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Cairo Metro

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Cairo Metro
The Cairo Metro (line 2)
The Cairo Metro (line 2)
Overview
Native nameمترو أنفاق القاهرة
OwnerNational Authority for Tunnels (Egyptian state)[1]
LocaleGreater Cairo,Egypt
Transit typeRapid transit
Number of lines3
Number of stations84[2][Note 1]
Daily ridership2.2 million[3]
Annual ridership795.8 million (2020)[3]
WebsiteCairo Metro(in English)
Operation
Began operation27 September 1987;36 years ago(1987-09-27)[2]
Operator(s)
  • Line 1: The Egyptian Co. for Metro Management & Operation[4]
  • Line 2: The Egyptian Co. for Metro Management & Operation[5]
  • Line 3:RATP Dev(15 years)
CharacterMixed
Underground, At-grade and Elevated
Technical
System length
  • Line 1: 44 km[6]
  • Line 2: 21.6 km[7]
  • Line 3: 41.2 km[8]
Track gauge1,435 mm(4 ft8+1⁄2in)standard gauge
ElectrificationLine 1:Overhead line,1.5kVDC[9]
Line 2:Third rail,750 V DC[10]
Line 3: Third rail
Cairo Metro
Legend
 Adly Mansour3
Haykestep
1New Marg
Omar Ibn El Khattab
El-Marg
Qubaa
Ezbet El-Nakhl
Hesham Barakat
Ain Shams
El Nozha
El-Matareyya
El Shams Club
Helmeyet El-Zaitoun
Alf Masken
Hadayeq El-Zaitoun
Heliopolis
Saray El-Qobba
Airport
Hammamat El-Qobba
Sheraton
Kobri El-Qobba
Military Academy
Manshiet El-Sadr
Al-Hegaz 2
El-Demerdash
Al-Hegaz Square
Ghamra
Haroun
2Shubra Al Khaimah
Al-Ahram
Koliet El-Zeraa
Koleyet El-Banat
Mezallat
Stadium
Khalafawy
Fair Zone
St. Teresa
Abbassiya
Rod El-Farag
Abdou Pasha
Masarra
El-Geish
Al-Shohadaa
Bab El Shaariya
Orabi
Attaba
Nasser
Mohamed Naguib
Maspero
Sadat
Safaa Hijazy
Saad Zaghloul
Kit-Kat
Al-Sayeda Zeinab
El-Malek El-Saleh
Sudan
Mar Girgis
Imbaba
El-Zahraa
El-Bohy
Dar El-Salam
El-Qawmia
Hadayek El-Maadi
Ring Road
Maadi
3Rod El Farag Corridor
Sakanat El-Maadi
Tawfikia
Tora El-Balad
Wadi El Nile
Opera
Gamet El Dowal
Dokki
Boulak El Dakrour
El Bohoth
3Cairo University
Kozzika
Faisal
Tura El-Esmant
Giza
Elmasraa
Omm El-Masryeen
Hadayek Helwan
Sakiat Mekky
Wadi Hof
2El Monib
Helwan University
Ain Helwan
Helwan1

TheCairo Metro(Arabic:مترو أنفاق القاهرة,romanized:Metro Anfāq al-Qāhirah,lit. "Cairo Tunnel Metro" orمترو الأنفاقpronounced[ˈmetɾolʔænˈfæːʔ]) is arapid transitsystem inGreater Cairo,Egypt.It was the first of the three full-fledged metro systems inAfricaand the first in theMiddle Eastto be constructed.[11][12]It was opened in 1987 asLine 1fromHelwantoRamses Squarewith a length of 29 kilometres (18.0 mi).[13]As of 2013, the metro carried nearly 4 million passengers per day.[14]As of 15 May 2024, the Cairo Metro has 84 stations[2]of which 5 are transfer stations, with a total length of 106.8 kilometres (66.4 mi). The system consists of three operational lines[2]numbered 1 to 3.[13]

