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Carrefour

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For other uses, seeCarrefour (disambiguation).

Carrefour S.A.
Company typePublic
Euronext Paris:CA
CAC 40Component
ISINFR0000120172
Industry
Founded1 January 1958;66 years ago(1958-01-01)
Founders
Headquarters
Massy,Essonne
,
France
Number of locations
Increase13,894 stores(2021)[1]
Area served
Europe,Middle East,North Africa,East Africa,South Asia,East Asia,South America
Key people
[2]
ServicesCash and carry,warehouse club,discount store,hypermarket,supercenter,superstore,supermarket
Revenue
Increase€81.25 billion (2021)[3][1]
  • Increase35.28 billion (France)
  • Increase21.28 billion (Europe)
  • Increase13.89 billion (Latam)
  • Increase2.49 billion (Taiwan)
Increase€2.27 billion (2021)[3][1]
  • Decrease768 million (Latam)
  • Increase757 million (France)
  • Increase718 million (Europe)
  • Decrease78 million (Taiwan)
  • Negative increase-49 million (global functions)
Increase€1.07 billion (2021)[3]
Total assetsIncrease€47.67 billion (2021)[3]
Total equityIncrease€11.83 billion (2021)[3]
Number of employees
Decrease319,565(2021)[1]
Websitecarrefour.com

Carrefour(French pronunciation:[kaʁfuʁ]ⓘ) is a French multinational retail and wholesaling corporation headquartered inMassy,France. Theseventh-largest retailer in the worldby revenue, it operates a chain ofhypermarkets,groceriesstores andconveniencestores, which, as of December 2021,comprised 13,894 stores in over 30 countries.[4]

History[edit]

The first Carrefour shop (not a hypermarket) opened in 1960, within suburbanAnnecy,near acrossroads(hence the name ―carrefourmeanscrossroadsin French). The group was created in 1958 by Marcel Fournier,Denis Defforeyand Jacques Defforey,[5]who attended and were influenced by several seminars in the United States led by "the Pope of retail",Bernardo Trujillo.

The Carrefour group was the first in Europe to open a hypermarket, a large supermarket, and adepartment storeunder the same roof. They opened their first hypermarket on 15 June 1963 inSainte-Geneviève-des-Bois,near Paris.[6]

In September 2009, Carrefour updated its logo.[7]

In May 2011, Carrefour reviewed its business situation under conditions of stagnant growth and increasing competition in France from rivals includingCasino Guichard-Perrachon SA,and decided to invest €1.5 billion ($2.22 billion) to introduce the supermarket concept of Carrefour Planet inWestern Europe.

In April 2015, Brazilian businessmanAbílio Dinizrevealed he was in talks to raise his 5.07 per cent stake in Carrefour and has the support of shareholders to take a board seat.[8]

On 9 June 2017, the board of directors choseAlexandre Bompardas the new chairman and chief executive officer of Carrefour with effect as of 18 July 2017.[9]

In 2017, Carrefour began working with a small French start-up, Expliceat, on a trial basis.[10]

In January 2018, Alexandre Bompard announced a strategic plan for the company, entitled "Carrefour 2022", that seeks to make Carrefour the "leader of the food transition for all". The plan includes measures for better food and package sustainability, limitation offood waste,development of organic products, e-commerce partnerships, and two billion euros in annual investments from 2018 as well as organisational and cost reduction measures.[11][12]

In the exceptional context of theCOVID-19 pandemic,Carrefour is the first retailer to joinC'est qui le Patron?initiative to share its additional incomes related to COVID-19 to support people who are suffering from the current situation. According to co-founder Nicolas Chabanne, 100,000 euros have been paid out, then 50,000 euros each week until 11 May.[13]

Carrefour's Board of Directors has decided to reduce by 50% the dividend proposed for 2019. The dividend is now €0.69 per share (versus €0.46 per share).[14]

Until the end of the year, Alexandre Bompard and all the members of Carrefour Group's board of directors have decided to waive 25% of their director's fees. These savings will be used to finance solidarity actions for the company's employees, both in France and abroad.[15][when?]

Alexandre Bompard has decided to waive 25% of his fixed salary for a period of two months. To express his gratitude to his personnel in the field, he has decided to offer an exceptional bonus of €1,000 net to 85,000 employees in France.[15][16]

Logos Evolution[edit]

  • 1960-1963
    1960-1963
  • 1963-1966
    1963-1966

Financial data[edit]

Financial data in € billions[17][18]
Year 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Net revenue 74.888 74.706 76.945 76.645 78.897 72.355 72.397 70.719 72.958
Net income 1.263 1.249 0.980 0.746 −0.531 −0.561 1.126 0.641 1.072
Assets 43.564 45.789 45.095 48.845 47.813 47.378 50.802 47.588 47.668
Employees 363,989 381,227 380,920 384,151 378,923 363,862[a] 321,383 322,164 319,565

Domestic operations[edit]

The Carrefour supermarket at Faa'a,Tahiti,French Polynesia

The headquarters of the Groupe Carrefour is inMassy,in theParis metropolitan area.In 2019, the former Carrefour head office ofBoulogne-Billancourtand the Carrefour France division office ofCourcouronnes,Essonne, nearÉvry,were combined at that major location. A secondary head office is located inMondeville,nearCaen(Normandy), which was until 1999 the former Promodès headquarters.

