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Carl Eytel

Coordinates:33°49′21″N116°32′02″W/ 33.8224°N 116.5340°W/33.8224; -116.5340
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Carl Eytel
Eytel sketching – during his trip withGeorge Wharton James,c. 1900
Born
Karl Adolf Wilhelm Eytel

(1862-09-12)September 12, 1862
Maichingen,Kingdom of Württemberg,German Confederation
DiedSeptember 17, 1925(1925-09-17)(aged 63)
Banning, California,U.S.
Resting placeJane Augustine Patencio Cemetery,Palm Springs, California
33°49′21″N116°32′02″W/ 33.8224°N 116.5340°W/33.8224; -116.5340
Nationality
  • German
  • American
Education
Known for
Notable workDesert near Palm Springs(1914) now in theCalifornia State LibraryCalifornia History Room[1]
Movement
Patron(s)Martha M. Newkirk

Carl Eytel(September 12, 1862 – September 17, 1925) was aGerman Americanartist who built his reputation for paintings and drawings of desert subjects in the American Southwest. Immigrating to the United States in 1885, he settled inPalm Springs, Californiain 1903. With an extensive knowledge of theSonoran Desert,Eytel traveled with the authorGeorge Wharton Jamesas he wrote the successfulWonders of the Colorado Desert,and contributed over 300 drawings to the 1908 work. While he enjoyed success as an artist, he lived as an ascetic and would die in poverty.[2]Eytel's most important work,Desert Near Palm Springs,hangs in the History Room of theCalifornia State Library.[3]

Life[edit]

Early life and immigration[edit]

Carl Eytel was born as Karl Adolf Wilhelm Eytel inMaichingen,Böblingento Tusnelda (née Schmid) and Friederick Hermann Eytel, a Lutheran minister in theKingdom of Württemberg(now the state ofBaden-Württemberg,nearStuttgart), Germany.[4][5]: V.I, p.30 As a boy, he became awardof his grandfather when his father died.[2]Eytel was well educated in theGerman gymnasiumand became enamored of the American West while reading the works of Prussian natural science writer and explorerAlexander von Humboldt,which he found in the StuttgartRoyal Library.[6]: 41, 47 [7]: xxxvii From 1880 to 1884 he studied forestry inTübingenand then was drafted into theGerman Army.[5]: V.II, p.17 He first traveled to the United States in 1885 aboard theSueviaand worked as a ranch hand in Kansas.[4]Later he worked at a slaughterhouse for 18 months to earn his living and to study cattle.[7]: xxxviii In 1891, he read an article about the Palm Springs area in theSan Francisco Calland was "incited" to visit the California desert.[8]

Palm Springs[edit]

Eytel returned to Germany to study art for 18 months (1897–1898) at theRoyal Art School Stuttgartand then re-immigrated to the United States.[5]: V.II, p. 18 [8][9]: 2 Wanting to be a cowboy,[10]he worked as a cowhand in theSan Joaquin Valleyand in 1903 he would settle in Palm Springs.[5]: V.II, p. 18 [6]Living in small cabins hebuilt himself,Palm Springs would remain his home.[11]Eytel often walked on his travels, covering 400 miles in the Colorado Desert on foot.[7]: xl On one of his travels, he was nearly lynched as a horse thief, and in 1918, during a trip to northern Arizona, he was threatened with lynching as a German spy.[7]: xliii [12]: 16 

Work[edit]

Pinus lambertiana(sugar-pine) by Eytel, fromJ. Smeaton Chase,Cone-bearing Trees of the California Mountains,1911

While living for the most part as a "desert rat" andstarving artist,he both traveled alone throughout theAmerican Southwestand accompanied authorJ. Smeaton Chaseand painterJimmy Swinnertonon their travels.[13][14]Serving asGeorge Wharton James' guide to "every obvious and obscure location of importance", heillustratedJames' two volumeThe Wonders of theColorado Desert.[15]The work was successful and received generally favorable reviews.[7][9][16]The collaboration on the book lasted from 1903 to 1907.[8]Eytel's illustrations were also used by James in his 1906 article "The Colorado Desert: As GeneralKearneySaw It ".[17]

