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Carol Channing

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Carol Channing
Channing in 1973
Born
Carol Elaine Channing

(1921-01-31)January 31, 1921
Seattle, Washington,U.S.
DiedJanuary 15, 2019
(aged 97)
Rancho Mirage, California,U.S.
Alma materBennington College
Occupations
  • Actress
  • comedian
  • singer
  • dancer
Years active1941–2016
Spouses
Theodore Naidish
​
​
(m.1941;div.1944)​
​
​
(m.1953;div.1956)​
Charles Lowe
​
​
(m.1956; died 1999)​
Harry Kullijian
​
​
(m.2003; died 2011)​
Children1
Signature

Carol Elaine Channing(January 31, 1921 – January 15, 2019) was an American actress, comedian, singer and dancer who starred inBroadwayand film musicals. Her characters usually had a fervent expressiveness and an easily identifiable voice, whether singing or for comedic effect.

Channing originated the lead roles inGentlemen Prefer Blondesin 1949 andHello, Dolly!in 1964, winning theTony Award for Best Actress in a Musicalfor the latter. She revived both roles several times throughout her career, playing Dolly on Broadway for the final time in 1995. She was nominated for her first Tony Award in 1956 forThe Vamp,followed by a nomination in 1961 forShow Girl.She received her fourth Tony Award nomination for the musicalLoreleiin 1974.

As a film actress, she won theGolden Globe Awardand was nominated for theAcademy Award for Best Supporting Actressfor her performance as Muzzy inThoroughly Modern Millie(1967). Her other film appearances includeThe First Traveling Saleslady(1956) andSkidoo(1968). On television, she appeared as an entertainer on variety shows. She performedThe White Queenin the TV production ofAlice in Wonderland(1985), and she had the first of many TV specials in 1966, titledAn Evening with Carol Channing.[1]

Channing was inducted into theAmerican Theater Hall of Famein 1981 and received aLifetime Achievement Tony Awardin 1995.[2]She continued to perform and make appearances well into her 90s, singing songs from her repertoire and sharing stories with fans, cabaret-style. She was one of the "legends" interviewed in the award-winning documentary,Broadway: The Golden Age, by the Legends Who Were There.[3]She released her autobiographyJust Lucky I Guessin 2002, andLarger Than Lifewas released in 2008, a documentary film about her career.[4]

Early life

[edit]

Channing was born in Seattle, Washington, on January 31, 1921,[5]the only child of Adelaide (née Glaser; 1886–1984) and George Channing (1888–1957). Her father, born George Christian Stucker, wasmultiracialand changed his surname for religious reasons before Carol's birth. He became aChristian Sciencepractitioner, editor, and teacher.[6][7]George Channing's mother, Clara, was African-American, and his father, George Stucker, was the son of German immigrants. Carol's maternal grandparents, Otto Glaser, and Paulina Ottmann, were both of German-Jewish origin.[8][9]A city editor atThe Seattle Star,George Channing took a job at The San Francisco Chronicle and the family moved to California when Channing was two years old.[6][7]

Channing attendedAptos Junior High SchoolandLowell High Schoolin San Francisco, graduating in 1938. She won the Crusaders' Oratorical Contest and a free trip to Hawaii with her mother in June 1937.[10]When she was 17, she left home to attendBennington Collegein Vermont and her mother told her for the first time that her father's mother was African American and his father was German American.[11]: 50 [12]: 8 Her mother felt that the time was right to tell her since now that she was going off to college and would be on her own, she didn't want her to be surprised if she ever had a Black baby.[11]: 8 [13][14][15][a]Channing wrote:

I know it's true the moment I sing and dance. I'm proud as can be of [my Black ancestry]. It's one of the great strains in show business. I'm so grateful. My father was a very dignified man and as white as I am.[15]

Channing publicly revealed her African-American ancestry in 2002.[18]