The Cairo Metro is owned by the National Authority for Tunnels.[13]The lines usestandard gauge(1,435 mm(4 ft8+1⁄2in)).[2]

Operations[edit]

Old Cairo Metro turnstile gates (standard ticket); In mid-2010s, those turnstiles were phased out and replaced with newer ones
Old Cairo Metro ticket (front side)
Old Cairo Metro ticket (back side)

The middle two cars (4th and 5th) of each train have beenreserved for womensince 1989[15](the 5th car becomes mixed-use after 21:00). There are blue signs (pink on the first and second lines) at every station that signify the position of these cars. These cars are used as an option for women who do not wish to ride with men in the same car; however, women can still ride other cars freely. This policy was introduced to the protection of women fromsexual harassmentby men.[16]

Cairo Metro operates from 05:00 to 01:00 (except duringRamadan,when it operates from 05:00 to 02:00), with the remaining hours reserved for maintenance work.[17]

The ticket price was£E1 for each journey, regardless of distance.[18]The Ministry of Transportation agreed to double the ticket prices, starting from Friday 24 March 2017, costing £E2 for the normal ticket, £E1.5 for the ticket of the minor, £E1 for the special needs ticket[19][20]after formerly costing £E1, £E0.75 and £E0.5, respectively. Again on 10 May 2018, the ministry of transportation agreed to raise the ticket prices to be £E3 for 9 stops, £E5 for 16 stops and £E7 for more than 16 stops.[21]As of July 2020, 9 stops cost £E5, 16 stops cost £E7, and rides exceeding 16 stops cost £E10.[22]

Network[edit]

See also:List of Cairo Metro stations
Line Termini Opened Latest
extension 		Length Stations
1 New Marg – Helwan[23] 1987 1999 44 km (27 mi)[6] 35[23][24]
2 Shubra Al Khaimah – El Monib[23] 1996 2005 21.6 km (13.4 mi)[25][26] 20[23][24]
3 Rod El Farag Corridor/Cairo University – Adly Mansour 2012 2024[27][28] 41.2 km (25.6 mi) 34
Total: 106.8 km (66.4 mi) 84[Note 2]

Line 1[edit]

Main article:Cairo Metro Line 1

Line 1 (blue) is the oldest line of the Cairo Metro and the first metro to open in Africa and the Middle East, with its first 29-kilometre (18.0 mi) segment having opened in 1987.[13]The line is 44 kilometres (27 mi) long and serves 35 stations.[6]This line carries trains with 3 units (9train cars),[13]which have aheadwayof 3.5 to 4 minutes, and a maximum speed of 80 km/h (50 mph).[13]The line can carry 60,000 passengers per hour in each direction.[29]: 32 

Line 1 has atrain driving simulatorsupplied by Transurb Technirail that won the international tender issued by Cairo Metro in 2011.[30]

Line 2[edit]

Main article:Cairo Metro Line 2

Line 2 (red) is the second line of the Cairo Metro, first opening in 1996. The line is 21.6 kilometres (13.4 mi) long,[25]of which 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) are in tunnels. It serves 20 stations, of which 12 are underground.[25]It is mostly in the bored tunnel, with two exceptions: a short section at the northern end approaching Shubra El Kheima which is elevated, and a section just south of this by cut-and-cover. Line 2 uses thethird railelectrification system instead of the overhead line used in the first line.[31]The communication extension for line 2 was provided by Alcatel in 2005.[32]

The minimum headway for the line is 2.7 to 3 minutes.