Successes[edit]

By 1908 Eytel was exhibiting works inPasadenaand enjoying the patronage of socialite Martha M. Newkirk.[18]He was also planning to build a bungalow inBeaumont, California.[19]And, in 1909, his work was being exhibited in major art venues and the Kanst gallery in Los Angeles.[20]Later, in 1911, after traveling with Chase on horseback, he contributed 21realisticline artdrawings to Chase's book,Cone-bearing Trees of the California Mountains.[21]

Besides his work inWonders of the Colorado DesertandCone-bearing Trees,Eytel contributed (both drawings and articles) to the best periodicals, including theLos Angeles Times[22]and, for nearly 14 years, theNew Yorker Staats-Zeitung.[6][8][23][24]: 85 (During his travels in the southwest he became friends withLos Angeles Timescity editorCharles Lummis.[6]) A stone wall in the dining room of Dr. Welwood Murray's early hotel was covered with an Eytel mural of Palm Canyon.[25]His hundreds of drawings of nativepalmswere his trademark and he became known as "The Artist of the Palms".[9]: 33 [24]: 103 [26]His work helped publicize early Palm Springs.[27]In 1977 his works were selling for $10,000 and under.[28]

"Creative Brotherhood"[edit]

Along withnaturalistEdmund C. Jaeger,and authors Chase andCharles Francis Saunders,[29]Eytel was a core member of whatUniversity of ArizonaProfessorPeter Wildcalled a "Creative Brotherhood"[5]that lived in Palm Springs in the early 20th century. Other Brotherhood members included cartoonist and painter Swinnerton,[30]author James, and photographersFred Payne ClatworthyandStephen H. Willard.[31][32]: 106–113 The men lived near each other (like Eytel, Jaeger built his own cabin), traveled together throughout the Southwest, helped with each other's works, and exchanged photographs which appeared in their various books.[5][33]

The Brotherhood lasted from 1915 when Jaeger, who was the teacher in the Palm Springs one-room school house, met Eytel and Chase. It ended in 1923 when Chase died.[34](In 1924, after completing his studies atOccidental Collegein Los Angeles, Jaeger began a 30-year teaching career atRiverside Junior CollegeinRiverside, California.[35]) Jaeger wrote the initial eulogy for Eytel upon his death[23]and in 1948, recalling his time with him, Jaeger said:

As an artist Eytel was largely self-taught.... Not widely schooled, but widely read. Eytel possessed a knowledge not only of the Greek and Roman classics but of the best literature of England, America and his native Germany. I never knew Eytel to sleep indoors. Trying to inure himself to hardships in the belief it would toughen his constitution....[12]

Over the years it was Eytel who served as their "spiritual figurehead".[36]Even after Jaeger left to complete his studies and Chase married the wealthy Isabel White (1917), the three, plus Saunders, often exchanged letters.[34]: 126–131, 153–158  [37]Suffering from a "hacking and persistent cough",[38]Eytel remained in Palm Springs, impoverished, and Swinnerton would buy art supplies for him. Later Eytel became a recluse.[6]: 50 

Smoketree School[edit]

Smoketree (Psorothamnus spinosus)

Journalist Ann Japenga has characterized Eytel's work as "Smoketree School" – a school which is named after a favorite desert art subject, thesmoketree.[7]: 41 [39]The school has origins withAlson S. Clarkand Jack Frost, who were influenced by FrenchimpressionistClaude Monet.Other Smoketree artists include Carl Bray, Fred Chisnall,Maynard Dixon,Clyde Forsythe, Sam Hyde Harris, John Hilton, R. Brownell McGrew,Agnes Pelton,Hanson Puthuffand Swinnerton.[40]

Style and subjects[edit]

from J. Smeaton ChaseOur Araby(1920)[41]

