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Canterbury

Coordinates:51°17′N1°05′E/ 51.28°N 1.08°E/51.28; 1.08
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For the larger local government district, seeCity of Canterbury.For other uses, seeCanterbury (disambiguation).

Canterbury
City
Butter Market square
Arms of Canterbury
Canterbury is located in Kent
Canterbury
Canterbury
Location withinKent
Population55,240 (2011)[1]
OS grid referenceTR145575
•London54 miles (87 km)[2]
District
Shire county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townCANTERBURY
Postcode districtCT1, CT2, CT4
Dialling code01227
PoliceKent
FireKent
AmbulanceSouth East Coast
UK Parliament
List of places
UK
England
Kent
51°17′N1°05′E/ 51.28°N 1.08°E/51.28; 1.08

Canterbury(/ˈkæntərb(ə)ri/ⓘ,/-bɛri/)[3]is acathedral cityandUNESCO World Heritage Site,in the county ofKent,England; it was acounty boroughuntil 1974. It lies on theRiver Stour.The city has a mild oceanic climate.

Canterbury is a popular tourist destination, with the city's economy heavily reliant upon tourism, alongside higher education and retail. As of 2011, the city's population was over 55,000, including a substantial number of students and one of the highest student-to-permanent-resident ratios in Britain.

The site of the city has been occupied since Paleolithic times and served as the capital of the CelticCantiaciandJuteKingdom of Kent.Many historical structures fill the area, including a city wall founded inRoman timesand rebuilt in the 14th century, theWestgate Towersmuseum, the ruins ofSt Augustine's Abbey,the NormanCanterbury Castle,and theoldest extant school in the world,the King's School.Modern additions include theMarlowe TheatreandKent County Cricket Club'sSt Lawrence Ground.Canterbury Cathedralis known for its architecture, its music, and for being the seat of theArchbishop of Canterbury;it receives a million visitors per year.

History

[edit]
"History of Canterbury" redirects here. For the history of the regional area of this name in New Zealand, seeHistory of the Canterbury Region.

Name

[edit]

TheRoman settlementofDurovernum Cantiacorum( "KentishDurovernum ") occupied the location of an earlierBritishtown whoseancient Britishname has beenreconstructedas *Durou̯ernon( "stronghold by thealdergrove "),[4]although the name is sometimes supposed to have derived from various British names for theStour.[5]Medieval variants of the Roman name includeDoroberniaandDorovernia.[5]InSub-Roman Britain,it was known inOld WelshasCairCeint( "stronghold ofKent").[6][7]Occupied by theJutes,it became known inOld EnglishasCantwareburh( "stronghold of the Kentish men" ).[8]

Early history

[edit]
Main article:Durovernum Cantiacorum

The Canterbury area has been inhabited sinceprehistoric times.Lower Paleolithicaxes, andNeolithicandBronze Agepots have been found in the area.[9]Canterbury was first recorded as the main settlement of theCeltic tribeof theCantiaci,which inhabited most of modern-dayKent.In the 1st century AD, theRomanscaptured the settlement and named itDurovernum Cantiacorum.[4]The Romans rebuilt the city, with new streetsin a grid pattern,atheatre,atemple,aforum,andpublic baths.[10]Although they did not maintain a major military garrison, its position onWatling Streetrelative to the major Kentish ports ofRutupiae(Richborough),Dubrae(Dover), andLemanae(Lymne) gave it considerable strategic importance.[11]In the late 3rd century, to defend against attack frombarbarians,the Romans built an earth bank around the city and a wall with seven gates, which enclosed an area of 130 acres (53 ha).[10]

Despite being counted as one of the 28 cities ofSub-Roman Britain,[6][7]it seems that after theRomans left Britain in 410Durovernum Cantiacorum was abandoned for around 100 years, except by a few farmers and gradually decayed.[12]Over the next 100 years, anAnglo-Saxoncommunity formed within thecity walls,asJutishrefugees arrived, possibly intermarrying with the locals.[13]The town's new importance led to its revival, and trades developed in pottery, textiles, and leather. By 630,gold coinswere being struck at the Canterbury mint.[14]In 842 and 851, Canterbury suffered great loss of life duringDanishraids.

