Campo Grande
Campo Grande | |
|---|---|
| Municipality of Campo Grande | |
From the top, clockwise: city panorama with Afonso Pena Avenue highlighted; fountain at Praça Ary Coelho;Metropolitan Cathedral of Our Lady of the Abbey and St. Anthony;Morena TV tower; Indigenous Nations Park; Campo Grande Railway Station; Memorial of Indigenous Culture. | |
 Flag  Seal | |
| Nicknames: Cidade Morena (Portuguesefor "Brown City"), CG, Campão (Big Field) | |
| Motto(s): "Poder, prosperidade e altruísmo"(Portuguese)"Power, prosperity and altruism" | |
 Location in Mato Grosso do Sul | |
| Coordinates:20°29′02″S54°36′54″W/ 20.48389°S 54.61500°W | |
| Country |  Brazil |
| Region | Center-West |
| State |  Mato Grosso do Sul |
| Founded | 1899 |
| Government | |
| •Mayor | Adriane Lopes |
| Area | |
| •Municipality | 8,096.05 km2(3,125.90 sq mi) |
| • Urban | 154.5 km2(59.7 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 592 m (1,942 ft) |
| Population (2012) | |
| •Municipality | 898,100 (17th) |
| • Density | 97.3/km2(252/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC-4(UTC-4) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC-3(UTC-3) |
| Postal Code | 79000-001 to 79129-999 |
| Area code | +55 67 |
| HDI(2010) | 0.784 –high[1] |
| Website | www |
Campo Grande(Brazilian Portuguese:[ˈkɐ̃puˈɡɾɐ̃dʒi],lit. '"Great Field"') is thecapitaland largest city of theBrazilianstateofMato Grosso do Sulin theCenter-Westregion of the country. The city is nicknamedCidade Morena( "Swarthy City" in Portuguese) because of the reddish-brown colour of the region's soil. It has a population of 898,100, according to a 2022IBGEcensus.[2]
The region where the city is located was in the past a waypoint for travellers who wanted to go fromSão PauloorMinas Geraisto northernMato Grossoby land. In the early 1900s, a railway was completed, connecting Campo Grande toCorumbáon theBolivianborder and toBauru,São Paulo. Also in the beginning of the 20th century, the Western Brazilian Army Headquarters was established in Campo Grande, making it an important military center.
With apopulation growthfrom 140,000 people in 1970 to 750,000 people in 2008, Campo Grande is the third largesturban centerof the Center-West region, and the 17rd largest city in the country. In 1977, the State ofMato Grossowas split into two, and Campo Grande became the capital of the new state ofMato Grosso do Sul,comprising the southern portion of the former state. By that time, Campo Grande had long surpassed the latter's capital city ofCuiabáin population, which is unusual in Brazil, where most capitals are also the states' largest cities.
Today, the city has its own culture, which is a mixture of several ethnic groups, most notably immigrants from theJapaneseprefectureofOkinawa,[3]Middle Easterners,[4]Armenians,[5]Portuguese people,Germans,Italians,Spaniards,andParaguayans,[6]finally mixed withAsianandEuropean Braziliansfrom the BrazilianSouthernandSoutheastregions, itsnative Amerindian peoplesandAfro-Brazilians.
History
[edit]Campo Grande started as a small village founded in 1877 by farmers José Antônio Pereira and Manoel Vieira de Sousa (a.k.a. Manoel Olivério), who came fromMinas Geraisjust after the end of theParaguayan War.They founded the village, known at that time as Santo Antônio de Campo Grande, near the Serra de Maracaju cliffs, at the confluence of two streams named Prosa and Segredo (Portuguese for "conversation" and "secret," respectively), whose courses now coincide with two of the city's most important avenues. In the end of 1877, the founder built the village's first church. The roughly aligned houses formed the first street, known as Rua Velha (Old Street), today Rua 26 de Agosto (26 August Street). This street ended where today one finds a square in honor of the immigrants that later came to the city.
The city started to develop relatively fast because of its privileged climate and location. These factors drew people from other regions of the country, especially the South, the Southeast and the Northeast regions. The settlement was officially recognized as a municipality by the State Government on August 26, 1899, and renamed Campo Grande.