Carrefour City, Paris

In France, Carrefour operates under its name over 230 hypermarkets (from 2500 up to 23000 sq m sales area), 1020 Carrefour Market supermarkets (generally from 1000 up to 4000 sq m), and over 2000 smaller supermarkets and convenience stores under the Carrefour City, Carrefour Contact and Carrefour Express banners.

Carrefour also owns the Promocash Cash&Carry chain (130 locations) and supplies 1500 independent small food stores under the Proxi banner. It has recently acquired the organic food chains SoBio and Bio C'Bon to boost its presence in this promising segment.

In 2019, the group launched its first Supeco soft discount stores, which are so far all located in the French Northern region Hauts-de-France. The concept is still being assessed.

International operations[edit]

CurrentCarrefouroperationsPast operations

Africa[edit]

Kenya[edit]

Carrefour has 13 outlets in Kenya, largely located in the suburbs ofNairobi.The retailer's expansion into Kenya has benefited from the failure of previously dominant supermarket chains such asNakumattandUchumias Carrefour rushed in to occupy the retail spaces and market share they vacated.[19]

The retailer is the anchor client ofThe Hub Karen Mallwhere it opened its first Kenyan store in May 2016.[20]A second outlet was opened atTwo Rivers Mallin March 2017,[21]soon followed by a third store the Thika Road Mall in November 2017.[22]The fourth outlet was opened at the Junction Mall alongNgong Roadin January 2018;[23]the fifth atSarit Centerin April 2018.[24]In June 2020, Carrefour opened a new store along Uhuru Highway.[25]

In September 2020, Carrefour announced plans to continue its expansion efforts by opening three branches in the coastal city ofMombasa.In May 2021 it opened another branch of Carrefour Market inGarden City Mallalong the Thika superhighwaty. It also has a branch atWestgate Mallpreviously occupied by ShopRite.[26]

Uganda[edit]

Carrefour operates multiple stores in the Ugandan capital city ofKampalaandEntebbe.The anchor clients are located at Oasis Mall and Metroplex and are in spaces previously occupied by the Kenyan retail chainNakumatt.[27]

In September 2021 Carrefour signed an agreement withShopriteof South Africa for the former to take over six stores that the latter would vacate in Uganda. This has increased Carrefour's presence in the country significantly.[28][29]

As of 2023, there are six outlets located in Kampala: Acacia Mall (Kissimenti), Arena Mall (Nsambya), Lugogo Mall (Nakawa), Metroplex (Naalya), Oasis Mall (Nakaseroand Village Mall (Bugolobi). One outlet is located in Victoria Mall inEntebbe.

West and Central Africa

In 2013, Carrefour and the CFAO Group signed a contract for the opening of stores in West and Central Africa. With the first hypermarket opening on Playce Shopping Mall inAbidjanon 2015, Carrefour also has another hypermarket onYaoundé.[30]

East and South Asia[edit]

Pakistan[edit]

In 2009, Carrefour opened its first hypermarket inLahorein a joint venture withMajid Al Futtaim Group,where it achieved 1 billionPakistani rupeesin revenues in its first year.[31]It attracted more than 1 million customers every month. On 14 November 2011, Hyperstar opened its second hypermarket in the country inKarachi.[31]On 22 March 2016, it expanded its operations toIslamabadby opening a 150,000-square-foot (14,000 m2) hypermarket inWorld Trade Center Islamabad.[32]

Since 20 December 2018, MAF has rebranded Hyperstar to Carrefour across Pakistan.[33]It has plans to expand its stores to other cities includingGujranwala,MultanandHyderabad.[34]As of June 2019, the group had already invested₨8 billion and was looking to invest another₨40 billion in Pakistan.[35]It is operating at least seven hypermarkets (three in Lahore, two in Karachi, one in Islamabad and one inFaisalabad's Lyallpur Galleria) and one superstore in Pakistan.[35][36]

Taiwan[edit]

In 2020, Carrefour Taiwan announced they would acquire 199 Wellcome and 25 Jasons Market Place stores fromDairy Farm International.[37][38][39][40]

In 2022, Carrefour announced that it sold 60% equity of Carrefour Taiwan to Uni-President Enterprises Corporation.[41]

Mongolia[edit]

On 17 February 2023, Carrefour opened its first two stores in the nations capitalUlaanbataar,with the partnership of Altan Joloo.[42]As of May 26, 2023. It has four stores.