11th–16th centuries

[edit]

Thesiege of Canterburysaw a large Viking army besiege Canterbury in 1011, culminating in the city being pillaged. Remembering the destruction caused by the Danes, the inhabitants of Canterbury did not resistWilliam the Conqueror's invasion in 1066.[8][dubious–discuss]William immediately ordered a woodenmotte-and-baileycastle to be built by the Roman city wall. In the early 12th century, thecastlewas rebuilt with stone.[15]Canterbury Castle was captured by the FrenchPrince Louisduring his 1215 invasion of England, before the death ofJohncaused his English supporters to desert his cause and support the youngHenry III.[11]

Black Deathreached Canterbury in 1348. At 10,000, Canterbury had the 10th largest population in England; by the early 16th century, the population had fallen to 3,000. In 1363, during theHundred Years' War,a Commission of Inquiry found disrepair, stone-robbing and ditch-filling had led to the Roman wall becoming eroded. Between 1378 and 1402, the wall was virtually rebuilt, and new wall towers were added.[16]In 1381, duringWat Tyler'sPeasants' Revolt,the castle and Archbishop's Palace were sacked, andArchbishop Sudburywas beheaded in London. In 1413,Henry IVbecame the only sovereign to be buried at the cathedral. In 1448 Canterbury was granted aCity Charter,which gave it a mayor and ahigh sheriff;the city still has aLord Mayorand Sheriff.[17]

Huguenot weavers' houses near Canterbury High Street

In 1519 a public cage for talkative women and other wrongdoers was set up next to the town's pillory at the Bullstake, now the Buttermarket. In 1522 a stone cross with gilt lead stars was erected at the same place, and painted withbiceand gilded by Florence the painter.[18]

History of Huguenot refugees

[edit]
Main article:History of the Huguenots in Kent

In the mid-16th century manyHuguenots,experiencing persecution and conflict in theLow Countries,fled and resettled inReformedregions such as England. Canterbury hosted the first congregation of so-called 'refugee strangers' in the country.[19]This first Huguenot church in Canterbury was founded around 1548, in part byJan Utenhovewho relocated fromStrasbourg,alongsideValérand PoullainandFrançois de la Rivière.[20]When Utenhove travelled to London in 1549, Francois de la Rivière remained to lead the congregation. With the accession ofMary I,the Huguenot residents of Canterbury were compelled to flee in 1553–4 alongside the EnglishMarian exilestoEmden,Wesel,Zürich,Strasbourg,Frankfurt,and laterBasel,Geneva,andAarau.[21]

After the accession ofElizabeth I,a small number of Huguenots returned to London, including Jan Utenhove in 1559.[20]In 1561, a number of Huguenots in London were sent toSandwich,a settlement which began to grow rapidly with new refugees arriving fromArtoisandFlanders.This settlement, in June 1575, almost entirely relocated to Canterbury, which had in the previous year gained a small Huguenot population. A number of refugees also arrived around this time from the temporary Huguenot settlements atRyeandWinchelsea.[22]In 1575, the Huguenot population of Canterbury were granted use of the church ofSt Alphedgebut in the following year had begun to use the crypt ofCanterbury Cathedralas their church.[23]The Church of the Crypt swiftly became the nucleus of the Huguenot community in Canterbury.