Like many artists of the desert southwest, Eytel's style was impressionistic.[42]His subjects were varied and included theMission San José de Tumacácori,in theTumacácori National Historical ParknearNogales, Arizona(pre-restoration), and CaliforniaMission San Gabriel ArcángelandMission San Juan CapistranoSpanish missions. His drawings forCone-bearing Trees of the California MountainsandWonders of the Colorado Desertwere especially detailed and includedDesert Bighorn Sheep,desert reptiles, and cattle. (HisMirage in the Desert(1905), painted forWonders,depicts cattle and cowboys.)[6][7][18]

Desert near Palm Springs

Eytel depicted the life ofNavajo,Hopi,Cahuilla,SerranoandKamiapeoples, including landscapes of the New MexicoEight Northern PueblosinSan Ildefonso,Laguna,TesuqueandTaos Pueblo.TheWalpi PuebloonFirst Mesa,Hopi Reservation,Arizona, andCocopah peoplenearCalexico, Californiawere drawn as well.[43]

Prospectors working the Anaconda (Dale District) and Manana (Colorado River) mines in Arizona and the famousPicachogold mine were drawn, as were theRancho Guajome AdobenearEncinitas, California,theSierra Bonita RanchnearFort Grant, Arizona,turn of the centuryTucson, Arizona,and theYuma Territorial Prison,Yuma, Arizona.

His scenes from early Palm Springs included the stagecoach station andWilliam Pester– "The Hermit of Palm Springs".[44]

California Fan Palms (Washingtonia filifera), a favorite of Eytel, in Palm Canyon, near Palm Springs

Eytel'slandscapesand mountain scenes inWondersincluded:[7]

Honors[edit]

The desert shrub "Eytelia" (amphipappus fremontii)

Eytel was a friend of theCahuilla peopleand they allowed him to be buried in their cemetery in Palm Springs after he died of tuberculosis in aBanning, Californiasanatorium.[12][23][24]: 100–101 His funeral and burial were arranged by Nellie Coffman, who had established the original Desert Inn in the Palm Springs village in 1909.[45]

Eytel received the following eulogy from Saunders writing in August 1926:

But to Carl Eytel, pioneer of Palm Springs artists, working there long before the world of fashion had heard of the place, Palm Springs was his home, and the desert his life. He knew it in all seasons, in all moods, and he painted it with a sort of religious ardor springing from unfailing love, in season and out. Others have been better draughtsmen than he, but when you look at a canvas by Eytel at his best you are looking into what seems the desert’s heart.[46]

His paintingDesert near Palm Springs(1914) is displayed in the California History Room of theCalifornia State Library.[1]ThePalm Springs Art Museumhas a set of Eytel's sketches and displays various of his paintings.[47]

The desert shrubamphipappus fremontiiwas given thecommon name"eytelia" in his honor.[48]The short "Via Eytel" in Palm Springs is named in his honor, as is the short "Eytel Road" in nearbyCathedral City.[49]

See also[edit]

Notes and references[edit]