Channing majored in drama at Bennington and during an interview in 1994 revealed that she first wanted to perform on stage as a singer when she was in the fourth grade. She recalled being emotionally drawn to the stage after seeingEthel Watersperform.[19]

Channing performingDiamonds are a Girl's Best FriendinGentlemen Prefer Blondes(1949)

Channing stated that in the fourth grade she ran for and was elected class secretary: "I stood up in class and campaigned by kidding the teachers. The other kids laughed. I loved the feeling — it was a very good feeling; it still is." She read the class minutes every Friday, often impersonating the children who were discussed.[20]She also considers the fact that she was able to see plays while very young to have been an important inspiration:

I was lucky enough to grow up in San Francisco and it was the best theater town thatSol Hurokknew and he brought everybody from all over the world and we schoolchildren got to see them with just 50-cent tickets.[21]

Her election to class secretary continued through grammar and high school: "It was very good training—like stock."[20]Those weekly sessions in front of students became a habit which she carried to Bennington College, where she would entertain every Friday night. During her junior year, she began trying out for acting parts on Broadway. After playing a small part in the revue,The New Yorkernoted her performance: "You'll be hearing more from a comedienne named Carol Channing."[20]The inspiration she received from that brief notice made her decide to quit school. However, it was four years before she found another acting job. During that period, she performed at small functions or benefits, including some in the Catskill resorts. She also worked in Macy's bakery.[20]

Career

[edit]

Stage

[edit]

Channing was introduced to the stage while helping her mother deliver newspapers to the backstage of theatres.[b]

Her first job on stage in New York City was inMarc Blitzstein'sNo for an Answer,starting January 1941, at the Mecca Temple (laterNew York City Center). She was 19. She moved to Broadway forLet's Face It!,where she was an understudy forEve Arden,who was 13 years older than Channing. Much later, in 1966, Arden was hired for the title role inHello Dolly!in a road company when Channing left to star in the filmThoroughly Modern Millie.[23]Channing won theSarah Siddons Awardfor her work in Chicago's theatres in 1966 (Eve Arden won the next year).[24]

Finding roles that suit the strange and wonderful charms of Carol Channing has always been a problem to Broadway showmen. She looks like an overgrownkewpie.She sings like a moon-mad hillbilly. Her dancing is crazily comic. And behind her saucer eyes is a kind of gentle sweetness that pleads for affection.

Lifemagazine cover story, 1955[25]

Five years later, Channing had a featured role inLend an Ear(1948), for which she received herTheatre World Awardand launched her as a star performer. She credited illustratorAl Hirschfeldfor helping make her a star when he put her image in his widely published illustrations.[26]She said that his drawing of her as aflapperwas what helped her get the lead in her next play, theJule StyneandAnita LoosmusicalGentlemen Prefer Blondes.From that role, as Lorelei Lee, she gained recognition, with her signature song from the production, "Diamonds Are a Girl's Best Friend,"among the most widely known.[27][28]

In January 1950,Timemagazine ran a cover story about her becoming a new star on Broadway, followed by cover stories inLifemagazine in 1955 and 1964.[29][30][c][d][e][f]

In 1956, Channing married her manager and publicist Charles Lowe. During the 1950s, he produced theBurns and Allencomedy show, which starredGeorge BurnsandGracie Allen.[31]When Allen was forced to discontinue performing due to heart ailments, she saw that Burns needed a partner to play against on stage since he was best as a straight man. She remembered that Channing, like she, had one of the most distinctive and recognizable voices in show business, and Lowe asked Channing if she would perform with Burns. She accepted immediately, and Channing worked on and off with Burns through the late 1950s. Burns also appeared in her TV special,An Evening with Carol Channing,in 1966.[32]

In 1961, Channing became one of the few performers nominated for aTony Awardfor work in a revue (rather than a traditional book musical); she was nominated forBest Actress in a Musicalfor the short-lived revueShow Girl.[33]

David Burns and Channing inHello, Dolly!(1964)