By the 17th century, French-speaking Huguenots comprised two-fifths of Canterbury's population. The Huguenots had a large influence on the economy of Canterbury, and introduced silk weaving into the city which had outstripped wool weaving by 1676.[24]

17th century–present

[edit]

Canterbury remained an important city in the 17th century.Charles IandHenrietta Mariavisited in 1625; musicians played whilst the couple entered the city under a velvet canopy supported by six men holding poles.[25]In 1647, during theEnglish Civil War,riots broke out. The riots became known as the "Plum Pudding Riots".[26]The rioters' trial the following year led to a Kent revolt against Parliamentarian forces, contributing to the start of thesecond phaseof the war. However, Canterbury surrendered peacefully to Parliamentarians at theBattle of Maidstone.[27]

Canterbury Castle

By 1770, the castle had fallen into disrepair, and many parts of it were demolished during the late 18th century and early 19th century.[28]In 1787 all the gates in the city wall, except forWestgate—the city jail—were demolished as a result of a commission that found them impeding to new coach travel.[29]Canterbury Prisonopened in 1808 just outside the city boundary.[30]By 1820 the silk weaving in the city had been supplanted by imported Indianmuslins[24]and trade carried out was thereafter largely ofhopsandwheat.[11]TheCanterbury & Whitstable Railway(The Crab and Winkle Way), the world's first passenger railway,[31]was opened in 1830;[32]bankrupt by 1844, it was purchased by theSouth Eastern Railway,which connected the city to its larger network in 1846.[33]TheLondon, Chatham & Dover Railwayarrived in 1860;[34]the competition and cost-cutting between the lines was resolved by merging them as theSouth Eastern & Chathamin 1899.[35]Between 1830 and 1900, the city's population grew from 15,000 to 24,000.[31]

During theFirst World War,barracks and voluntary hospitals were set up around the city. In 1917 a German bomber crash-landed near Broad Oak Road.[36]Mahatma Gandhivisited Canterbury in October 1931.[37][38] During theSecond World War,10,445 bombs dropped during 135 separate raids destroyed 731 homes and 296 other buildings in the city, including the missionary college andSimon Langton Girls' Grammar School.[39]119 civilian people died through enemy action in the borough.[40]The most devastating raid was on 1 June 1942 during theBaedeker Blitz.[36]Before the end of the war, the architectCharles Holdendrew up plans to redevelop the city centre, but locals were so opposed that the Citizens' Defence Association was formed; it swept to power in the 1945 municipal elections. Rebuilding of the city centre eventually began 10 years after the war.[41]A ring road was constructed in stages outside the city walls to alleviate growing traffic problems in the city centre, which was later pedestrianised. The biggest expansion of the city occurred in the 1960s, with the arrival of theUniversity of Kent at CanterburyandChrist Church College.[41]

The 1980s saw visits fromQueen Elizabeth II,and the beginning of the annualCanterbury Festival.[42]Between 1999 and 2005, theWhitefriars Shopping Centreunderwent major redevelopment. In 2000, during the redevelopment, a major archaeological project was undertaken by theCanterbury Archaeological Trust,known as the Big Dig,[43]which was supported byChannel Four'sTime Team.[44]

Geography

[edit]

Climate

[edit]

Canterbury experiences anoceanic climate(Köppen climate classificationCfb), similar to almost all of the United Kingdom. Canterbury enjoys mild temperatures all year round, being between 1.8 °C (35.2 °F) and 22.8 °C (73 °F). There is relatively little rainfall throughout the year.