  1. ^ab"Picture Catalog – Holdings".Sacramento, CA:California State Library.Archivedfrom the original on July 19, 2021.RetrievedNovember 25,2011.
  2. ^abLarson, Roger Keith (1996). "Part Five, Carl Eytel, 1862–1925". In Kurutz, Gary F. (ed.).California Book Illustrators: a Keepsake in Fourteen Parts for the Members of the Book Club of California(Keepsake Series ed.). San Francisco: The Book Club of California.LCCN97157635.OCLC36888109.No phrase epitomizes the life of Carl Eytel better than the cliche 'art for art's sake,' or for those who prefer the original language,L'art pour l'art.
  3. ^Kurutz, Gary F. (2009)."Carl Eytel: Southern California Desert Artist"(PDF).Bulletin.95.Sacramento, CA: California State Library Foundation: 17–20.Archived(PDF)from the original on September 23, 2015.RetrievedNovember 13,2011.It was originally hung at theState Capitolin the Main Corridor. SeeRider, Fremont;Cooper, Frederic Taber(1925).Rider's California: a guide-book for travelers.New York: Macmillan Company. p. 207.OCLC2650242.Archivedfrom the original on June 30, 2021.RetrievedJune 10,2013.
  4. ^abGerman Immigrants, 1880s: Carl Eytel from Wurtemberg to Kansas in 1885ArchivedMarch 12, 2014, at theWayback Machinearrived: April 11, 1885; occupation: hunter; destination: Kansas; native country: Wurtemberg; native city: Machingen; embarkation port: Hamburg; manifest number: 38415.
  5. ^abcdefWild, Peter(2007).News from Palm Springs: The Letters of Carl Eytel, Edmund C. Jaeger,J. Smeaton Chase,Charles Francis Saunders, and Others of the Creative Brotherhood and Its Background.Vol. I and II. Johannesburg, CA: The Shady Myrick Research Project.OCLC163456618.
  6. ^abcdefAinsworth, Ed (1970) [1960].Painters of the Desert: Glimpses at Those Who Captured for Themselves and Their Fellowmen the Beauty and Message of the American Desert.Palm Desert, CA:Desert Magazine.p. 111.LCCN61016101.OCLC1814783.
  7. ^abcdefghJames, George Wharton;Eytel, Carl (illustrator) (1906).The Wonders of the Colorado Desert (Southern California).Boston:Little, Brown and Company.pp.547.ISBN978-1103733613.LCCN06043916.OCLC2573290.OL23361178M.(Available as apdf fileArchivedMarch 1, 2014, at theWayback Machinethrough theHathiTrustDigital Library.)
  8. ^abcdLaw, George; Illustrations by Carl Eytel (January 28, 1923)."Desert Painter: Carl Eytel".Los Angeles Times.Los Angeles. p. X17 (Illustrated Magazine).ISSN0458-3035....an elaborate and beautiful book...(subscription required)
  9. ^abcHudson, Roy Fred (1979).Forgotten Desert Artist: The Journals and Field Sketches of Carl Eytel, an Early-day Painter of the Southwest.Palm Springs, CA:Palm Springs Desert Museum.p. 118.OCLC5802826.[James'] epic, two volume book...[is] now a collector's item.Hudson's book was reviewed in:"Books for Desert Readers".Desert Magazine.42(4). Palm Desert, CA: Desert Magazine: 6–7. April 1979.Archivedfrom the original on May 7, 2009.RetrievedSeptember 9,2012.
  10. ^Ainsworth, Edward Maddin (1968).The Cowboy in Art.John Wayne(forward). Bonanza Books/World Publishing. p. 124.ISBN978-1199424945.OCLC443225.Archivedfrom the original on July 19, 2021.RetrievedNovember 25,2020.
  11. ^Davidson, Harold G.;Swinnerton, Jimmy(1985).Jimmy Swinnerton.Hearst Books. p. 160.ISBN978-0688037109.LCCN84027964.OCLC11531621.;Wild, Peter(2007).The Grumbling Gods: a Palm Springs Reader.University of Utah Press. p. 98.ISBN978-0874808995.He lived in a shack on what is now Palm Springs' upscale Tennis Club.OCLC122974473,608203796,608020250(print and on-line); and,Leach, Frank Aleamon(1920). "1: The Desert of Southern California".Wild Life in California: Some of Its Birds, Animals and Flowers.Oakland, CA: Tribune Publishing Company. pp. 13, 15.OCLC12257730.Archivedfrom the original on July 19, 2021.RetrievedJune 10,2013.