Channing came to national prominence as the star ofJerry Herman'sHello, Dolly!(1964). Her performance as Dolly Levi won the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Musical. She recalled that playwrightThornton Wilderso loved the musical, which was based on his play,The Matchmaker,that he came once a week.[31]He also planned to rewrite his 1942 playThe Skin of Our Teeth,with Channing playing the parts of both Mrs. Antrobus and Sabina but died before he could finish it.[31]

Approval of her performance in the 1960s meant she was often invited to major events, including those at theWhite House,where she might sing. Channing was a registeredDemocratand was invited to theDemocratic convention in 1964in Atlantic City, New Jersey where she sang "Hello, Lyndon" forLyndon B. Johnson's campaign.[34]She was a favorite ofLady Bird Johnson,who once gave her a huge bouquet after a show.[35]In 1967, she also became the first celebrity to perform at theSuper Bowl halftime show.

The old-fashioned plot ofHello, Dolly,when first described, might seem uninspired, says columnistDick Kleiner:

But then you sit in the audience and Carol Channing comes out, turns on her huge eyes and monumental smile—and you sit there with a silly grin on your face for 2 1/2 hours, bathed in the benevolent spell of a great comedienne...It is hard to imagine her doing anything else but making people smile. She is that human curio, the born female comic.[20]

The show had first opened on Broadway on January 16, 1964, and by the time the show closed in late December 1970, it had become the longest-running musical in Broadway history, with nearly 3,000 performances. Besides Channing, six other stars played the title role during those seven years:Ginger Rogers,Martha Raye,Betty Grable,Pearl Bailey,Phyllis DillerandEthel Merman.[36]

Peter Palmer and Channing inLorelei(1973)

Al Hirschfeld's illustration of her was printed on the front page of the "Sunday Theatre" section ofThe New York Times.She felt that this image captured the essence of her character, having posited in writing, "How did the great Hirschfeld know precisely what I was thinking?... To be Hirschfelded is an eerie experience. You better not have anything to hide, because he'll expose it like a neon sign"...[11]: 68 [g]The illustration was also printed on the cover of magazines, includingHorizon.[37]She later appeared in the movie biography about his life,The Line King,in 1996.[38]

Channing reprised her role of Lorelei Lee when the musicalLorelei,directed byRobert Mooreand choreographed by Ernest O. Flatt, premiered in 1973 at the Oklahoma City (6000 seat) Civic Center Music Hall and broke all box office records after six days' worth of performances sold out within 24 hours.[39]

To commemorate this record event, the street running in front of the Music Hall was renamed Channing Square Drive in her honor. Also in the cast werePeter Palmer,Brandon Maggart,Dody Goodman,andLee Roy Reams.For nearly a year, the stage musical then toured 11 cities across the country.Loreleihad earned a hefty profit by the time it opened on Broadway at thePalace Theatreon January 27, 1974, and ran for a total of 320 performances. Channing also appeared in two New York City revivals ofHello, Dolly!,and toured with it extensively throughout the United States.[40]

She performed songs fromHello, Dollyduring a special television show in London in 1979.[41]

Film

[edit]

Channing also appeared in a number of films, includingThe First Traveling Saleslady(1956), in which she gave future starClint Eastwoodhis first onscreen kiss; the cult filmSkidoo;andThoroughly Modern Millie(starringJulie Andrews,Mary Tyler Moore,John Gavin,andBeatrice Lillie). ForMillieshe received a nomination for theAcademy Award for Best Supporting Actress,and was awarded aGolden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture.[42][43][44]Channing said she was especially grateful to Andrews for helping her develop her character: "She will forever be my angel," she says.[45]