Climate data for Canterbury
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 7.6
(45.7) 		7.8
(46.0) 		10.7
(51.3) 		13.4
(56.1) 		16.8
(62.2) 		20.0
(68.0) 		22.8
(73.0) 		22.8
(73.0) 		19.4
(66.9) 		15.3
(59.5) 		10.9
(51.6) 		8.1
(46.6) 		14.7
(58.5)
Daily mean °C (°F) 4.3
(39.7) 		4.3
(39.7) 		6.4
(43.5) 		8.2
(46.8) 		11.6
(52.9) 		14.3
(57.7) 		16.8
(62.2) 		16.9
(62.4) 		14.3
(57.7) 		10.9
(51.6) 		7.1
(44.8) 		5.3
(41.5) 		10.0
(50.0)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 2.1
(35.8) 		1.8
(35.2) 		3.5
(38.3) 		4.9
(40.8) 		7.7
(45.9) 		10.5
(50.9) 		12.9
(55.2) 		12.8
(55.0) 		10.8
(51.4) 		8.0
(46.4) 		4.8
(40.6) 		2.5
(36.5) 		6.9
(44.4)
Averageprecipitationmm (inches) 62.2
(2.45) 		42.2
(1.66) 		41.3
(1.63) 		42.9
(1.69) 		50.0
(1.97) 		39.0
(1.54) 		40.0
(1.57) 		51.2
(2.02) 		61.6
(2.43) 		83.2
(3.28) 		68.8
(2.71) 		63.4
(2.50) 		645.8
(25.43)
Mean monthlysunshine hours 60.9 80.7 116.5 174.2 206.0 206.4 221.8 214.9 155.2 125.0 73.3 48.6 1,683.3
Source 1:[45]
Source 2:[46]

Demography

[edit]
Canterbury compared
2001 UK Census Canterbury city Canterbury district England
Total population 43,432 135,278 49,138,831
Foreign born 11.6% 5.1% 9.2%
White 95% 97% 91%
Asian 1.8% 1.6% 4.6%
Black 0.7% 0.5% 2.3%
Christian 68% 73% 72%
Muslim 1.1% 0.6% 3.1%
Hindu 0.8% 0.4% 1.1%
No religion 20% 17% 15%
Unemployed 3.0% 2.7% 3.3%

At the2001 UK census,[47][48][49][50][51][52]the total population of the city itself was 43,432, and 135,278 within the Canterbury district. In 2011, the total district population was counted as 151,200, with an 11.7% increase from 2001,[53]and the population of the city had grown to over 55,000.[54]By 2015, Canterbury'sstudentpopulation, including theUniversity of KentandCanterbury Christ Church University,and the smallerUniversity for the Creative Arts,was almost 40,000.[55]

Population growthin Canterbury since 1901
Year 1901 1911 1921 1931 1939 1951 1961 1971 2001
Population 24,899 24,626 23,737 24,446 26,999 27,795 30,415 33,155 43,432
Source:A Vision of Britain through Time

Physical

[edit]
TheRiver Great Stour

Canterbury is in east Kent, about 55 miles (89 km) east-southeast of London. The coastal towns ofHerne BayandWhitstableare 6 miles (10 km) to the north, andFavershamis 8 miles (13 km) to the northwest.[56]The city is on theRiver Stour or Great Stour.[57]The river is navigable on the tidal section to Fordwich, although above this point canoes and other small craft can be used.[58]The geology of the area consists mainly ofbrickearthoverlying chalk. Tertiary sands overlain byLondon clayform St. Thomas's Hill and St. Stephen's Hill about a mile northwest of the city centre.[59]

Canterbury city walls

Canterbury is amedievalcity, withCanterbury Cathedralinside the ring of the city walls, forming the historic centre. Of the defensive structures, a section of the medieval walls remains to the south, nearCanterbury Castle,while to the northwest, the Westgate survives as theWestgate Towers museum.Immediately outside the Westgate is theRiver Stourwhich crosses the city from southwest to northeast.[60]A road runs straight across the city from the Westgate, forming the High Street (including St George's Street) and part of the North Downs Way.[61]St Augustine's Abbeylies just outside the city walls.[62]

Political

[edit]
Further information:City of Canterbury
Canterbury Guildhallis housed in the former Holy Cross church building, on theRiver Stour.The Westgate is on the left of the image.