Line 2 has a simulator installed in Shubra since 2002[citation needed]which was delivered by French company CORYS.[33]

The first tunnel to be built under theNile Rivercarries Line 2 across the river.[34]

Line 3[edit]

Main article:Cairo Metro Line 3

Line 3 (green) is currently the newest, opening the first section in 2012. It presently operates from Rod El-Farag Corridor andCairo Universityto Adly Mansour. Eventually, it will be extended toCairo International Airport.The line crosses under the two branches of the River Nile, as does Line 2. The total length of the line will be approximately 50 kilometres (31.1 mi), most of which are in the bored tunnel, and will be implemented in four phases.[35]

Phase 1 from Attaba station toAbbassia stationopened in 21 February 2012,[36]with five stations and a total length of 4.3 kilometres (2.7 mi).[12][37]Phase 2 to Al Ahram Station was opened in 7 May 2014, byAdly Mansour,[38][39]with four additional stations and an added length of 7.7 kilometres (4.8 mi),[37]for a total length of 12.0 kilometres (7.5 mi). Phase 4A from Al Ahram to El Shams Club opened in 15 June 2019 (except for Heliopolis Square station which opened later that year).[40]Phase 3A from Attaba station to Kit Kat station opened in October 2022. Phase 3B from Kit Kat station to Rod El-Farag Corridor station opened in January 2024, adding six more stations and 6.6 kilometres (4.1 mi).[41]and began revenue service on 1 January 2024.[27]Phase 3C from Kit Kat to Cairo University was opened in 15 May 2024.[28]

History[edit]

Background[edit]

As the biggest and most densely populatedmegacityinAfricaand theMiddle East,Greater Cairohad a strong case for a metro. In 1987 that population stood at 10 million residents, not counting the two million or so commuters who came into Cairo every day to work.[29]: 11 The capacity of Cairo's public transport infrastructure was around 20,000 passengers/hour, which increased to 60,000 after the construction of the metro.[29]: 14 

Proposed plans[edit]

The idea of a metro was first proposed in the 1930s by engineer Saiyed Abdel Wahed of theEgyptian Railway Authority,[29]: 15 however, the idea did not progress. Following theEgyptian Revolution of 1952,there was renewed interest in the idea. In 1954 French experts made a report about the future of the transportation in Egypt. They proposed a metro encompassing two lines, one 12 km (7.5 mi) long line connectingBab al-LouqandIsmailiaand a second 5 km (3.1 mi) line connectingBoulaqand Abou al-Ela Castle. They also proposed that there should be one company in charge of all transportation systems.[29]: 15 

Later on, multiple experts came to Egypt regarding that project:Sovietexperts in 1956,Japaneseexperts in 1960 and French experts in 1962, which concluded the following: The creation of a metro system with multiple lines. The first is a 5 km (3.1 mi) line connectingHelwanwithEl-Marggoing under Kasr el Eini street and Ramses Street.[29]: 15 The second line would be fromSayyidah Zaynab MosquetoShobragoing underDowntown Cairoand would be 9.5 km (5.9 mi) long.[29]: 15 The third would be fromGizatoAbbaseyaand would be 11.5 km (7.1 mi) long. The fourth would be from Al Awqaf to the Castle and would be 6.7 km (4.2 mi) long.[29]: 15 

In 1964, British experts advised the creation of a metro line from Bab El Louk to Shubra.[29]: 16 In 1966 Japanese experts advised the creation of a lane between Helwan and El Marg and another one going throughMohandiseen,Heliopolisand 26 of July Street, for a total of 26 km (16.2 mi).[29]: 16 Lastly, in 1969, the government approved the need for a study showing the needed capacity for Cairo's transportation system.[29]: 16 The EgyptianMinistry of Transportissued an internationaltenderfor the creation of the study. Eight companies applied and the French companySOFRETUwon the tender on 20 September 1970.[29]: 17 The study was finished in 1973 and included mainly the study of the population development inCairoand its needs for transportation capacity in 1980, 1985 and 1990. It concluded the necessity for three lines in greater Cairo to solve the transportation problem.[29]: 18  The first line would use the already available railways (Helwan-Bab El luk and Al Laymoun Bridge-El Marg) and connect them through a metro. It would be in total 43 km (26.7 mi) long. The second line would be 13.5 km (8.4 mi) and connectShubra El-KheimaandBulaqgoing through Ramses Street andTahrir Square.The third line would go from El Darasa toImbabaand would be in total 10 km (6.2 mi) long.[29]: 19 