  12. ^abcJaeger, Edmund C.(September 1948)."Art in a Desert Cabin"(PDF).Desert Magazine.11(11). Palm Desert, CA: Desert Press: 15–19. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on December 2, 2011.RetrievedMarch 23,2016.
    • This same issue has the following as a side story:Lloyd, Elwood (September 1948)."Of Such As These Is the Spirit of the Desert".Desert Magazine.11(11). Palm Desert, CA: Desert Press: 18.Archivedfrom the original on April 14, 2016.RetrievedSeptember 9,2017.It was inTahquitz canyon,where he wanted to show me the hidden waterfall....[Some] little spotted skunks...were playing and frolicking.... I...pulled my pistol...and fired.... 'A clean hit! I got him!' Carl...peered, [then] said to me, 'Yes, you did.... [B]ut what are you going to do about giving back that life you took from him? It was giving him joy but it gives you nothing. Alive he did you no harm.'Originally published as:Lloyd, Elwood (1939).Enchanted Sands.Los Angeles: Arthur H. Steake. p. 61.OCLC8796275.
  13. ^McKinney, John (2010).A Walk Along Land's End: Dispatches from the Edge of California on a 1,600-mile hike from Mexico to Oregon.Olympus Press. pp. 23, 32, 41.ISBN978-0934161350.
  14. ^Kleinschmidt, Janice (August 2007)."Cabins of the Brotherhood: Author Peter Wild delves into the Spartan lives of Palm Springs' early desert rats".Palm Springs Life.Palm Springs: Desert Publications.Archivedfrom the original on April 7, 2012.RetrievedNovember 15,2011.;Davidson, Harold G. (1985).Jimmy Swinnerton: the artist and his work.New York: Hearst Books. p. 76.ISBN978-0688037109.OCLC11531621.In June 1916, his old sketching companion...Eytel, visited Jimmy in Flagstaff....Jimmy wined and dined him, took him on a tour to the Grand Canyon and Hopiland.
  15. ^Eytel contributed 1 full page painting (Mirage in the Desert(1905)) and 173pen sketchesto Volume I and 164 pen sketches to Volume II.Edwards, Elza Ivan (1962).Desert Harvest.Los Angeles:Westernlore Press.p. 78.LCCN62022266.OCLC2022836.Archivedfrom the original on July 19, 2021.RetrievedJune 10,2013.
  16. ^Reviews included:
    • Adams, Cyrus C. (March 2, 1907)."Wonders of the Far West: George Wharton James's New Book on the Colorado Desert"(PDF).The New York Times Saturday Review of Books.Archived(PDF)from the original on December 15, 2019.RetrievedAugust 30,2012....its pictures are worthy of special mention. They are...graphic story tellers, for the artist has hit off admirably the characteristics of things...without waste of crayon....James says that no other man knows the Colorado Desert as Eytel knows it 'and his sketches are faithful portrayals of the objects he has seen and lived with.'
    • "A Guide to the New Books".The Literary Digest.XXXIV(7). New York and London: Funk & Wagnalls: 263–264. February 16, 1907.This elaborate treatise is a distinct contribution to the literature of the natural wonders of our country....The illustrations...are a notable feature...and admirably illustrate the text.
    • Gilmour, John Hamilton (February 3, 1907). "The Wonders of the Colorado Desert, California".San Francisco Call.101(65): Magazine, 3.He has written admirably and knowingly...and this...is in line with his previous works....It is a pity, though, that he has trusted to statements of a few people rather than investigated for himself....The book is well illustrated by Carl Eytel.
    • "Holiday Books of Travel and Description".The Dial.XLI(492): 454. December 16, 1906.A chapter, too, on Mr. Eytel himself is one of the best in the book.