Due to her success on Broadway inHello Dolly!and her co-starring role inThoroughly Modern Millie,Channing attracted the attention ofLucille BallandDesi Arnaz,who were interested in starring her in a sitcom. Directed and produced by Arnaz and written byBob Carroll Jr.andMadelyn Davis(who co-wroteI Love LucyandThe Lucy Show),The Carol Channing Showstarred Channing as Carol Hunnicut, a small-town girl trying and failing to make it in New York City show business. Character actorsRichard DeaconandJane Dulowere in the supporting cast. The pilot was filmed in front of a live audience (with a laugh track added) atDesiluin 1966 but did not sell as a series.[46][better source needed]

Channing performing withPearl Baileyin 1973[47]

During her film career, Channing also made some guest appearances on television sitcoms and talk shows, includingWhat's My Line?where she appeared in 11 episodes from 1962 to 1966.[48]Channing did voice-over work in cartoons, most notably asGrandmamain an animated version ofThe Addams Familyfrom 1992 to 1995.[49]

Television

[edit]

During most of her career, Channing was asked to perform in various skits or appear as a guest on regular shows. In the 1960s, she was onThe Andy Williams Show.[50]In 1974, she participated in the television specialFree to Be... You and Me,based on Marlo Thomas' best-selling album of 1972, in which Channing also appeared.Free...won theEmmy Awardfor Outstanding Children's Special andThe Peabody Award.[51][52][53]In 1980, she guest starred onThe Muppet Showwhere she participated in several skits, performed a medley of Jeepers Creepers, and sang her signature song, Diamonds are a Girl's Best Friend, as a duet with Miss Piggy. In 1985, she played the role of the White Queen in the television specialAlice in Wonderland.[54]In 1986, Channing appeared onSesame Streetand sang a parody of the song "Hello, Dolly!"called" Hello, Sammy! ", a love song being sung by Carol to a character known as Sammy the Snake (as voiced byMuppetscreatorJim Henson). Carol, in this parody segment, serenades Sammy telling him just how much she loves and adores him while Sammy coils himself around Carol's arms. Carol's song includes lyrics such as: "So..turn on your charm, Sammy/Coil yourself around my arm, Sammy/Sammy the Snake, I'll stake a claim on you".[55]SongwriterJule Styne,who wrote the score forGentlemen Prefer Blondes,invited her on his television special in 1987 where she performed another one of her signature songs, "Little Girl from Little Rock".[56]

In 1993, she poked fun at herself in an episode ofThe Nanny.The episode "Smoke Gets in Your Lies" shows the producer auditioning for a new musical, and Channing, playing herself, is trying out. Just after the producer announces he wants a stage presence that is instantly recognizable to the entire country, Channing begins with her signature "Hello, Dolly!",but he stops her with a resounding" Next! ".[57]

In January 2003, Channing recorded the audiobook of her best-selling autobiographyJust Lucky, I Guess: A Memoir of Sorts,directed and produced by Steve Garrin at VideoActive Productions in New York City. It was during the recording sessions that she received a phone call from her childhood sweetheart Harry Kullijian that rekindled their romance and led to their marriage a few months later. In January 2008, the documentaryCarol Channing: Larger Than Life(which chronicles Channing's life and career) was released.[58]

Personal life

[edit]
Channing in 2009

Channing was married four times. Her first husband was Theodore Naidish, whom she married in 1941 when she was 20. He was a writer who in 1944 wroteWatch Out for Willie Carter,[11]: 52 [59]but during the nearly five years of their marriage, earned little income: "There was no money for food, clothing or housing."[11]: 52 Still, Channing adored his émigré Jewish family, stating in her memoir, "There is nothing so safe and secure as an immigrant, foreign-language-speaking family all around you. It was a dream come true for me. They look after you, you look after them. They make chick'n in the pot if you're sick. You learn marvelous new-sounding words every minute."[11]: 48 Channing and Naidish lived near his grandparents in Brighton Beach in the borough of Brooklyn in New York City. She remembered his grandfather Sam Cohen introducing her to some of his neighborhood friends, who were amazed that she enjoyed hearing their funny stories. "They were delighted that I almost ate them up alive," she wrote, "because they were so funny, especially since such appreciation was coming from what we all thought then was ashiksa(me). "She learned to speak fluentYiddishfrom "Grandpa Cohen", a skill that helped her understand the boardwalk conversations that went on around her in town.[11]: 51 