Europe (outside France)[edit]

In 1999, Carrefour entered the Greek market in collaboration with Marinopoulos S.A.[43]Carrefour stopped operating in Greece in 2017 due to its acquisition by the Sklavenitis group. The company reopened in the country in May 2022, and the reactivation of the Carrefour brand in the market will be done in collaboration with Retail & more S.A., a subsidiary of the Teleunicom group.[44][45]

In 2001, Carrefour entered the Romanian market, expanded into 43 stores. It is one of the top retailers inRomania.[46]

The company operates in Spain under the name of Centros Comerciales Carrefour SA. As of 2019, Carrefour Spain is the 15th most important Spanish company by revenue.[47]

Eight years after bankruptcy (2016), Carrefour returned to Bulgaria. As of June 2024, there are stores open in Varna, Sofia and Burgas.In december 2023 Carrefour has announced the "return of stores and products" of its brand in Bulgaria through the Greek franchisee Retail & More, which will provide "sub-franchising of the Carrefour brand" for at least around 20 stores.

West Asia[edit]

Majid Al Futtaimhas handled the Carrefour operations in the Middle East and North Africa region since 1995, as the company opened the region's firsthypermarketatCity Centre Deira– it initially was a Continent-branded store before it converted to Carrefour four years later. As of 2020, Majid Al Futtaim operates over 320 Carrefour stores in 16 countries, serving more than 750,000 customers daily and employing over 37,000 workers.[48]

Iran[edit]

In February 2009, MAF opened its first store in Iran, called HyperStar.[49]

Iraq[edit]

Majid al Futtaim opened the first Carrefour inErbilin 2011. There is also a Family Mall Carrefour Department store inSulaymaniyah.Along with several other international brands, as of June 2023,Carrefour has opened another branch in the capital Baghdad.

Israel[edit]

In March 2022, Carrefour signed a franchising agreement withElectra Consumer Productsto discontinue theYeinot Bitanand Mega Ba'ir chains of stores and rebrand them as Carrefour branches.[50][51][52]

In July 2023, Carrefour stated that it would not be opening branches in the West Bank.[53]

Lebanon[edit]

On 4 April 2013, Majid al Futtaim inaugurated a Carrefour hypermarket at their City Centre Beirut mall, in theHazmiehsuburb ofBeirut.In September 2017, a second Carrefour outlet opened at the CityMall Dora, replacing a venue formerly held by aMonop'hypermarket.[54]In June 2018, a third outlet opened at the Tower Center mall inZouk Mosbeh.[55]In February 2019, a fourth Carrefour, and the first supermarket format venue, opened within theAley District.The fourth Carrefour is considered a major step for the company's expansion in Lebanon.[56]

United Arab Emirates[edit]

On 1 March 2022, Carrefour opened inCity Centre Me'aiseminDubaiits first Bio store.[57]

South America[edit]

Around 605 stores are in operation in Argentina as of 2021.[58][1]

Carrefour Brasil, the largest market outside France,[59]was founded in 1975 and today is the major supermarket chain in Brazil in competition withGrupo Pão de Açúcar.Currently it sells more than 25 million products per year.[60]

Carrefour Dominican Republic, opened its first store in Santo Domingo in 2000[61]and it has expanded to other smaller stores in the city called Carrefour Market and Carrefour City with a total of five (5) stores in 2023. Because of its popular products and accessible prices, Carrefour has remained as a preferred supermarket option in the capital of the Dominican Republic.

Former international operations[edit]