Geography
[edit]
Vegetation
[edit]The vegetation in Campo Grande and Central Brazil is a tropical savanna called "Cerrado"that varies from pure grassland to a nearly closed canopy of medium height trees overlying grass. Sinceforestis the expected climax vegetation there, several theories have been given to explain the types ofgrasslandpresent.
The most promising of these involve differences in soil properties, but only a few sites have been used for evaluation. The 1960s marked the beginning of the expansion of large-scaleagricultureacross theCerrado.The state is one of the largest producers ofsoybeansin the world.
The municipality contains the 178 hectares (440 acres)Matas do Segredo State Park,created in 2000 to protect an area ofcerradoforest.[7] and the 135 hectares (330 acres)Prosa State Park,created in 2002.[8]
Climate
[edit]Campo Grande has atropical savanna climate(Köppen:Aw), just slightly drier than atropical monsoon climate,with a mild appearance of coldair masseson the southern edge of thetropics.It has semi-humid, hot summers, and notably seasonal, with a dry winter season from June through September, but without major irregularities in the precipitation.[9][10]Its altitude a few hundred meters higher than in the surroundingswampsand its location in the interior ofSouth America,gives a much more extreme climate than several Brazilian cities, although still moderate. In addition, thefloodis one of the problems seen in the city, the result of intense rains that occur in a short period.[11]Annualrainfallaverages 1,465 millimetres (57.7 in). January is the warmest and rainiest month, with mean highs of 29 °C (84.2 °F) and lows of 20 °C (68.0 °F).[citation needed]
July brings on sunny days but cooler temperatures, with mean highs of 25 °C (77.0 °F) and lows of 14 °C (57.2 °F). Occasional near-freezing temperatures can occur on winter's coldest nights.[citation needed]
| Climate data for Campo Grande (1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 34.6 (94.3) |
36.7 (98.1) |
35.1 (95.2) |
36.4 (97.5) |
32.5 (90.5) |
31.2 (88.2) |
32.6 (90.7) |
35.4 (95.7) |
41.0 (105.8) |
36.6 (97.9) |
39.7 (103.5) |
37.2 (99.0) |
41.0 (105.8) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 30.7 (87.3) |
30.7 (87.3) |
30.6 (87.1) |
30.1 (86.2) |
27.4 (81.3) |
26.9 (80.4) |
27.5 (81.5) |
29.7 (85.5) |
30.6 (87.1) |
31.3 (88.3) |
30.9 (87.6) |
30.6 (87.1) |
29.8 (85.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 25.1 (77.2) |
24.8 (76.6) |
24.7 (76.5) |
23.7 (74.7) |
20.9 (69.6) |
20.1 (68.2) |
20.1 (68.2) |
21.9 (71.4) |
23.2 (73.8) |
24.7 (76.5) |
24.9 (76.8) |
24.9 (76.8) |
23.3 (73.9) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 21.2 (70.2) |
21.0 (69.8) |
20.8 (69.4) |
19.4 (66.9) |
16.7 (62.1) |
15.8 (60.4) |
15.3 (59.5) |
16.8 (62.2) |
18.2 (64.8) |
20.0 (68.0) |
20.2 (68.4) |
20.7 (69.3) |
18.8 (65.8) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 12.5 (54.5) |
15.1 (59.2) |
9.3 (48.7) |
7.5 (45.5) |
2.0 (35.6) |
0.6 (33.1) |
2.5 (36.5) |
−0.9 (30.4) |
2.0 (35.6) |
8.8 (47.8) |
6.9 (44.4) |
14.8 (58.6) |
−0.9 (30.4) |
| Averageprecipitationmm (inches) | 225.4 (8.87) |
176.0 (6.93) |
149.6 (5.89) |
89.4 (3.52) |
88.2 (3.47) |
47.4 (1.87) |
35.7 (1.41) |
45.5 (1.79) |
77.6 (3.06) |
150.6 (5.93) |
163.9 (6.45) |
206 (8.1) |
1,455.3 (57.30) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 1.0 mm) | 15 | 13 | 11 | 7 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 9 | 10 | 13 | 99 |
| Averagerelative humidity(%) | 78.3 | 79.4 | 78.3 | 72.6 | 71.0 | 68.6 | 61.9 | 54.4 | 59.8 | 66.6 | 70.0 | 75.6 | 69.7 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 206.1 | 179.3 | 210.7 | 232.0 | 228.5 | 219.2 | 243.4 | 236.9 | 187.9 | 214.0 | 223.9 | 218.7 | 2,600.6 |
| Source: Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia[12] | |||||||||||||
Economy
[edit]
Most of the city's active economic labor is absorbed by thetertiary sector(commerce and services). In spite of that, the primary and secondary sectors, especiallyagribusiness,still play an important role in the local economy. The farming of bovinelivestocksupplies localslaughterhouses,which in turn allows Campo Grande to export meat to other states inBraziland abroad. In addition to food processing and agribusiness,constructionand non-metallic mineral processing are important. The area's most important crops aresoy,riceandmanioc.Recently,sugar caneis becoming important as well. According toIBGE,Campo Grande has a total of 11,657 commercial and 1,300 industrial enterprises.