    • Sanborn, Kate(March–August 1907)."Books as I See Them".New England Magazine: an Illustrated Monthly.New Series, 36. New England Magazine Company.ISSN2154-6223.OCLC7568653.Archivedfrom the original on July 19, 2021.RetrievedNovember 25,2020.
  17. ^James, George Wharton (May 1906)."The Colorado Desert: As General Kearney Saw It".The Four-Track News.10(5). Passenger Department,New York Central & Hudson River R.R.:389–393.OCLC214967241.Archivedfrom the original on July 19, 2021.RetrievedNovember 25,2020.
  18. ^ab"Hermit Artist Will Exhibit – Carl Eytel Once More in Civilization".Los Angeles Herald.35(278): II, 4. July 6, 1908.RetrievedAugust 31,2012.Noted Painter About to Give Display – Lives Most Isolated Existence, Surrounded by Venomous Reptiles and is Extremely Popular Among the Indians
  19. ^"Big Demand for Beaumont Lands".Los Angeles Herald.35(284): II, 9. July 12, 1908.Archivedfrom the original on July 19, 2021.RetrievedAugust 31,2012.Carl Eytel, the famous scenic painter, is building a $1500 bungalow.
  20. ^Rucker, Kathryn (July 27, 1909)."Art".Los Angeles Herald.36(299): II, 2.Archivedfrom the original on July 19, 2021.RetrievedAugust 31,2012.Among the pictures now hung in the Kanst gallery are a number that were exhibited at theworld's fair, St. Louis,others at theRoyal AcademyandRoyal Scotch Academy....Arizona landscapes by C. Eytel, among which is a translation of a mirage very well expressed, are rather too vivid to be pleasing to those of quiet tastes....
  21. ^"Author and Artist Seek Material for Booklet".Los Angeles Herald.37(337): 14. September 3, 1910.Archivedfrom the original on July 19, 2021.RetrievedAugust 31,2012....Chase...and...Eytel, an artist of Palm Springs, returned this morning from a horseback jaunt among the mountains from this valley [San Bernardino] to the Mexican line, gathering material for a booklet describing the pine trees of this end of the state.;and,Chase, J. Smeaton(1911).Cone-bearing Trees of the California Mountains.Chicago:A. C. McClurg & Co.pp.99.LCCN11004975.OCLC3477527.The line-drawings are the work of my friend, Mr. Carl Eytel.
  22. ^Bailey, Victoria J. (2003).California Desert Resort Cities: Reflections & Visions.Palm Springs, CA: Desert Springs Publishing. p. 43.ISBN978-0972757201.OCLC54384087.Archivedfrom the original on July 19, 2021.RetrievedNovember 25,2020.
  23. ^abcJaeger, Edmund C.(September 18, 1925). "Eulogy: Death Claims Noted Painter of Desert".Riverside Press-Enterprise.Riverside, CA.His illustrations are to be found in many of the best periodicals and in the publications of Little, Brown & Co., of Boston. Many Southern California homes carry his canvases on their walls and hundreds of former guests of the Desert Inn treasure his remarkably executed pen drawings....
  24. ^abcBogert, Frank M.(2003) [1987].Palm Springs: First Hundred Years.Palm Springs, CA: Palm Springs Library. p. 288.ISBN096187242X.OCLC17171891.
  25. ^Shumway, Nina Paul (July 1949)."Patriarch of Palm Springs".Desert Magazine.12(9). Palm Desert, CA: Desert Press: 28.Archivedfrom the original on September 10, 2015.RetrievedSeptember 9,2017.
  26. ^His reputation as "the desert artist" continued. In 1913 he was visited byUlysses S. Grant IV,then age 20."1913 / A Midsummer Motoring Trip".Desert Magazine.25(3): 20. March 1962.Archivedfrom the original on March 6, 2016.RetrievedSeptember 9,2017.'Then we went on toward a small settlement called Palm Springs....' The desert artist, Carl Eytel, was living alone in a shack.... I recall him well as a lean man with a large moustache, seemingly of frail constitution but wiry and actually, when under stress, possessed of great endurance.Also available atGrant, U. S (March 1961). "A Midsummer Motoring Trip".The Historical Society of Southern California Quarterly.43(1): 85–96.doi:10.2307/41169503.JSTOR41169503.