Former Carrefour store atChiba,Japan
Former Carrefour store inPhiladelphia,United States
Former Carrefour store in Cuernavaca.
Former Carrefour store inCuernavaca,Morelos,México.
Former Carrefour store in Bulgaria withinThe Mallshopping center inSofia,Bulgariaopened in early 2010
  • Austria – In 1976 Carrefour opened a store in theShopping City Südat the southern edge of Vienna. Due to limited success, the store closed soon after. Carrefour has not made any other attempt at entering the Austrian market after that.
  • Chile – Carrefour opened six supermarkets inSantiago de Chilebetween 1998 and 2003. However, Carrefour never surpassed a 3% market share in the country and their assets in Chile were sold toD&Sin 2003.[62]
  • China – Carrefour entered China in 1995. In 2007, Carrefour opened 22 stores in China – where the company broke its record for store openings in a one-year period. It was the leading foreign retailer in terms of sales figures, until 2008 and has since lost its No. 1 position in China toWalmart.In 2019, Carrefour sold 80% equity of Carrefour China to local retail comglomorate Suning.com at €620 million, marking the company's exit from China.[63]
  • Colombia – In October 2012, Carrefour sold all 72 stores in Colombia to Chilean retailerCencosudfor $2.6 billion, with Cencosud converting all existing Carrefour hypermarkets to itsJumboand Metro brands. Carrefour pulled out of Colombia to focus on its core markets.[64]
  • Cyprus – In 2017, all of the Carrefour stores were sold to a Greek supermarket brandSklavenitisand underwent a major rebranding, to reflect the brand that now owns the stores.
  • Czech Republic – In September 2005, Carrefour sold eleven stores in the Czech Republic toTesco,the largest UK retailer.Tescopaid €57.4 million as well as its stores in Taiwan. Carrefour opened its first store in 1998 in the Czech Republic. The stores use the Tesco name and brand now.
  • Germany – The only store in Germany was opened in 1977 inMainz-Bretzenheimas a joint venture withDelhaize le Lionand German retailer Stüssgen (later part ofREWE Group). Due to problems with a new building permit process and the associated difficulties in opening new locations, the store was sold in 1979 to the German retailer Massa.[65]
  • Hong Kong – On 18 September 2000,[66][67]Carrefour closed its stores in Hong Kong after complaints from manufacturers about selling products (especially electronics) at prices far below those of its competitors.[68]A company spokesman said at that time that the closures were due to "difficulties in finding sites suitable for developing its hypermarket concept and quickly acquiring a significant market share". Carrefour entered the Hong Kong market in December 1996 with a store inHeng Fa Chuenand later added stores inTsuen Wan(Skyline Plaza),Tuen Mun,Yuen LongandTsim Sha Tsui.Plans to open additional stores inMa On Shan,Tseung Kwan OandYau Tsim Monghad been cancelled.[67]
  • India – Carrefour operatedcash and carrystores in India under the name Carrefour Wholesale Cash & Carry. The first store opened on 30 December 2010 inShahdara,Delhi.[69]This was followed by a store inJaipurin late 2011 and one inMeerutin October 2012,Agrain December 2013. Prior to September 2012, India'sforeign direct investment(FDI) policy did not allow foreign companies to open multi-brand retail stores in the country. However, 100% FDI in cash-and-carry has been permitted since 1997. As a result, most global retailers, including Carrefour, opted for the cash-and-carry route in India. A new FDI policy, allowing up to 51% FDI in multi-brand retail, came into effect on 20 September 2012.[70][71]On 8 July 2014, Carrefour announced that it would shut down its Indian operations and close its five wholesale stores by the end of September.[72]
  • Indonesia – The first Carrefour branch in Indonesia opened on 14 October 1998 inCempaka Putihregion of Jakarta, following the end of1997 Asian financial crisisand the subsequentfall of Suharto.In 2012, after operating independently, Carrefour Indonesia was bought byCT Corpand its shares are owned byChairul Tanjung.[73][74]CT Corp developed Transmart in 2014, a subsidiary of CT Corp operated by PT Trans Retail Indonesia (formerly PT Carrefour Indonesia, PT Contimas Utama Indonesia, PT Cartisa Properti Indonesia and PT Carti Satria Megaswalayan) and named after CT Corp's television networksTrans TV.[75]It also developed Groserindo, a grocery store also largely operated by Carrefour.[76]Carrefour officially left the nation in 2020, and CT Corp rebranded all remaining branches as Transmart.[77]
  • Japan – In 1999 Carrefour's Japanese subsidiary, Carrefour Japan Co. Ltd., opened.[78]The first Carrefour in Japan opened in a suburb of Tokyo in December 2000. In January and February 2001 new Carrefour stores opened in Tokyo and Osaka. Sales were initially strong, but, as Miki Tanikawa ofThe New York Timeswrote, "...10 months later, there is barely a line for most of the day at cash registers of most Carrefour stores here. Lengthy aisles of goods ranging from clothes to bicycles are mostly empty."[79]In early 2003, Carrefour sold its 8 hypermarkets toAEON Groupand on 10 March 2005, the subsidiary's name changed to AEON Marché Co., Ltd.[78]The stores were still operated in the Carrefour name until 31 March 2010, when the license expired.[80]
  • Kazakhstan – In the summer of 2017, the one and only Carrefour hypermarket closed down inAlmatyas a result of the loss of value of theTengecurrency.