The city'sGDPwasR$20,7 billion (aboutUS$9,59 billions) in 2013,[13]ranks as the richest city in the state, the third in theCentral-West regionof the country, and the 33rd richest in Brazil (2013).
Per capita incomewas R$24.839 in 2013 (about US$11,511).[14]
Education
[edit]Portugueseis the official national language, and thus the primary language taught in schools. ButEnglishandSpanishare part of the officialhigh schoolcurriculum.
Educational institutions
[edit]The city has severaluniversities.The most notable ones are:
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul(UFMS) (Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul);
- Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul(UEMS) (State University of Mato Grosso do Sul);
- Universidade Católica Dom Bosco(UCDB) (Dom Bosco Catholic University);
- Faculdade Campo Grande(FCG) (Campo Grande College);
- Centro Universitário de Campo Grande(UNAES) (Academic Center of Campo Grande).
- Universidade para Desenvolvimento do Estado e da Regiao do Pantanal(UNIDERP) (Academic Center of Campo Grande).
Transportation
[edit]International Airport
[edit]
The operation ofCampo Grande International Airportis shared with Campo Grande Air Force Base. The airport has two runways. The airport can receive medium-sized jets such as theBoeing 737and theAirbus A320,but occasional operations of larger jets have occurred. Operations are mostly domestic, but there are also a few flights toBoliviaandParaguay.
Campo Grande Air Force Base - ALA5,one of their most important bases of theBrazilian Air Force,is located in Campo Grande.
Railroad
[edit]
Campo Grande is served by a system ofrailwaytransport under administration of the Novoeste company, interconnecting with other cities in the state, in a line that goes fromBauruandSão Paulo statethrough Campo Grande all the way toCorumbáand on toBolivia.This mode of transport has had significant effects on the transport infrastructure, allowing the export of products to other centres of production and consumption. Currently, no passenger services are operated, only freight trains.[citation needed]
Highways
[edit]Three main federal highways intersect at Campo Grande. BR-262 links Campo Grande toCorumbáandBoliviato the west, and the BrazilianState of São Pauloto the east.BR-163connects Campo Grande to Cuiabá and the Amazon region to the north, and toDourados(which is 120 kilometres (75 miles) from the Paraguayan border) to the south. BR-060 links Campo Grande to the state ofGoiásand the national capital city ofBrasíliato the northeast. There are also several state highways converging there.[citation needed]
Culture
[edit]
Festas Juninaswere introduced to NortheasternBrazilby thePortugueseand the custom spread to the rest of the country, including Campo-Grande, where festivities take place with the usual fare of typical foods and decoration, rural costumes, music, dancing, a bonfire, and fireworks.[citation needed]
The Campo Grande Film Festival is held annually in the months of January and February since 2004. It focuses on independent cinema, presenting Brazilian and foreign films alike, as well as regional and short films.[citation needed]
Sports
[edit]Car racing
[edit]
The city has acar racingand akart racingtrack. Orlando Moura International Autodrome has a 3,433-metre (11,263 ft.) runway, and Kartódromo Ayrton Senna a 930-metre (3,051 ft.) runway.
Football
[edit]As in all of Brazil, the most popular sport in Campo Grande isfootball.The city has a major footballstadium,Estádio Universitário Pedro Pedrossian, popularly known as "Morenão"(" the big brown "in Portuguese, after the city's nickname and the Brazilian custom of often giving names derived ofaugmentativesto football stadiums). The stadium was opened in 1971 and accommodates up to 45,000 people. There are five other minor stadiums in the city, which occasionally host competition games. The city's main teams areEsporte Clube ComercialandOperário Futebol Clube.