  27. ^Henderson, Moya; Palm Springs Historical Society (2009).Images of America: Palm Springs.Charleston, SC: Arcadia Publishing. p. 127.ISBN978-0738559827.OCLC268792707.
  28. ^Barnes, Leo; Feldman, Stephen (1977).Handbook of Wealth Management.McGraw-Hill. p. 37-11.ISBN978-0070037656.OCLC2818209.
  29. ^"Charles Francis Saunders and Mira Culin Saunders Collection of Photographs and Negatives".Online Archive of California(OAC).Regents of the University of California.Archivedfrom the original on June 19, 2013.RetrievedNovember 22,2011.Charles Francis Saunders (1859–1941)...and his first wife, Elisabeth Hallowell Saunders (d. 1910), were both avid naturalists...;also seeSaunders, Charles Francis (1914). "IV: Three Hunting on a California Desert".With the Flowers and Trees in California.New York: McBride, Nast & Co. pp.286.OCLC403367.Besides the Professor and myself, there was...Eytel, an artist who...has painted up and down the desert and in a sense made it his own....,andSaunders, Charles Francis (1926).Carl Eytel, Artist of the Colorado Desert.Pasadena, CA: Saunders.OCLC58931532.
  30. ^Filmore, Gary (2011).Desert Horizons: Images of James Swinnerton's Southwest.lulu.com. p. 7.ISBN978-1105051173.
  31. ^Hilton, John H. (July 1941)."Nature is His Teacher".Desert Magazine.4(9). El Centro, CA: Desert Publishing Co.: 12.Archivedfrom the original on April 14, 2016.RetrievedSeptember 9,2017.;and,"Fred Payne Clatworthy (U.S., 1875–1953)".Autochromes:The World Goes Color-Mad.American Museum of Photography. 2008.Archivedfrom the original on April 26, 2012.RetrievedNovember 22,2011.Fred Payne Clatworthy...a professional photographer in...Colorado, publishedAutochromesinNational Geographic...
  32. ^Niemann, Greg (2005).Palm Springs Legends: Creation of a Desert Oasis.San Diego, CA: Sunbelt Publications. p. 286.ISBN978-0932653741.LCCN2005021837.OCLC61211290.(here for Table of ContentsArchivedMarch 4, 2016, at theWayback Machine)
  33. ^Yerxa, Cabot(December 1951). "Carl Eytel".Palm Springs Villager.6(5): 17, 41.
  34. ^abAt the start of World War I Eytel took the conflict personally towards his old English friend Chase; but they may have reconciled when peace was achieved.Wild, Peter(2005).J. Smeaton Chase.Johannesburg, CA: The Shady Myrick Research Project. pp. 40, 127.OCLC62232191.Eytel could get testy about Chase's marriage to a wealthy woman. Also, as to Palm Springs gossip, [he] could have afishwife's tongue;and theascetic'sprerogative, he carped about the horror of declining morals in the village...
  35. ^TheMuseum of Riversidehas a permanent "desert cabin" exhibit about Jaeger which references Eytel as his mentor. See:Museum of Riverside permanent exhibitsArchivedDecember 2, 2011, at theWayback Machine.
  36. ^Japenga, Ann (March 2004)."Bloomsbury, P.S."(PDF).Desert Magazine.Archived(PDF)from the original on April 26, 2012.RetrievedNovember 29,2011.Now and then a knot of likeminded artists and writers converges in one place and you get aBloomsbury Circleor anAlgonquin Roundtable.Such a confluence happened in Palm Springs early in the 1900s. But instead of paneled drawing rooms, the artists convened in a couple of oil can shacks beside the Tahquitz ditch, near where the Tennis Club is today.
  37. ^Kleinschmidt, Janice (August 2007)."The Letters of Carl Eytel: The early desert painter's correspondence with travel writer and teacher Edmund C. Jaeger".Palm Springs Life.Palm Springs: Desert Publications.Archivedfrom the original on April 7, 2012.RetrievedNovember 28,2011.
  38. ^James, George Wharton(1914). "XXVII: California's Influence Upon Art".California, Romantic and Beautiful.See America first series. Boston: The Page Company. p. 397.OCLC3285978.