  • Malaysia – Carrefour entered Malaysia in 1994 and sold its 26 hypermarkets toAEON Groupin November 2012.[81]The hypermarkets was rebranded as AEON BIG, and operates with an orange logo, compared to the magenta logo used by its parent company and existing JUSCO stores in the country. The outlets in Kota Damansara and Jalan Ipoh were the first to be changed from Carrefour to AEON BIG;[82]
  • Mexico – In March 2005, Carrefour sold its 29 hypermarkets in Mexico toChedraui.Carrefour opened its first store in 1994 in Mexico;
  • North Macedonia – In October 2012, Carrefour opened its first store inSkopje.The store was part of the brand City Mall that opened the same day in Skopje. By the end of summer 2014, there were plans to open the second store inTetovo.Carrefour shut down operations in North Macedonia because of debt.[83]
  • Portugal – Carrefour entered Portugal by buying its first stores in 1991 – twoEuromarchéhypermarkets in Telheiras (a neighbourhood ofLisbon) andVila Nova de Gaia.In July 2007 Carrefour sold all of its 12 hypermarkets and 9 fuel stations toSonaefor €662 million. Also included were 11 licenses for opening new commercial spaces. Currently, only 365 hard-discount supermarkets such asMinipreçoare supported by Carrefour in Portugal, not included in the takeover.
  • Russia – Carrefour entered the Russian market in the summer of 2009. In October 2009, only a month after it opened its second hypermarket in the country, Carrefour announced it was exiting Russia.
  • Singapore – In 2012, Carrefour's stores were primarily replaced by Giant Hyper (Suntec City) andCold Storage.
  • Slovakia – In 2018, Carrefour pulled out of the Slovak market, after 17 years of operation in the country.[84]
  • South Korea – Carrefour entered the Korean market in 1996 with their first store inBucheonand operated 32 stores across the country at its peak in its final year, 2006. Carrefour was confident they would dominate the market, and by 1999 invested a total of $925 million USD into the Korean venture – more than any other foreign company in the Korean market at that time. Carrefour Korea enjoyed mediating success initially, gaining traction for unseen low prices and standing above its competitors. But the rise quickly ended when theAsian Financial Crisisstruck South Korea in late 1997. Carrefour's reputation suffered a blow when they were exposed smuggling real estate in South Korea to international recipients. Alongside the reluctance of people spending in the midst of the financial crisis, boycotts ensued, beginning Carrefour's eventual demise. Complaints of Carrefour Korea's poor service quality grew, citing pushing products unfit for the Korean market and significantly soured relationships between the executives and the labour unions. With the company's attitude becoming reckless to its clients and suppliers, clients would boycott again while suppliers began refusing association with Carrefour Korea. With the company stained with controversial negativity, Carrefour Korea sold all their stores toE-Landand exited the Korean market in April 2006. Shortly after, E-Land sold their supermarket asset toHomeplus,recognized as Carrefour Korea's spiritual successor.[85]
  • Switzerland – In August 2007 Carrefour sold its 12 hypermarkets in Switzerland to Swiss retailerCoopfor $390 million;[86]
  • Syria – Carrefour previously opened a store inShahba MallinAleppoin 2009[87]and operated until the mall was destroyed during theSyrian Civil Waron 16 October 2014 when the mall was destroyed and permanently closed.[88]
  • Thailand – Carrefour's business in Thailand was sold toBig CSupercenter Public Company Limited, the owner of Big C hypermarket stores in Thailand, due to complaints. The transaction was completed in March 2011, with the Suwinthawong branch being the first store converted from Carrefour to Big C.[89]Carrefour entered the Thai market in 1996.
  • United Kingdom – Carrefour opened the first of several hypermarkets in the UK in September 1972 inCaerphilly,South Wales,in a joint partnership with a UK company Wheatsheaf and Distribution & Trading Ltd, followed by stores at theTelford Centre,Chandler's Ford,Minworth,PatchwayandSwindon.[90]TheDee Corporationlater acquired the stores in the early 1980s; they continued to trade under the Carrefour name, while some other existing smaller sites were rebranded as Carrefour. In the 1980s, new stores were opened at theMetroCentrein Tyne and Wear, and theMerry Hill Shopping Centrein the West Midlands, before being rebranded under the now-defunctGatewaychain in 1988. In 1990, the stores were sold toAsda.The initial Caerphilly store was redeveloped in the 1990s; however, the original 1970s hypermarkets at Chandler's Ford, Minworth and Patchway (Cribbs Causeway) still exist as large Asda Supercentres.[91]Since July 2011, online supermarketOcadohas sold a range of Carrefour products in the UK.[92]
  • United States – Carrefour opened its first hypermarket in the United States inPhiladelphia,Pennsylvania, in March 1988, across from the Franklin Mills shopping mall (nowPhiladelphia Mills). Despite the large selection, the store was generally derided for its poor conditions, and most of the time, many of the 61 checkout lanes in the store were deserted. In 1992, another location opened inVoorhees Township, New Jersey.Both stores closed because of financial debt in 1993. The Voorhees store was broken up into many smaller stores, while the Philadelphia location became aWalmartand aDick's Sporting Goods.
  • Uzbekistan - Carrefour previously opened hypermarkets in Uzbekistan on 2021, which were franchised by Majid Al-Futtaim, however all stores in Uzbekistan closed in 2023.
  • Vietnam – Carrefour had two stores atHo Chi Minh Cityuntil 2004. The stores were later converted intoLotte Martbranches.