Her second husbandAlexander F. Carson,known as Axe,[60]or "The Murderous Ax",[11]: 109 played center for theOttawa Rough RidersCanadian footballteam and was also a private detective.[60]They married in 1950 and divorced in September 1956.[61]They had one son, Channing Carson.[62]

In September 1956, "Immediately following the entry of the divorce decree" from Carson,[61]Channing married her manager and publicist Charles Lowe. In 1960, Carson's parental rights were severed due to his abandonment,[61]and his and Channing's son took his stepfather's surname. As the judge stated, "The differences in environment and miles would result in a gross injustice in itself to the child, who at this very tender stage does not even know what his real father looks like. He probably doesn't even realize that the present husband of Mrs. Channing is not his father."[61]Channing Lowe publishes his cartoons as Chan Lowe.[63]Channing filed for divorce from Lowe in 1998, but her estranged husband died before the divorce was finalized.[64]

After Lowe's death and until shortly before her fourth marriage, the actress's companion was Roger Denny, an interior designer.[65]

In 2003, while recording the audiobook of her autobiographyJust Lucky, I Guess,at VideoActive Productions, NYC, produced and directed by Steve Garrin, she rekindled her romance with her junior high school sweetheart, Harry Kullijian, and they married on May 10, 2003.[66]They later performed at their old junior high school in a benefit for the school. They also promoted arts education in California schools through theirDr. Carol Channing and Harry Kullijian Foundation.They resided in both Modesto, California, and Rancho Mirage, California. They would also spent some of their time inPalm Springs.[67]Harry Kullijian died on December 26, 2011, the eve of his 92nd birthday.[68]

Channing had unique dietary habits. In 1978, she said she had not eaten restaurant food in 15 years and preferred onlyorganic food.When invited to restaurants, she brought several sealed containers with her own food, such as zucchini or chopped celery, and simply asked for an empty plate and glass.[69]For dessert, she ate seeds. By 1995, Channing had resumed eating food served by restaurants.[70]However, she did not drink alcoholic beverages of any kind.[31]She was a survivor of ovarian cancer.[71]

Channing died fromnatural causeson January 15, 2019 at her home inRancho Mirage, California,at the age of 97.[72][73]On January 16, 2019, the lights on Broadway were dimmed in her honor. A crowd congregated outside theSt. James Theatre,as it had also been the anniversary of the opening of the original Broadway production ofHello, Dolly!.[74]Betty Buckleydedicated the January 15, 2019 performance of the national tour of the revival ofHello, Dolly!inSan Diegoto Channing following her death.[75]Channing's ashes were scattered between theCurran Theatreand theGeary TheaterinSan Francisco.[76]

Legacy and honors

[edit]
The handprints of Carol Channing in front ofThe Great Movie RideatDisney's Hollywood Studiosat theWalt Disney WorldResort

Theater

[edit]
Year Title Role Notes
1941 No for an Answer
Let's Face It! Maggie Watson Understudy forEve Arden
1942 Proof Thro' the Night Steve
1948 Lend an Ear Mrs. Playgoer
1949–52 Gentlemen Prefer Blondes Lorelei Lee
1953 Pygmalion Eliza Doolittle
1954 Wonderful Town Ruth Sherwood Replacement forRosalind Russell
1955 The Vamp Flora Weems
1959 Show Business
1961 Show Girl Lynn
1963 The Millionairess Epifania Ognisanti di Parerga
1963–66; 1977–79; 1981–83; 1994–96 Hello, Dolly! Mrs. Dolly Gallagher Levi
1971 Four on a Garden Mrs. Dunkelmayer, Betty, Irene, Mrs. Wexel
1973–75 Lorelei Lorelei Lee
1974 Jule's Friends at the Palace Herself Broadway Special; benefit concert
1976 The Bed Before Yesterday
1980 Sugar Babies Carol (Herself)
1984 Jerry's Girls Herself
1985 Legends! Sylvia Glenn
1987 Happy Birthday, Mr. Abbott! Herself Broadway Special; benefit concert
1988 Broadway at the Bowl Herself
1991 Give My Regards to Broadway Herself Broadway Special; benefit concert
2003 Singular Sensations Herself
2004 Razzle Dazzle!
2014 Hello, Dolly! 50th Anniversary Herself
Time Steppin'
2016 95th Birthday in Celebration of a Broadway Legend Herself

