bennett DL, McMahon SB (July 2011)."CXCL5 Mediates UVB Irradiation-Induced Pain".Sci Transl Med.3(90): 90ra60.doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3002193.PMC3232447.PMID21734176.
- Howard Lovy (July 11, 2011)."Sunburn pain discovery could lead to better arthritis treatments".FierceBiotech.Archived fromthe originalon 2011-07-13.
- ^Rousselle A, Qadri F, Leukel L, Yilmaz R, Fontaine JF, Sihn G, Bader M, Ahluwalia A, Duchene J (2013)."CXCL5 limits macrophage foam cell formation in atherosclerosis".Journal of Clinical Investigation.123(3): 1343–7.doi:10.1172/JCI66580.PMC3582141.PMID23376791.
External links
[edit]- HumanCXCL5genome location andCXCL5gene details page in theUCSC Genome Browser.
Further reading
[edit]- Duchene J, Lecomte F, Ahmed S, Cayla C, Pesquero J, Bader M, Perretti M, Ahluwalia A (2007)."A novel inflammatory pathway involved in leukocyte recruitment: role for the kinin B1 receptor and the chemokine CXCL5".J. Immunol.179(7): 4849–56.doi:10.4049/jimmunol.179.7.4849.PMC3696729.PMID17878384.
- Walz A, Schmutz P, Mueller C, Schnyder-Candrian S (1997). "Regulation and function of the CXC chemokine ENA-78 in monocytes and its role in disease".J. Leukoc. Biol.62(5): 604–11.doi:10.1002/jlb.62.5.604.PMID9365115.S2CID20141618.
- Struyf S, Proost P, Van Damme J (2004).Regulation of the Immune Response by the Interaction of Chemokines and Proteases.Advances in Immunology. Vol. 81. pp. 1–44.doi:10.1016/S0065-2776(03)81001-5.ISBN978-0-12-022481-4.PMID14711052.
- Walz A, Burgener R, Car B, et al. (1992)."Structure and neutrophil-activating properties of a novel inflammatory peptide (ENA-78) with homology to interleukin 8".J. Exp. Med.174(6): 1355–62.doi:10.1084/jem.174.6.1355.PMC2119025.PMID1744577.
- Power CA, Furness RB, Brawand C, Wells TN (1995). "Cloning of a full-length cDNA encoding the neutrophil-activating peptide ENA-78 from human platelets".Gene.151(1–2): 333–4.doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90682-3.PMID7828901.
- Corbett MS, Schmitt I, Riess O, Walz A (1995). "Characterization of the gene for human neutrophil-activating peptide 78 (ENA-78)".Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.205(1): 612–7.doi:10.1006/bbrc.1994.2709.PMID7999089.
- Koch AE, Kunkel SL, Harlow LA, et al. (1994)."Epithelial neutrophil activating peptide-78: a novel chemotactic cytokine for neutrophils in arthritis".J. Clin. Invest.94(3): 1012–8.doi:10.1172/JCI117414.PMC295150.PMID8083342.
- Power CA, Clemetson JM, Clemetson KJ, Wells TN (1996). "Chemokine and chemokine receptor mRNA expression in human platelets".Cytokine.7(6): 479–82.doi:10.1006/cyto.1995.0065.PMID8580362.
- Ahuja SK, Murphy PM (1996)."The CXC chemokines growth-regulated oncogene (GRO) alpha, GRObeta, GROgamma, neutrophil-activating peptide-2, and epithelial cell-derived neutrophil-activating peptide-78 are potent agonists for the type B, but not the type A, human interleukin-8 receptor".J. Biol. Chem.271(34): 20545–50.doi:10.1074/jbc.271.34.20545.PMID8702798.
- Keates S, Keates AC, Mizoguchi E, et al. (1997). "Enterocytes are the primary source of the chemokine ENA-78 in normal colon and ulcerative colitis".Am. J. Physiol.273(1 Pt 1): G75–82.doi:10.1152/ajpgi.1997.273.1.G75.PMID9252512.
- Wuyts A, Proost P, Lenaerts JP, et al. (1998). "Differential usage of the CXC chemokine receptors 1 and 2 by interleukin-8, granulocyte chemotactic protein-2 and epithelial-cell-derived neutrophil attractant-78".Eur. J. Biochem.255(1): 67–73.doi:10.1046/j.1432-1327.1998.2550067.x.PMID9692902.
- Wyrick PB, Knight ST, Paul TR, et al. (1999)."Persistent chlamydial envelope antigens in antibiotic-exposed infected cells trigger neutrophil chemotaxis".J. Infect. Dis.179(4): 954–66.doi:10.1086/314676.PMID10068592.
- Wuyts A, Govaerts C, Struyf S, et al. (1999). "Isolation of the CXC chemokines ENA-78, GRO alpha and GRO gamma from tumor cells and leukocytes reveals NH2-terminal heterogeneity. Functional comparison of different natural isoforms".Eur. J. Biochem.260(2): 421–9.doi:10.1046/j.1432-1327.1999.00166.x.PMID10095777.
- Hogaboam CM, Bone-Larson CL, Steinhauser ML, et al. (1999)."Novel CXCR2-dependent liver regenerative qualities of ELR-containing CXC chemokines".FASEB J.13(12): 1565–74.doi:10.1096/fasebj.13.12.1565.hdl:2027.42/154508.PMID10463948.S2CID7043800.
- Luu NT, Rainger GE, Nash GB (2000)."Differential ability of exogenous chemotactic agents to disrupt transendothelial migration of flowing neutrophils".J. Immunol.164(11): 5961–9.doi:10.4049/jimmunol.164.11.5961.PMID10820279.
- Crane IJ, Wallace CA, McKillop-Smith S, Forrester JV (2000)."Control of chemokine production at the blood–retina barrier".Immunology.101(3): 426–33.doi:10.1046/j.0019-2805.2000.01105.x.PMC2327097.PMID11106948.
- Zhang C, Thornton MA, Kowalska MA, et al. (2001)."Localization of distal regulatory domains in the megakaryocyte-specific platelet basic protein/platelet factor 4 gene locus".Blood.98(3): 610–7.doi:10.1182/blood.V98.3.610.PMID11468158.
- Chandrasekar B, Melby PC, Sarau HM, et al. (2003)."Chemokine-cytokine cross-talk. The ELR+ CXC chemokine LIX (CXCL5) amplifies a proinflammatory cytokine response via a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-NF-kappa B pathway".J. Biol. Chem.278(7): 4675–86.doi:10.1074/jbc.M207006200.PMID12468547.
- Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003)."Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences".Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.99(26): 16899–903.Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916899M.doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899.PMC139241.PMID12477932.