Carrefour Foundation[edit]

The Carrefour Foundation (Fondation d'Enterprise Carrefour) is a philanthropic fund created by Carrefour in 2000 to support social welfare programmes 'linked to [its] core business as a retailer' in countries the company operates and in countries where its suppliers are located.[93]

Criticism and controversies[edit]

On 1 May 2007, more than 30 employees of the now-closed Carrefour Ratu Plaza,Jakarta,Indonesia,were taken to thePertamina Central Hospitalafter being affected bycarbon monoxide.The hypermarket was located in the mall's basement, which offered insufficient ventilation.[94]

On 26 June 2007, the company was convicted in a French court for false advertising. The suit alleged that Carrefour regularly stocked insufficient quantities of advertised products for sale. In addition, the company was convicted of selling products below cost and accepting kickbacks from wholesalers. Carrefour was ordered to pay a fine of €2 million and to prominently and legibly display a notice in all of its French stores disclosing the false advertising.[95]

In Carrefour Mangga Dua Square in Jakarta, Indonesia, a 5-metre high metal rack fell on top of a 3-year-old boy, killing him almost instantly due to internal bleeding.[when?][96]Afterwards, the victim's family claimed that Carrefour has refused to meet with them to settle the case.[97]However, a Carrefour Corporate Affairs Officer denied this allegation.[98]

Carrefour has also received criticism for engaging insweatshoppractices.[99]

On 7 May 2009, the French government asked a tribunal to fine Carrefour some €220,000 for more than 2,500 violations. Meat products lacked proper tracking information (more than 25% of inventory at some locations), and some products had incorrect labels – such as meat products that "shrank" in weight by 15% after receiving labels. The chain sold products that had long since passed their expiration dates, including, in one case, packs of baby formula that had expired six months earlier. Some 1,625 frozen and refrigerated products were found that had been stored in warehouses at ambient temperatures.[100]

On 17 September 2018 images revealed that the municipal slaughterhouse in Boischaut, France, responsible for supplying meat to Carrefour, was killing animals in an extremely cruel way: cutting them up while they were still alive. The mistreatment scandal reverberated around the world and led to the closure of the slaughterhouse.[101]

On 10 January 2019 the French branch made the news after selling zebra meat, Carrefour said it stopped selling the meat.[102]

Boycott of supplies in China[edit]

A Carrefour outlet in Beijing, China, promotes the use of canvas bags as opposed toplastic bagsprior to the2008 Summer Olympics.

In April 2008, after the2008 Olympic torch relaywas disrupted byTibetan independence movementadvocates in London and especially in Paris, where some protesters attempted to wrest control of the torch from the torch bearers, Chinese activists promoted boycotting Carrefour because of unsubstantiated rumours that the company gave funds to Tibetan independence groups and theDalai Lama.[103][104]In its response, Carrefour China stated that it did support theBeijing Olympics;and that it would never do anything to harm the feelings of theChinese people.[105]Protests and calls for the boycott later subsided, partly because of efforts by French officials to apologize for the Paris torch attack.[104]

Building collapse at Savar[edit]

Main article:2013 Savar building collapse

On 24 April 2013, the eight-storyRana Plazacommercial building collapsed inSavar,asub-districtnearDhaka,the capital ofBangladesh.At least 1,127 people died and over 2,438 were injured.[106]The factory housed a number of separate garment factories employing around 5,000 people, several shops, and a bank[107]and manufactured apparel for brands including theBenetton Group,Joe Fresh,[108]The Children's Place,Primark,Monsoon,andDressbarn.[109][110]Of the 29 brands identified as having sourced products from the Rana Plaza factories, only 9 attended meetings held in November 2013 to agree a proposal on compensation to the victims. Several companies refused to sign, includingWalmart,Carrefour,Bonmarché,Mango,AuchanandKiK.The agreement was signed by Primark, Loblaw, Bonmarche and El Corte Ingles.[111]

Slavery in Thailand[edit]

In 2014,The Guardianreported that Carrefour is a client ofCharoen Pokphand Foods.During a six-month investigation,The Guardiantraced the entire supply chain from slave ships in Asian waters to leading producers and retailers.[112]

Incidents of violence in Brazil[edit]

In Brazil, from 2007 onwards, the chain suffered at least fourlawsuits[113][114][115][116][117][118][119][120]against violence, racism and homophobia, in addition to an execution against a man who stole 4 pieces of chicken meat,[121]for public humiliation against employees and violence against children.[122]