The city became acounty boroughunder theLocal Government Act 1888.[63]In 1974, under theLocal Government Act 1972,the city came under the control ofKent County Council.Canterbury, along with Whitstable and Herne Bay, is now in theCity of Canterburylocal government district.[64]The city's urban area consists of the six electoralwardsof Barton, Blean Forest, Northgate, St Stephens, Westgate, and Wincheap. These wards have eleven of the fifty seats on theCanterbury City Council,which governs the city.[65]

The former Holy Cross Church building was officially re-opened by thePrince of Walesas the newCanterbury Guildhalland meeting place of the City Council on 9 November 1978.[66]

TheMember of Parliamentfor theCanterburyconstituency, which includes Whitstable, isRosie Duffieldformerly of theLabour Party[67]but now sits as an independent.

Economic

[edit]
Shops on the High Street

Canterbury district retained approximately 4,761 businesses, up to 60,000 full andpart-timeemployees and was worth £1.3 billion in 2001.[68]This made the district the second largest economy in Kent.[68]Today, the three primary sectors are tourism, higher education and retail.[69]

In 2015, the value of tourism to the city of Canterbury was over £450 million; 7.2 million people visited that year, making it one of the most-visited cities in England. A full 9,378 jobs were supported by tourism, an increase of 6% over the previous year.[70][71]The two universities provided an even greater benefit. In 2014/2015, theUniversity of KentandCanterbury Christ Church Universitywere worth £909m to city's economy and accounted for 16% of all jobs.[72]

River punts provide tours of the city.

Unemployment in the city dropped 0.6 percentage points to 1.7% from 2001 to 2007.[73]The registered unemployment rate as of September 2011 stood at 5.7%. By May 2018, the rate had dropped to 1.8%; in fact, Kent in general had a moderate unemployment rate of 2%. This data considers only people claiming eitherJobseekers AllowanceorUniversal Creditprincipally for the reason of being unemployed. It does not include those without access to such benefits.[74]At the time, the national rate was 4.2%.[75]

A report in 2023 by the Poverty Working Group of the CanterburySustainable Development GoalsForum evidenced increasingpovertyin the city using, for example,life expectancyfigures and the number of meals provided by the cityfood banks,as well as interviews with organisations and individuals attempting to help those in danger of and in poverty.[76][77]This supports earlier findings on poverty in the city.[78][79]

Culture

[edit]

Landmarks

[edit]
Crooked House, 2010

The 17th century, doublejettied,half-timberedCrooked Housebookshop operated by the Catching Liveshomelessnesscharity at the end of Palace Street, opposite Kings School is frequently photographed for its quirky, slanted appearance.[80]Canterbury Roman Museumhouses anin situmosaicpavement dating from around 300AD.[81]Other survivingRomanstructures in the city include Queningate, a blocked gate in the city wall, and theDane John Mound,once part of a Romancemetery.[82]The Dane John Gardens were built beside the mound in the 18th century, and a memorial placed on the mound's summit.[83]

Butchery Lane

Westgate Towersis a museum narrating its earlier use as ajail.Themedievalchurch ofSt Alphegeis as of 2022used by theKing's School.TheOld Synagogue,now the King's School Music Room, is one of only twoEgyptian Revivalsynagogues still standing. The city centre contains many timber-framed 16th and 17th century houses but others were destroyed, particularly in the Second World WarBaedeker Blitz.Survivors include theHuguenot"Old Weaver's House".[84]St Martin's Millis the only surviving mill out of the six known to have stood in Canterbury. It was built in 1817 and worked until 1890 but is now a residence.[85]

Theatres

[edit]

TheMarlowe Theatreis named afterChristopher Marlowe,who was born in the city.[86]It was formerly located in St Margaret's Street but moved to the present location in 1984.[87]It was completely rebuilt in 2011 with a main 1,200-seat auditorium and secondary performance space. Its modern structure is a landmark across the city.[88] TheUniversity of Kent'sGulbenkian Theatreserves the city, and incorporates a cinema and café.[89]Other theatrical performances take place atCanterbury CathedralandSt Augustine's Abbey.[90]The oldest surviving theatre building in Canterbury is The Shakespeare bar which had been a playhouse in theTudor period.[91]Theatre companiesin Canterbury include The Canterbury Players.[92]