Filmography

[edit]
Main article:Carol Channing in film and television

Discography

[edit]
Main article:Carol Channing in film and television § Discography

Awards and nominations

[edit]
Year Award Category Work Result
1956 Tony Award Best Actress in a Musical The Vamp[86] Nominated
1961 Show Girl[87] Nominated
1964 Hello, Dolly![88] Won
1968 Academy Awards Best Supporting Actress[88] Thoroughly Modern Millie Nominated
Golden Globe Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture[88] Won
Tony Award Special Award[89] Won
1974 Best Actress in a Musical Lorelei[90] Nominated
1979 Olivier Award Best Actress in a Musical[91] Hello, Dolly! Nominated
1991 Grammy Award Album for Children Prokofiev: Peter and the Wolf; A Zoo Called Earth/Gerald McBoing Boing Nominated
1995 Tony Award Lifetime Achievement Award[92] Won
1996 Drama Critics Circle Lifetime Achievement Award[93] Won
2002 Grammy Award Grammy Hall of Fame[94] Hello, Dolly!Original Broadway Cast Recording Won
Tony Award(West) Lifetime Achievement Award[95] Benefit for AIDS and Actors' Fund Won

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^Channing toldLarry Kingduring an interview, that because her father's birth certificate was destroyed in a fire, she cannot verify the details beyond some old photos and what her mother told her.[16][17]
  2. ^We went through the stage door alley (for theCurran Theatre), and I couldn't get the stage door open. My mother came and opened it very well. Anyway, my mother went to put theMonitorswhere they were supposed to go for the actors and the crew and the musicians, and she left me alone. And I stood there and realized – I'll never forget it because it came over me so strongly – that this is a temple. This is a cathedral. It's a mosque. It's a mother church. This is for people who have gotten a glimpse of creation and all they do is recreate it. I stood there and wanted to kiss the floorboards.[22]
  3. ^Hirschfeld illustration of Channing as Lady Macbeth
  4. ^Hirschfeld illustration of Channing with George Burns
  5. ^Hirschfeld illustration of Channing with Liza Minnelli and Zero Mostel
  6. ^Hirschfeld illustration of Channing with Matt Mattox inThe Vamp
  7. ^Hirschfeld illustration of Channing inHello, Dolly