In one of the cases, a black man who owned an EcoSport was mistaken for a thief, taken by third-party security into the network and physically and psychologically tortured for more than 15 minutes, in addition to hearing insults referring to his black color. The network removed the security and discredited the third-party security company.[113][123]

Another case of beatings followed by death occurred at the Supermercado Dia e Noite store, a subsidiary of the Carrefour group in São Carlos. The theft of two cheese breads, some drumsticks and hair cream, committed by bricklayer Ademir Peraro, aged 43 at the time, led to his beating by the store supervisor and a security guard. After the end of torture, the victim was locked in the bathroom until the store closed, when he was thrown into the street. Rescued by family members, he was taken to the hospital; before dying, the mason was able to report the torture he was subjected to.[124]The most costly lawsuit for Carrefour so far was in the amount of R$50,000, followed by another for R$44,640.[125][115]

In December 2010, a Freezer electrocuted and killed a girl in an Atacadão supermarket, the Freezer was investigated.[126]

On 31 January 2011 the Santo André branch made the news after a stray dog was beaten by employees and customers of the Atacadão supermarket.[127]

In November 2014, the Atacadão supermarket was sentenced to pay R$ 300,000 for moral damages, According to the Public Ministry of Labor of Alagoas (MPT) this Wednesday (19), the Atacado Comércio e Indústria LTDA supermarket, located in the upper zone of Maceió, it is not authorized to perform intimate searches on its employees, a practice that the company frequently engages in.[128]

On 2 July 2015 theVila Velhabranch became news after a cat was beaten by Atacadão employees, the case was reported to the authorities, and Carrefour issued a note repudiating the case.[129]

In February 2017, an employee of the chain in Goiânia shot three customers, one of them died, and two others were injured, the employee was arrested, and Carrefour issued a note repudiating the case.[130]

On 20 October 2018 a black and disabled customer was attacked by chain employees in Osasco, after opening a can of beer inside the store and saying he would pay for it. The company became aware of the case, employees were fired.[131]

On 28 November 2018, a mixed-breed dog named Manchinha was poisoned and later beaten to death with an aluminum bar by one of the security guards at a Carrefour store in the city ofOsasco,São Paulo.[132][133]The episode, known as theManchinha caseor Caso Manchinha, sparked a series of protests led by activists in front of the Osasco store in December 2018,[134]and also inspired the creation of billPL1.095/2019, which was later approved by theexecutiveand turned into a federal law in September 2020, imposing harsher penalties to crimes related to animal abuse.[135]

On 5 January 2019 the Rio de Janeiro branch made the news after 15 cats were killed by poisoning by supermarket employees. The company became aware of the case, and carried out a census to determine the animals that resided in its units so that it could rescue them and direct them to shelters.[136]

On 11 February 2019 an elderly person was expelled from the network in Anápolis after being mistaken for a homeless person, Carrefour issued a note repudiating the case.[137]

On 16 May 2019 Carrefour was banned by the Court from controlling employee visits to the bathroom.[138]

In 2020, two death-related incidents were reported in Brazil. The first one happened in August when a sales representative died of a heart attack. To allow the store to continue operating, other workers hid his body in a barricade made out of umbrellas and cardboard boxes.[139]

On 19 November 2020, one day before the Brazilian holidayBlack Awareness Day,a 40-year-old black man named João Alberto Silveira Freitaswas killed by security guardsafter an altercation with a cashier. After an alleged "violent gesture" to one of the cashiers, two security guards were called, proceeded to drag the man out of the store and beat him to death in the parking lot. Both security guards were arrested and charged with qualified homicide.[140]

On 3 August 2021 a stray dog was shot with an indigenous weapon from the Atacadão establishment by an Atacadão Employee in Mato Grosso do Sul, Later, the Employee was indicted for the crime of mistreatment of animals.[141]

On 4 May 2021 a water channel was stained with oil by a carrefour employee in Santos., The company was fined BRL 12,555,000 for what happened.[142][143]

In October 2021, a video that one of the customers recorded on social networks showed one of the Carrefour employees being humiliated by the manager in Mato Grosso do Sul. She was later removed from office.[144]

On 8 April 2023, Vinicius, husband of volleyball player Fabiana, was prevented from being seen due to his color.[145]

On 10 April 2023, teacher Isabel Oliveira, 43, took off her clothes inside a supermarket in Curitiba (PR) in protest against racism. She was reportedly followed by security.[146]

On 8 May 2023 a couple accused of theft in Salvador was attacked by network security guards. The company became aware of the case, terminated the contract with the security company and reported the attacks to the Civil Police of Itapuã.[147]

On 9 May 2023 residents of Cabula expressed their dissatisfaction with works by the Carrefour Group that caused damage to houses and condominiums in Salvador.[148]

Deforestation in Amazonia[edit]

According toMighty Earth,Carrefour is not respecting its commitments to fightdeforestationin theAmazon rainforest.[149]In a report at the occasion of the 2022 World Amazon Day, Mighty Earth published a statement criticising the retail group for sourcing from "meat and soy traders with devastating practices."[150]The organisation points to the group's activities in Brazil where, with its 1,000 sales outlets, Carrefour controls 25% of the food distribution market. The NGO found that two-thirds of the 102 meat products inspected in Carrefour stores in Brazil are supplied byJBS,which is "regularly targeted for deforestation cases", according to Mighty Earth. Following the report publication, Carrefour suspended beef supplies from two JBS slaughterhouses in the Amazon.