The priority for the project was the first line which would reduce 30% of the daily transport to and from Cairo and would incorporate pre-existing rail infrastructure.[29]: 19 The detailed study of the construction took 6 years from 1975 to 1981.[29]: 19 A tender was made for the construction of the metro and the Egyptian-French company Entra Nevra Arabco won it and had the task of constructing the metro system.[29]: 20 

Construction works[edit]

The construction of Line 1 started in 1982 after the French government agreed on giving Egypt the necessary loan. The first section was opened in 27 September 1987[2]and the line was completed in 1989 connecting Helwan withEl Margand consisting of 34 stations with a total length of 42.5 km of which 4.7 km underground.[42]In 1999, New El Marg station was added to the northern end of the line, bringing its total length to 44 km.[6]Helwan University station was built between Wadi Houf and Ain Helwan stations.[31]

Cairo's metro network was greatly expanded in the mid-1990s with the building of Line 2, from Shoubra El Kheima toCairo University,with an extension toGiza.The line includes the first tunnel under theNile.[43][44]The construction of the line was finished in October 2000, and it was later extended to El Mounib.[43]

Proposed lines[edit]

Cairo Metro, LRT, and monorail expansion plans

Line 4 (October-Oasis Highway - the Police Academy)[edit]

Line 4 is planned to run from Haram District to theNew Cairodistrict, connecting Greater Cairo from West to East. It will cross the two branches of the Nile river and have a total length of 24 kilometres (14.9 mi).[11][12] Construction began in 2024 for completion in 2028.[45][46]

Phase 1 (west) of the project will run fromEl-Malek El-Saleh Station(Interchange with Line 1) to theOctober-Oasis Highway Stationwith a total length of 18 km, passing throughGiza Railway Station(Interchange with Line 2);[47][48]the original plan for phase 1 was for it to start fromEl-Malek El-Saleh Stationand end at theGrand Egyptian MuseumStationwith a total length of 10 km, but the Ministry of Roads & Transportation decided to extend the Line in their efforts to further connect the Governorate of 6 October to theGreater CairoArea; Phase 1 also includes the plan to connect the end of Line 4 to the suburbs of 6 October mainly through executingThe October 6th Tram system(TheO6T) which will be by using atram-trainsystem supplied with the AlstomRegio-Citadistrams.[49]This phase will have 15 stations to be constructed with a duration of 6.5 years.[31]Phase 1 stations will be equipped with an automatic fare collection system and platform screen doors, and will include elevators for the use of disabled passengers.[31] Phase 1 bidding was postponed until May 2015 to enableJapan International Cooperation Agency(JICA) to complete the feasibility study and to resolve other problems with the construction starting by 2015 or 2016 according to Ismail El-Nagdy, Chairman of the National Authority for Tunnels with Japan International Cooperation Agency financing a $1.2 billion loan, while Egyptian government would cover the remainder, $2.4 billion.[47][48][50][51]

Phase 2 will begin fromEl-Malek El-Saleh Station,passing east through Magra El-Oyoun street and Salah El-Din Citadel in Salah Salem street and ending at the6th District Station(beginning ofNasr Citydistrict) with a completion date set at October 2018.[11]

Phase 3 will begin from6th District Stationand end atMakram Ebeid Station,followingMustafa El-Nahas streetin bored tunnels under the existing old tram system, and ultimately deconstructing the old railway and paving its right-of-way (increasing the street by two lanes in each direction, which is critically needed to lighten the traffic congestion in the area). This phase has a completion date set for October 2019.[citation needed]Mitsubishi was the only company to submit an offer on a tender for 64 trains in the third and fourth phases of the project. The offer was accepted in October 2018.[52]