References

[edit]
  1. ^"An Evening with Carol Channing (1966)".YouTube.com.October 20, 2015.RetrievedMarch 27,2017.
  2. ^"Carol Channing, legendary Broadway actress, dies at 97".NBC News.January 15, 2019.RetrievedJanuary 16,2019.
  3. ^Foundas, Scott (June 30, 2003)."Broadway: The Golden Age".Variety.RetrievedJanuary 16,2022.
  4. ^"Carol Channing,Larger Than Life(2012) – trailer ".YouTube.com.Archived fromthe originalon July 20, 2012.RetrievedMarch 27,2017.
  5. ^"Carol Channing biography"tcm.com; retrieved August 17, 2010.
  6. ^ab"World is O.K., Says Church Lecturer",The Seattle Times,September 29, 1954, pg. 32.
  7. ^ab"Channing, Religious Editor, Dies",The Seattle Times,May 29, 1957, pg. 33.
  8. ^"Carol Channing, Iconic Broadway Star of Hello, Dolly!, Dies at 97".PEOPLE.com.RetrievedJanuary 10,2021.
  9. ^Kaplan, Marty (January 16, 2019)."I Remember 'Aunt Carol' Channing".The Forward.Archivedfrom the original on January 16, 2019.RetrievedJanuary 10,2021.
  10. ^Zinko, Carolyne (May 11, 2003)."Carol Channing marries long-time sweetheart"ArchivedJune 14, 2013, at theWayback Machine,reprinted at lowellalumni.org; retrieved June 10, 2013.
  11. ^abcdefghChanning, Carol.Just Lucky I Guess: A Memoir of Sorts,Simon & Schuster, (2002),ISBN0743216067
  12. ^"Carol Channing on The Wendy Williams Show".The Wendy Show.August 24, 2010. Archived fromthe originalon December 8, 2015.RetrievedOctober 6,2015.
  13. ^"Carol Channing reveals her father was Black".Jet.Johnson Publishing Company. November 4, 2002.RetrievedApril 21,2008.
  14. ^"CNN.com".CNN.
  15. ^ab"At 82, Channing still in step",Chicago Tribune, May 22, 2003; accessed July 26, 2024.
  16. ^Larry King interview with Carol Channing,CNN, November 27, 2002
  17. ^The November 4, 2002, issue ofJetmagazine reported, based on her autobiography, that Channing's father was African-American.
  18. ^Delbyck, Cole; Moran, Lee (January 15, 2019)."Broadway Legend Carol Channing Dies".HuffPost.
  19. ^"Carol Channing Interview 1994 Hello, Dolly tour".October 24, 2010 – via YouTube.
  20. ^abcdeKleiner, Dick. "AnalyzeHello, Dollyand You Get Carol Channing ",The Progress-Index(Petersburg, Virginia), July 9, 1964.
  21. ^ab"Fake diamonds not a president's friend",The Greenville News,(Greenville, South Carolina), November 8, 1992
  22. ^Faires, Robert (July 22, 2005)."The Carol You Don't Know".Austin Chronicle, Online Edition.RetrievedMay 10,2006.
  23. ^Zolotow, Sam (May 13, 1966)."Traube to Work for 5 Theaters".The New York Times.
  24. ^"Awardees".Sarah Siddons Society.RetrievedMarch 7,2019.
  25. ^Lifemagazine, Nov. 28, 1955, pg. 154
  26. ^Al Hirschfeld Exhibit,WPIX News, 2013
  27. ^vintage video clips (May 21, 2015)."Carol Channing –" Diamonds Are A Girl's Best Friend "(1957)".Archivedfrom the original on November 7, 2021 – via YouTube.
  28. ^"YouTube".www.youtube.com.November 18, 2014.Archivedfrom the original on November 7, 2021.
  29. ^toldes (October 24, 2010)."Carol Channing Interview 1994 Hello, Dolly tour"– via YouTube.
  30. ^Leopold, David, ed.; Hirschfeld, Al (illustrations)The Hirschfeld Century: Portrait of an Artist and His Age,Knopf Doubleday (2015)
  31. ^abcd"Enchanting Channing: 'Oh, oh, oh, fellas; look at the old girl now, fellas'",The Orlando SentinelNovember 24, 1978,
  32. ^keywslt (October 20, 2015)."An Evening with Carol Channing 1966"– via YouTube.
  33. ^"1961 Tony Award Winners – Browse by Year".BroadwayWorld.com.Wisdom Digital Media. Archived fromthe originalon May 5, 2012.RetrievedJuly 18,2012.
