Carl von In der Maur

Carl von In der Maur
Governor of Liechtenstein
In office 4 January 1897 – 11 December 1913
Monarch	Johann II
Preceded by	Friedrich Stellwag von Carion
Succeeded by	Josef Ospelt
In office 23 September 1884 – 5 September 1892
Monarch	Johann II
Preceded by	Karl Freiherr Haus von Hausen
Succeeded by	Friedrich Stellwag von Carion
Personal details
Born	Carl Josef Anton von In der Maur auf Strelburg und zu Freifeld 16 October 1852 Wiener Neustadt, Austrian Empire
Died	11 December 1913 (aged 61) Vaduz,Liechtenstein
Resting place	St. Martin's Church, Innsbruck,Austria
Spouse	Auguste von Kogerer ​ (m.1883)​
Children	Gilbert von In der Maur
Parents	Karl Johann Josef Romed von In der Maur auf Strelburg und zu Freifeld (father) Barbara Kahl (mother)
Education	Theresian Military Academy
Signature

Carl Josef Anton von In der Maur auf Strelburg und zu Freifeld(also spelledKarl) (16 October 1852 – 11 December 1913) was an Austrian aristocrat and statesman who twice served in the court ofJohann IIas theGovernorofLiechtensteinfrom 1884 until 1892 and again from 1897 until 1913.

In der Maur was born into theTyrolesenoble family ofIn der Maurin Austria. After completing his education he joined the Lower Austrian State Service. He was appointed Governor of Liechtenstein in 1884. He reformed the administration, expanding regulations and government responsibilities. In der Maur had a domineering style of governance, and often acted contrary to the wishes of theLandtag.He left office in 1892 when he was appointedFürstlicher KabinettsrattoVienna,but maintained connections with the rest of the Liechtenstein government through his membership of its Political Recruitment Office. In der Maur returned to the office of Governor in 1897 to serve in a "provisional fashion". He held the post until his death in 1913 following a stroke during an impassioned debate in the Landtag.

Early life

Carl Josef Anton von In der Maur auf Strelburg und zu Freifeld was born on 16 October 1852 inWiener Neustadt,Austrian Empire.He belonged to the Tyrolese noble familyIn der Maur,whom were members of the AustrianLandadelinSouth Tyrol.His father was Karl Johann Josef Romed von In der Maur auf Strelburg und zu Freifeld, who served in the Austrian government as the Assistant Secretary of the Ministry of Education, and his mother was Barbara Kahl.His father had previously been married to Baroness Maria Ludovika Benz de Albkron.He was the elder brother of Ernst Alexander, Marianne Barbara, Friedrich, and Klara Barbara.In der Maur attendedsecondary schoolin Vienna before studying law and political science at theTheresian Military Academy,where he graduated with honors in 1875.

Career

Carl von In der Maur during his earlier years in politics

After finishing school, In der Maur entered the Lower Austrian State Service.InVaduzhe served as Presidential Secretary.On 23 September 1884, In der Maur was appointedFürstlicher Landesverweser(i.e. Governor) of thePrincipality of Liechtensteinin Vaduz byPrince Johann II.During this time theLandtagpassed an unusually limited amount of legislation.In lieu of such lawmaking activity, In der Maur's administration was reorganised and assumed more bureaucratic functions and responsibilities. Between autumn 1884 and December 1890 it promulgated 119 new regulations concerning matters such as education, religion, communal governance, prisons, midwifery, chimney sweeping, livestock, and forest management.He took a particular interest in the school system and endeavored to standardise primary education. He approached governance with an authoritarian style and often contradicted the wishes of theLandtag;his government employed "preventive censorship" and suppressed attempts to introduce bills that would ensurefreedom of the press.

In der Maur left office on 5 September 1892,when he was appointedFürstlicher KabinettsrattoViennaand was replaced byFriedrich Stellwag von Carion.He maintained his ties with the rest of the Liechtenstein government through his membership of its Political Recruitment Office. In October 1896, Stellwag died and In der Maur returned to Vaduz to assume his old position in a "provisional" fashion.He regained office on 4 January 1897.He officially retained his post in the Political Recruitment Office, though another appointee took charge of his responsibilities. In der Maur continued to serve as provisional Governor of Liechtenstein until his death.

In der Maur (front row, third from left) with members of the Landtag in 1908.

In 1901, In der Maur co-founded and became a board member of theHistorical Association for the Principality of Liechtenstein,a post he retained until his death.He received theJubilee Medalfor imperial and royal civil state servants in Austria and was awarded the Commander's Cross of theImperial and Royal Austrian Order of Franz Josephin 1909. That year, on the 25th anniversary of his service to Johann II, he was conferred withhonorary citizenshipof the Principality of Liechtenstein by theLandtag.

Personal life and family

In der Maur enjoyed learning foreign languages and read Latin classics in his leisure. He was also fond of his work as a bureaucrat and head of government.In a report compiled for top government officials in 1890, he expressed disdain for low-level civil servants and private Liechtensteiner practitioners, reserving positive judgments for foreign noble officials, and asserted that peasants frequently had to be forced to accept "progress".He married Auguste von Kogerer, daughter ofHeinrich Ritter von Kogerer,on 11 September 1883 in Vienna. Auguste gave birth on 15 August 1887 in Vaduz to their only son,Gilbert Heinrich Carl August von In der Maur auf Strelberg und zu Freifeld.

Death

In der Maur's health steadily declined as he aged. During a heated debate in theLandtaghe suffered from a stroke, eventually dying on 11 December 1913 in Vaduz.A requiem mass was held on 15 December and he was interred in the crypt of St. Martin's Church inGnadenwald,Innsbruck.

Bibliography

In der Maur wrote numerous legal and historical essays during his lifetime,including:

• Die Gründung des Fürstenthums Liechtenstein(1901)
• Feldmarschall Johann Fürst von Liechtenstein und seine Regierungszeit im Fürstentum(1905)
• Verfassung und Verwaltung im Fürstentum Liechtenstein(1907)
• Johann II. Fürst von Liechtenstein(1908)

References

• Epstein, Mortimer (2016).The Statesman's Year-Book: Statistical and Historical Annual of the States of the World for the Year 1943(80, illustrated ed.). Springer.ISBN9780230270725.
• Genealogisches Taschenbuch der adeligen Häuser Österreichs(in German). Vol. 1. Vienna: O. Maass' Söhne. 1905.OCLC47886155.
• Probleme des Kleinstaates gestern und heute: Seiner Durchlaucht Fürst Franz Josef II. von und zu Liechtenstein zum 70. Geburtstag.Liechtenstein politische Schriften (in German). Vol. 6. Verlag der Liechtensteinischen Akademischen Gesellschaft. 1976.OCLC988191347.
• Shackleton, Robert (1913).Unvisited Places of Old Europe.Philadelphia: Penn Publishing Company.OCLC486211.
• Vogt, Paul (1990),"Der Rechenschaftsbericht des Landesverwesers Carl von In der Maur",Jahrbuch des Historischen Vereins für das Fürstentum Liechtenstein(in German), Liechtensteinische Landesbiblothek,OCLC891922031