Statue ofGeoffrey Chaucer,author ofThe Canterbury Tales

Music

[edit]
See also:Canterbury Cathedral § Music

In common with many English towns and cities in theMiddle Ages,Canterbury employed a band ofwaits.There are records of payments to the waits from 1402, though they probably existed earlier. The waits were disbanded by the city authorities in 1641 for 'misdemeanors' but reinstated in 1660 when they played for the visit ofKing Charles IIon his return from exile.[93]Civic waits were ultimately abolished nationally by theMunicipal Corporations Act of 1835but a modern, early music group called The Canterbury Waits has revived the name.[94]

Canterbury's Catch Club was a musical and social club which met in the city between 1779 and 1865. Its male club members met weekly in the winter and employed an orchestra to assist in performances for the first half of their evening. After an interval, the members sangcatchesandgleesfrom the club's extensive music library which is now deposited at Canterbury Cathedral's archives.[95]

In the late 1960s and early 1970s theCanterbury Sceneemerged comprisingprogressive rock,avant-gardeandjazzmusicians established within the city. Members includedSoft Machine,Caravan,Matching Mole,Egg,Hatfield and the North,National Health,Gilgamesh,Soft Heap,KhanandIn Cahoots.[96]Ian Dury,front man of 1970s rock bandIan Dury and the Blockheads,taughtFine ArtatCanterbury College of Artand early incarnations of his bandKilburn and the High Roadsperformed in the city.[97]Canterbury Choral Society give regular concerts in Canterbury Cathedral, typically large-scale classicalchoralworks.[98]The Canterbury Orchestra, founded in 1953, perform major works from thesymphonicrepertoire.[99]Other local musical groups include the Canterbury Singers, founded in 1953; Cantemus; and the City of Canterbury Chamber Choir.[100]

TheCanterbury Festivaltakes place over two weeks in October including musical events ranging fromoperaandsymphonyconcerts toworld music,jazz andfolk.[101]From 2006 to 2015 the JulyLounge On The Farmmusic festival presentedrock,indieanddanceartists near Canterbury.[102]

Sport

[edit]
St Lawrence Ground

Cricket
Canterbury is the home ofKent County Cricket Club,with theSt Lawrence Groundhosting many of the team's matches. It has also been used for severalOne Day Internationals,including an England match during the1999 Cricket World Cup.[103]

The St Lawrence Ground is notable for being one of only two grounds used regularly for first-class cricket that have had a tree within the boundary, the other being theCity OvalinPietermaritzburg.

American Football
There have been multipleAmerican footballteams based in Canterbury since the game was popularised in the UK. Currently, the city is the home of theEast Kent Mavericks,2023BAFA National LeaguesSouthern Football Conference 2 Champions, as well as teams from both universities.

Football
Canterbury City F.C.reformed in 2007 as acommunity interest companyand currently compete in theSouthern Counties East Football League.The previous incarnation of the club folded in 2001.[104]

Rugby
Canterbury RFCwere founded in 1926 and became the first East Kent club to achieve National League status and currently play in the fourth tier,National League 2 South.[105]

Tour de France
The cyclingTour de Francepassed through the city in 1994, and again in 2007 when it hosted the finish for Stage 1.[106]

Hockey
Canterbury Hockey Clubis one of the largest in the country; it enters teams in both theMen'sandWomen's England Hockey Leagues.[107]Former Olympic gold medal winnerSean Kerlyhas been a member.[108]

Public Facilities
Public sporting facilities are provided at Kingsmead Leisure Centre, including a 33-metre (108 ft) swimming pool and sports hall for football, basketball, and badminton.[109]

Education

[edit]