Phase 4, the final phase, will begin fromMakram Ebeid Stationwith bored tunnels following Doctor Hassan El-Sherif street and Ahmed El-Zomor street, ending atPolice Academy Stationnear the Ring Road.[11]

The New Cairo Monorail[edit]

Main article:Cairo Monorail

This project was first proposed by private investors as a plan to connectLine 3withLine 4,through a route that is mostly parallel to theRing Road'seastern arc, therefore coveringNew Cairofrom north to south starting at theCairo International Airportand ending at the beginning of the Cairo-Ain Sokhna Highway.[citation needed]

In August 2016, a different monorail project was under discussion, connecting6 October citywith other western parts of Greater Cairo. The line was expected to be 35 km (21.7 mi) long, cost $1.5 billion, and be completed by 2018.[53]

A contract was signed in August 2019 withBombardier Transportation,Orascom Construction,andArab Contractorsfor $4.5 billion to build and operate the two monorail lines. The first will run 54 km from eastern Cairo to thenew administrative capital.The second will run 42 km from 6 October City to Giza.[54]

QalyubLine 2 extension[edit]

As of December 2017, Spokesperson for the Egyptian National Authority for Tunnels (NAT) said that there are plans to extend Line 2 7 kilometers to the north from Shubra Al-Kheima station to end atQalyubstation due to the increasing traffic in north Cairo entrances, He also said that bidding will be held in February 2018 and the winner will be revealed mid-2018. The station will be an at-grade station built parallel to the train railway, bridges will be built to divert traffic from the Metro route.[55]

Cairo International AirportLine 3 extension[edit]

Line 3 Phase 4C is proposed to start fromHeliopolis stationpassing through Al-Hegaz Square and Military Academy area to Sheraton District and after 7.0 km (4.3 mi) ending atCairo International Airport.If built, it would have five tunnel stations. There is no proposed completion date for this phase.

Long-term plans[edit]

A transportation study of the Greater Cairo region was completed in 1999. It recommended the implementation of a six-line system consisting of lines 1, 2 and 3 (existing); and lines 4, 5 and 6. The completed Metro Network would be capable of serving most of the densely populated areas in the Greater Cairo region, which was much in need of a comprehensive mass transit system. The plans include interchange stations between the six metro lines and would also provides interchange facilities with existing main railway stations, the airport, and bus stations.

The six planned metro lines aim to meet the transportation demands of the Greater Cairo area up to the year 2032.[56]However, the actual construction and implementation schedule will be restricted by available funding, and the timetable will likely slip.

Line 5would be a half-circular line connecting lines 1-4 in northern Cairo, running from Nasr City in the east to Port Said Street and Shubra El Kheima in the west. It would have a length of 20 kilometres (12 mi), entirely within bored tunnels.[11][12]It would intersect Line 1 atHelmiet el-Zaitoun station,Line 2 atEl-Khalafawy station,Line 3 atHaroun station,and Line 4 atAl-Wafaa we al-Amal station.[57]

Line 6would be a north-south line, from Shubra in the north to theMaadiandHelwandistricts in the south. It would run fromAtaba StationthroughEl Kalaa streetin bored tunnels toSalah Eldin Citadel Station(Interchange withLine 4) and move on from there to both districts via bored tunnels using the existing routeEl-Mahager Railwayas a guide through both Maadi and Helwan. This Line has a length of 19 kilometres (12 mi).[11][12]It would intersect Line 1 atGhamra station,Line 3 atBab al-Sharia station,Line 4 atAmr Ibn al-Ase station,and Line 5 atSawah station.[57]

Network map[edit]

Map


See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^Countinginterchange stationsonly once.
  2. ^Countinginterchange stationsonly once.

References[edit]

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    For the rolling stock, the project will require eight train sets, with each featuring 23 cars.
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Other references

Further reading[edit]

External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related toCairo Metro.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide forCairo.

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