Stabbing in Italy[edit]

On 27 October 2022 a man grabbed a knife from a supermarket shelf inMilan,stabbing five people, killing one and wounding four others, including Spanish soccer playerPablo Mari,Italian authorities said.

Police arrested a 46-year-old Italian man suspected in the attack at a shopping centre inAssago(a town nearMilan).[151]

Mobile[edit]

Carrefour Mobile

Carrefour Mobileis aMobile Virtual Network Operator(MVNO) owned by Carrefour.[152]

Carrefour MobileSIM
Carrefour Mova Mobile SIM

Carrefour offers itsmobile telephonyservicesin:

  • Belgium(asCarrefour Mobile);
  • France(asCarrefour Mobile);
  • Spain(asCarrefour Móvil);
  • Italy(as1Mobile,also known asUNO MobileorCarrefour UNO Mobile);
  • Greece(asCarrefour Mobile);
  • Poland(asCarrefour Mova Mobile);
  • Brazil(asCarrefour Mobile).

Carrefour first launched itsmobile servicein Belgium, inpartnershipwith Effortel and using Effortel Technologies asMobile Virtual Network Enabler(MVNE), on the existingBASEnetwork infrastructure.

In France, this offer was launched by exploiting the infrastructure of theOrangenetworkand using the companyExperianas MVNE. This operator first offeredprepaidoffers, and since September 2007 has offered packages. Carrefour Mobile's offer is in competition with that offered byA-Mobile,of theAuchangroup.

Since then, Carrefour has launched a service in several other countries, in particular, Carrefour was the first MVNO in Italy, launching the service in June 2007, in partnership with Effortel.

On 24 September 2012 the MVNO offer stopped in France but the brand maintained a specific offer provided by Orange.

Notes[edit]

  1. ^Excluding Carrefour China, the number of Group employees would have been around 327,000.

See also[edit]

References[edit]

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  141. ^"Funcionário de supermercado é indiciado por atacar cachorro com arma indígena em MT; veja vídeo".G1(in Brazilian Portuguese). 3 August 2021.Retrieved13 May2023.
  142. ^"Mancha de óleo diesel em canal preocupa moradores e mobiliza autoridades em Santos".G1(in Brazilian Portuguese). 4 May 2021.Retrieved13 May2023.
  143. ^"Hipermercado é multado em mais de R$ 12 milhões por vazamento de óleo diesel em canal de Santos".G1(in Brazilian Portuguese). 10 May 2021.Retrieved13 May2023.
  144. ^"Vídeo mostra vendedor do Carrefour sendo humilhado por gerente enquanto limpa chão de joelhos em MS".G1(in Brazilian Portuguese). 25 October 2021.Retrieved13 May2023.
  145. ^"Marido de Fabiana, da seleção de vôlei, acusa Carrefour de racismo".www.uol.com.br(in Brazilian Portuguese).Retrieved15 May2023.
  146. ^"Professora registra boletim de ocorrência depois de tirar a roupa em protesto contra racismo em supermercado de Curitiba".G1(in Brazilian Portuguese). 10 April 2023.Retrieved15 May2023.
  147. ^Rosa, Guilherme (11 May 2023)."Casal agredido em loja do grupo Carrefour diz ter tentado furtar leite para alimentar a filha".Banda B(in Brazilian Portuguese).Retrieved13 May2023.
  148. ^Rastelly, Letícia (24 April 2023)."Prefeitura notifica Carrefour a ressarcir moradores do Cabula após deslizamento de terra".Bnews(in Brazilian Portuguese).Retrieved13 May2023.
  149. ^"Déforestation en Amazonie: Carrefour interpellé sur ses fournisseurs".LEFIGARO(in French). 5 September 2022.Retrieved9 October2022.
  150. ^"Carrefour accusé de participer à la déforestation en Amazonie".www.20minutes.fr(in French). 17 February 2022.Retrieved9 October2022.
  151. ^"Italy stabbing: One dead and Arsenal player Pablo Marí among several injured".BBC News.
  152. ^"FAQ".Carrefour Mobile.Retrieved24 June2018.

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