  34. ^"'Hello, Lyndon!' Joins Campaign at Democratic Parley Next Week; Herman, composer, to Play Song for Carol Channing at Atlantic City Meeting ".The New York Times.August 21, 1964.
  35. ^Carol Channing Interview 1994 Hello, Dolly touronYouTube
  36. ^"'Hello Dolly' Closing After Record Run",Cincinnati Enquirer,December 1, 1970.
  37. ^"Hirschfeld cover image of Carol Channing".pinimg.com.RetrievedJuly 12,2018.
  38. ^"The Line King: The Al Hirschfeld Story".IMDB.com.RetrievedSeptember 1,2022.
  39. ^Price, Mary Sue (September 30, 1984)."Well, Hello, Carol! That Luminous Lady Lights City's Night".NewsOK.RetrievedOctober 6,2015.
  40. ^"Hello, Dolly! on Broadway".Playbill Vault.RetrievedOctober 6,2015.
  41. ^Hello, Dolly(London appearance, 1979),youtube.com; accessed January 15, 2017.
  42. ^"Awards for Thoroughly Modern Millie".Thoroughly Modern Millie (1967).IMDb.com.RetrievedJuly 18,2012.
  43. ^"The 40th Academy Awards (1968) Nominees and Winners".The Awards.Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.RetrievedJuly 18,2012.
  44. ^"Thoroughly Modern Millie".Award Search.Hollywood Foreign 2012. Archived fromthe originalon September 11, 2012.
  45. ^Shapiro, Eddie.Nothing Like a Dame: Conversations with the Great Women of Musical Theater,Oxford Univ. Press (2014), pg. 34
  46. ^"The Carol Channing Show" (1966),IMDB.com; accessed July 12, 2018.
  47. ^"Carol Channing TV and Film Clips".YouTube. September 15, 2014.Archivedfrom the original on November 7, 2021.
  48. ^roots66 (December 18, 2009)."Carol Channing on" What's My Line? "".Archivedfrom the original on November 7, 2021 – via YouTube.{{cite web}}:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  49. ^Perlmutter, David (2018).The Encyclopedia of American Animated Television Shows.Rowman & Littlefield. p. 5.ISBN978-1-5381-0374-6.
  50. ^NedNickerson2010 (September 28, 2012)."Carol Channing & Andy Williams – HILARIOUS Cecilia Sisson Comedy Sketch".Archived fromthe originalon July 16, 2013 – via YouTube.{{cite web}}:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  51. ^Tsioulcas, Anastasia (January 15, 2019)."Carol Channing: In Memoriam Playlist".NPR.RetrievedJanuary 9,2022.
  52. ^"Marlo Thomas and Friends in Free To Be...You and Me".Television Academy.RetrievedJanuary 9,2022.
  53. ^"Free to Be...You and Me".The Peabody Awards.RetrievedJanuary 9,2022.
  54. ^jponry (April 9, 2007)."Carol Channing Is Better Than You".Archivedfrom the original on November 7, 2021 – via YouTube.
  55. ^Carol Channing sings to Sammy the SnakeonYouTube
  56. ^"Little Girl from Little Rock – Carol Channing".YouTube. September 13, 2009.Archivedfrom the original on November 7, 2021.
  57. ^"The Nanny s01e02 Episode Script: Smoke Gets in Your Lies".
  58. ^Goldstein, Gary (January 20, 2012)."Movie review: 'Carol Channing: Larger Than Life' documentary is terrific".Los Angeles Times.ISSN0458-3035.RetrievedSeptember 29,2015.
  59. ^Watch Out For Willie Carter,Amazon Books
  60. ^abJohn Wilson,Noel, Tallulah, Cole, and Me: A Memoir of Broadway's Golden Age(Bowman & Littlefield, 2015), page xviii
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Further reading

[edit]
  • Just Lucky I Guess: A Memoir of Sortsby Carol Channing (Simon & Schuster, 2002)
  • Diary of a Mad Playwright: Perilous Adventures on the Road withMary Martinand Carol ChanningbyJames Kirkwood, Jr.,about production of the playLegends(Dutton, 1989)
[edit]
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