Universities

[edit]
Darwin College, part of the University of Kent campus

Canterbury hosts some 31,000studentsand has the highest student to permanent resident ratio in the UK.[110]They attend threeuniversities,and other higher education institutions.[111]TheUniversity of Kent's maincampusextends to 600 acres (243 ha) and is situated on Saint Stephen's Hill, a mile north of Canterbury city centre. As of 2014,it enrolled around 20,000 students.[112]Canterbury Christ Church Universitywas founded as ateacher trainingcollege in 1962 by theChurch of England;in 2005 it became a university. As of 2007,it had around 15,000 students.[113]TheFranciscanInternational Study Centre is close to the University of Kent campus.[114]

Schools

[edit]
The King's School

King's Schoolis the oldestsecondary schoolin the United Kingdom. St. Augustine established it shortly after his 597 arrival in Canterbury though documented history of it only began afterdissolution of the monasteriesin the 16th century, when it took the present name in honour ofHenry VIII.[115]

The city's secondarygrammar schoolsareBarton Court Grammar School,Simon Langton Grammar School for BoysandSimon Langton Girls' Grammar School,all of which in 2008 had over 93% of their pupils gain five or moreGCSEsat grades A* to C including English and maths.[116]

Transport

[edit]

Rail

[edit]
Canterbury West Railway Station

The pioneeringCanterbury & Whitstable Railway,known locally as theCrab and Winkle line,had a terminus atNorth Lane station.It ran from 3 May 1830 to 1953 and was the first regular passenger steam railway in the world.[117]Canterbury South railway stationwas sited on theElham Valley Railway.The station opened in 1889 and closed, along with the rest of the railway, in 1947.[118]

Canterbury West railway stationis operated bySoutheastern.[119] Canterbury East railway station,(Canterbury's other station) is also operated by Southeastern.[120]There is no direct interchange between Canterbury West and Canterbury East stations because the two railways into the city were built by rival companies.Canterbury Parkway railway stationhas been proposed as an additional station outside of the city, with links to both lines.[121]

Bus

[edit]
Canterbury Bus Station

Stagecoachrun local bus routes in Canterbury, as well as long-distance services. Itsbio fuel'Unibus' service operates between the city centre andUniversity of Kent.[122]Canterbury has two operationalpark and ridesites at Wincheap[123]and New Dover Road,[124]both intended for visitors arriving from the south by road.

Cycling

[edit]

National Cycle Routes 1runs through Canterbury from Dover andSandwichtoWhitstable.[125]National Cycle Route 18runs from Canterbury toAshford.[126]

Local media

[edit]

Newspapers

[edit]

Canterbury's first newspaper was theKentish Post,founded in 1717.[127]It merged with newly foundedKentish Gazettein 1768[128]which is still being published, claiming to be the country's second oldest surviving newspaper.[129]It is currently produced as a paid-for newspaper byKM GroupinWhitstablewith a 25,000 circulation across East Kent.[130]

Three free weekly newspapers provide local news. TheDaily Mail and General Trust'sCanterbury Timeshas a circulation of 55,000.[131][132]Similar circulationCanterbury Extrais owned byKM Group.[133]yourcanterburyis published byKOS Media,which also printsKent on Sunday.[134]

Radio

[edit]

Local radio stations areBBC Radio Kenton 104.2FM,Heart Southon 102.8FM andKMFM Canterburyon 106FM. KMFM Canterbury was formerly KMFM106, and from foundation in 1997 untilKM Grouptook control CTFM, a reference to Canterbury's CT postcode.[135]KMFM's studio moved from the city toAshfordin 2008.[136]CanterburyHospital RadioservesKent and Canterbury Hospital,[137]and SBSLive's coverage is limited to the Simon Langton Boys School grounds.[138]

Television

[edit]

Local news and television programmes are provided byBBC South EastandITV Meridianfrom theDoverTV transmitter.