  39. ^Japenga, Ann (Winter–Spring 2011)."The Smoketree School: Painters respond to the call of the desert".Palm Springs Life.Desert Publications. Archived fromthe originalon April 7, 2012.RetrievedNovember 27,2011.The Smoketree School encompasses not only traditional landscape, but also modernist and Western works, watercolors, and even abstract painting, as well as contemporary artists, such as Terry Masters, Elaine Mathews, and Diane Best.
  40. ^Japenga's commentaries are at:
  41. ^Chase, J. Smeaton(1987) [1920].Our Araby: Palm Springs and the Garden of the Sun.Pasadena, CA: Star-News Publishing Co. (1987 by the Palm Springs Public Library). p. 83.ISBN0961872403.LCCN24010428.OCLC6169840.It looks more than likely that by ten or fifteen years from now a school of painters will have made Our Araby their province, just as now there are theMarbleheadandGloucestermen in the East and theNewlynmen in England. A forerunner of the group I forecast has already been working for many years with Palm Springs for his headquarters, Mr. Carl Eytel, whose knowledge of his field has been earned, as it were, inch by inch and grain by grain, and whose conscientious work gives a truer rendering of the desert than do sensational canvases of the popular Wild West sort.(Electronic copy)
  42. ^Gerdts, William H.(1990). "The Pacific: Southern California".Art Across America: Two Centuries of Regional Painting 1710–1920.Vol. 3. New York:Abbeville Press.pp. 311, 322.ISBN1558590331.LCCN90000598.OCLC755165724.The style adopted by almost all of the leading Los Angeles-area artists in the early twentieth century was Impressionism...The proximity of Los Angeles to the Mojave Desert attracted a whole group of scenic painters to investigate this motif...
  43. ^Law, George (May 20, 1923). "Among the Pueblo Indians".Los Angeles Times.11:15, 30.;and,James, Harry Clebourne (1968) [1960].The Cahuilla Indians.Morongo Indian Reservation:Malki Museum Press (Westernlore Press). p. 185.LCCN60010491.OCLC254156323.– includes drawings of Indian houses, wells, basket granaries andollas)
  44. ^"Palm Springs stagecoach station".Online Exhibitions: Annexation and Statehood.Agua Caliente Cultural Museum.Archivedfrom the original on July 27, 2012.RetrievedAugust 31,2012.;and,Wild, Peter(2008).William Pester: The Hermit of Palm Springs.Johannesburg, CA:The Shady Myrick Research Project. p. Photo 13 (Chino Canyon(Christ Reflected in Water)(1913)).OCLC234084689.
  45. ^Bright, Margorie Belle (1981).Nellie's Boardinghouse: A Dual Biography of Nellie Coffman and Palm Springs.Palm Springs, CA: ETC Publications. pp. 35, 58, 83.ISBN088280068X....arranging for [the] funeral service to be read by his favorite Moravian minister from Banning.LCCF869 P18 C63
    • Professor Wild disputes that the Indian cemetery burial was a particular honor, contending that non-Indian burials were fairly common.Wild, Peter(2007).Tipping the Dream: A Brief History of Palm Springs.Johannesburg, CA: The Shady Myrick Research Project. p. 159n67.OCLC152590848.He also documents this contention in his 2007Letters from Palm Springs(1:140–142).
  46. ^Saunders, Charles Francis (August 25, 1926).Carl Eytel: Artist of the Colorado Desert, California.Sacramento, CA: Unpublished typescript, California History Section,California State Library.OCLC58931532.
  47. ^Young, Patricia Mastick (1983).Desert Dream Fulfilled: The History of the Palm Springs Desert Museum.Palm Springs, CA: Palm Springs Desert Museum. p. 80.LCCN83080384.OCLC19266381.
  48. ^See:
  49. ^Map links:

Further reading[edit]

External links[edit]

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