Additionally, there are 45 multisport playing fields in the city, in clubs, cultural associations and public squares.
Volta das Nações
[edit]"Volta das nações" is a mini-marathon of 21 km that takes place at Parque das Nações Indígenas every October, where around 26.4 thousand people participate,[15]including professional athletes from Kenya and other parts of the world.
Consular representation
[edit]Paraguayhas a Consulate in Campo Grande.[16]
Notable people
[edit]- Rafael Silva,judoka
- Leonardo de Deus,swimmer
- Müller,footballer
- Hoover Orsi(born 1978), racing driver
International relations
[edit] | This sectionneeds additional citations forverification.(March 2015) |
Twin towns – Sister cities
[edit]Campo Grande istwinnedwith:
Notes
[edit]References
[edit]- ^"IDHM"(PDF).United Nations Development Programme(UNDP). Archived fromthe original(PDF)on July 8, 2014.RetrievedAugust 1,2013.
- ^"Estimativas demográficas em municipalidades brasileiras"[Population estimates in Brazilian municipalities](PDF).July 1, 2011. p. 120. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on October 7, 2011.
- ^"Japanese Okinawans in Campo Grande".Archivedfrom the original on 2009-02-10.Retrieved2009-01-25.
- ^"Arab descent in Campo Grande".Archivedfrom the original on 2011-06-06.Retrieved2009-01-25.
- ^Armenians in Campo Grande
- ^Portuguese, German, Italian, Spanish, Paraguayan immigration to Campo Grande
- ^Parque Estadual Matas do Segredo(in Portuguese), IMASUL: Instituto de Meio Ambiente de Mato Grosso do Sul, archived fromthe originalon 2016-11-30,retrieved2016-11-29
- ^Parque Estadual do Prosa (PEP)(in Portuguese), IMASUL: Instituto de Meio Ambiente de Mato Grosso do Sul, archived fromthe originalon 2017-02-05,retrieved2017-02-04
- ^"Análise das precipitações em alguns municípios de Mato Grosso do Sul"(PDF).Archived(PDF)from the original on 2019-02-19.
- ^"Campo Grande climate: Average Temperature, weather by month, Campo Grande weather averages - Climate-Data.org".en.climate-data.org.Archivedfrom the original on 2019-02-20.Retrieved2019-02-19.
- ^Sant'Anna Neto, João Lima; Andrade, Vicentina Socorro da Anunciação (2012)."Extremo climático e riscos na cidade de Campo Grande-MS/Brasil".Territorium: Revista Portuguesa de riscos, prevenção e segurança(19): 33–42.doi:10.14195/1647-7723_19_4.ISSN1647-7723.Archivedfrom the original on 2019-02-20.Retrieved2019-02-19.
- ^"Normais Climatológicas Do Brasil 1981–2010"(in Portuguese). Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia.Retrieved21 May2024.
- ^GDP(in Portuguese). Campo Grande, Brazil:IBGE.2013.Archivedfrom the original on 2016-05-12.Retrieved2016-01-07.
- ^IBGE(in Portuguese). Campo Grande, Brazil:IBGE.2013.Archivedfrom the original on 2016-05-12.Retrieved2016-01-07.
- ^"Em comemoração aos 37 anos de MS, Volta das Nações atrai multidão".www.voltadasnacoes.ms.sesi.org.br/.Archived fromthe originalon 21 January 2015.Retrieved21 January2015.
- ^"Representaciones, Consulados del Paraguay, en el Brasil".Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores(in Spanish).Retrieved26 June2022.
- ^Pessotto, Lorenzo."International Affairs - Twinnings and Agreements".International Affairs Service in cooperation with Servizio Telematico Pubblico.City of Torino. Archived fromthe originalon 2013-06-18.Retrieved2013-08-06.
External links
[edit]
Media related toCampo Grande (Mato Grosso do Sul)at Wikimedia Commons
Campo Grandetravel guide from Wikivoyage- Pantanal Escapes - Travel Guide and tourist information for Campo Grande
Capital:Campo Grande | |||||||||
| Mesoregion Centro Norte de Mato Grosso do Sul |
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| Mesoregion Leste de Mato Grosso do Sul |
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| Mesoregion Pantanal Sul Mato-Grossense |
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| Mesoregion Sudoeste de Mato Grosso do Sul |
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| International | |
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| National | |
| Geographic | |