Notable people

[edit]

ComposerOrlando Gibbons(1583–1625) died in Canterbury[139]and is commemorated by a marble bust and memorial tablet in the cathedral.[140] The grave of authorJoseph Conrad,in Canterbury Cemetery, is a Grade IIlisted building.[141]

Other people connected with Canterbury include:

International relations

[edit]

Canterbury istwinnedwith the following cities:

Religion

[edit]

In 597,Pope Gregory the GreatsentAugustineto convert itsKing Æthelberhtto Christianity. After the conversion, Canterbury, being a Roman town, was chosen by Augustine as the centre for hisepiscopal seein Kent, and an abbey and cathedral were built. Augustine thus became the firstArchbishop of Canterbury.[160]In 672, theSynod of Hertfordgave the see of Canterbury authority over the entire English Church.[8]In 978, ArchbishopDunstanrefounded the abbey built by Augustine, and named itSt Augustine's Abbey.[161]In 1504 the cathedral's main tower, the Bell Harry Tower, was completed, ending 400 years of building.Cardinal Wolseyvisited in June 1518 and was given a present of fruit, nuts, and marchpane. During theDissolution of the Monasteries,the city'spriory,nunneryand threefriarieswere closed. St Augustine's Abbey, the 14th richest in England at the time, was surrendered to the Crown, and its church andcloisterwere levelled. The rest of the abbey was dismantled over the next 15 years, although part of the site was converted to a palace.[162]

After the murder of the ArchbishopThomas Becketat the cathedral in 1170, Canterbury became one of the most notable towns in Europe, as pilgrims from all parts of Christendom came to visit his shrine.[163]Thispilgrimageprovided the framework forGeoffrey Chaucer's 14th-century collection of stories,The Canterbury Tales.[164]Thomas Becket's shrine in the cathedral was demolished in 1538 byKing Henry VIII,all the gold, silver, and jewels were removed tothe Tower of London,and Becket's images, name and feasts were obliterated throughout the kingdom, ending thepilgrimages.In 1620,Robert Cushmannegotiated the lease of theMayflowerat 59 Palace Street for the purpose of transporting thePilgrimstoAmerica.In 1647, during theEnglish Civil War,riots broke out when Canterbury's puritan mayor bannedchurch serviceson Christmas Day. In 1848, St Augustine's Abbey was refurbished for use asa missionary collegefor theChurch of England's representatives in theBritish colonies.[11]The extensive restoration of the cathedral that was underway in mid 2018 was part of a 2016–2021 schedule that includes replacement of the nave roof, improved landscaping and accessibility, new visitor facilities and a general external restoration.[165]The so-called Canterbury Journey project was expected to cost nearly £25 million.[166]

Canterbury Cathedralis Mother Church of theAnglican Communionand seat of theArchbishop of Canterbury.Founded in 597 AD byAugustine,it forms aWorld Heritage Site,along with SaxonSt. Martin's Churchand the ruins ofSt Augustine's Abbey.The cathedral receives a million visitors annually and is one of the most visited places in the country.Servicesare held three or more times a day.[167][168]

St Thomas of Canterbury Churchis the onlyRoman Catholicchurch in the city and containsrelicsofThomas Becket.[169]

  • St. Augustine's Abbey gateway
    St. Augustine's Abbey gateway
  • St. Augustine's Abbey
    St. Augustine's Abbey
  • Canterbury Cathedral
    Canterbury Cathedral
  • Canterbury Cathedral
    Canterbury Cathedral
  • Christchurch Gate, Canterbury Cathedral
    Christchurch Gate, Canterbury Cathedral
[edit]

Chaucer’s text became the inspiration for the 1944 British film,A Canterbury TalebyMichael PowellandEmeric Pressburger,starring Eric Portman, Sheila Sim, Dennis Price and Sgt. John Sweet, filmed in the city in the aftermath of the destruction caused by German bombing during World War Two.

In more recent popular culture, Canterbury appeared inRussell Hoban’s 1980 post apocalyptic novelRiddley Walker,renamed "Cambry".[170]

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Sources

[edit]
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related toCanterbury.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide forCanterbury.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Canterbury&oldid=1248401116#Bus"