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Castle Dome Landing, Arizona

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Coordinates:32°57′54″N114°27′49″W/ 32.96500°N 114.46361°W/32.96500; -114.46361
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Castle Dome Landing, Arizona
Ghost town
Castle Dome Landing, 1877
Castle Dome Landing, 1877
Castle Dome Landing, Arizona is located in Arizona
Castle Dome Landing, Arizona
Castle Dome Landing, Arizona
Location in the state ofArizona
Castle Dome Landing, Arizona is located in the United States
Castle Dome Landing, Arizona
Castle Dome Landing, Arizona
Castle Dome Landing, Arizona (the United States)
Coordinates:32°57′54″N114°27′49″W/ 32.96500°N 114.46361°W/32.96500; -114.46361
CountryUnited States
StateArizona
CountyYuma
Founded1869
Abandoned1978
Named forCastle Dome Mountains
Elevation
[1]
203 ft (62 m)
Population
(2009)
• Total0
Time zoneUTC-7(MST(noDST))
- OpenedDecember 17, 1875
- ClosedDecember 4, 1876
- OpenedAugust 6, 1878
- ClosedJune 16, 1884
GNISfeature ID24347

Castle Dome Landing, Arizona(alsoCastle Dome City) is aghost townin theCastle Dome MountainsofYuma Countyin theU.S. stateofArizona.It was first settled as a transport depot andminingcamp around 1863 in what was then theArizona Territory.[2][3][4]

History[edit]

When the first Americans reached the Castle Dome Mountains in the early 1860s, there were already signs of previous mining activity. It was generally held thatNative Americanshad engaged in mining in the Castle Dome Mountains some years before and backpacked the ore 18 miles (29 km) south to a processing site on the banks of theGila River,where remnants of adobe furnaces were found.[2]

As mineral deposits began to be discovered up and down theColorado Riverin the early 1860s, numerous mining camps and steamboat ports grew into towns along the river. Heading north from Yuma, prospectors staked gold and silver claims along the river and in the surrounding mountains. The Castle Dome Mining Company, established in 1863 and owned by Conner andJacob Snively,purchased many of these claims and planned out the site of Castle Dome Landing on the banks of the Colorado River to act as a shipping point for ore on its way to California for smelting. The Snivelys planned only to mine silver in the area, but in that same year, well-known geologist and mining engineer William P. Blake realized that the region's copper-lead ores held extensive value, and lined up investors to develop mining operations in the area.[3][4][5]

Castle Dome Mining Camp[edit]

Though prospecting and planning commenced years earlier, modern mining in the area didn't begin in earnest until 1869 due to hostilities with Native Americans.[5][6]When the mines finally did begin operations, the mining camp that sprung up was known asPitotiafter a weed thought to be found only in that area.[1]As the area grew, the town was renamedCastle Dome,and a post office was established in that name on December 17, 1875. Less than a year later, however, the post office was discontinued on December 4, 1876.[2]

Castle Dome Landing[edit]

While the mining camp itself went into decline, the nearby riverside landing established some years earlier forsteamboats of the Colorado Riverbegan to thrive. The landing, setup for transport of ore and as a supply point for the mines some 17 miles (27 km) east of the river, provided a new town site for the region, and was soon established asCastle Dome Landing.The post office re-opened under this new name on August 6, 1878, and the small port became an active supply and shipping depot for the mines in the Castle Dome Mountain mining district. For the next six years, Castle Dome Landing served as the first stop for steamboats traveling up the Colorado River fromYuma,and the town thrived, both as a supply and shipping point and as a popular destination for travelers from Yuma who came up the Colorado River for various celebrations held at the numerous river towns. For Castle Dome Landing,Mexican Independence Dayon September 16 was the main draw.[2][3][4][6]

By some accounts, the population of the town peaked at over 3,000 people,[7]and rivaled Yuma in size as of 1880, almost becoming Yuma County's namesake.[3]Other sources put the full-time residents at only 50.[2]At its peak, it housed a post office, a hotel, asaloon,ageneral store,andsmeltingfacilities.[2][3]

Decline[edit]

As with many miningboomtowns,mining activity diminished,[1]and the Castle Dome Landing post office closed down on June 16, 1884.[2]The mines reopened in 1890,[5]and the area became a significant source of lead for bothWorld War IandWorld War II.[7]In particular, when the Arizona Lead Company reopened the mines in 1943, they were able to produce significant amounts of lead in order to meet wartime demands.[3]

After World War II, the demand for lead decreased, and the town again went into decline,[7]though mining activity continued for some years in the area.[2]The school was shut down in 1950, and the mines went into and out of use as the price of silver, still found in the area, rose and fell. By 1978, the mines were all shut down, and the last of the residents were gone.[7][8]

Remnants[edit]

The remains of Castle Dome Landing, once on the banks of the Colorado River, are now submerged beneath theImperial Damreservoir inMartinez Lake.[2][3]The property that was previously Castle Dome town and mining camp was purchased in 1994 by Allen and Stephanie Armstrong, and turned into the Castle Dome Museum.[9]The museum site houses over 50 restored and recreated buildings — seven original to the town, and the rest are period representations built mostly from locally scavenged materials. Each building, among them a saloon, a hotel, a mill, and a blacksmith, is staged to look like it might have looked in the town's heyday, some 100 years ago.[7][8]

Mining[edit]

Map of Yuma County, Arizona, Castle Dome Landing highlighted, 1883.
Castle Dome Mountains viewed from town of Castle Dome, Arizona, October 11, 1926.

Though silver was the original target for prospectors in the area, much of the early excitement over supposed silver deposits turned out to be veins ofgalenainstead. As it turned out, the area was far more rich withleadore than silver.[2]

TheCastle Dome mining districtis one of Yuma County's oldest and most productive mining locations. Its proximity to the Colorado River and relatively low rates of freight at the time permitted the mining of even low grades of ore which wouldn't have been profitable at other locations.[5][6]In addition to silver and lead, the area is rich in numerous other minerals, includingzinc,copper,gold,and many others. Total production from the Castle Dome mines included 10,697 short tons (9,704 t) of lead, 498,000 troy ounces (546,000 oz; 15,500,000 g) of silver, 38 short tons (34 t) of zinc, 36 short tons (33 t) of copper, 2,000 troy ounces (2,200 oz; 62,000 g) of gold, and 7,000 troy ounces (7,700 oz; 220,000 g) ofplacer goldproduction, mostly prior to 1900.[5]

The Castle Dome mining district is a popular district for mineral collectors. The region is known for striking combinations ofcerussite,fluorite,vanadinite,wulfenite,barite,andmimetite,as well asgaleniteandanglesite.The Hull Mine and Puzzler Mine in particular have produced atypical green vanadinite and mimetite as well as yellow-hued wulfenite.[10][11][12][13]

Geography[edit]

Castle Dome Landing, now submerged, is located at32°57′54″N114°27′49″W/ 32.96500°N 114.46361°W/32.96500; -114.46361(32.9650409, -114.4635592)[1]about 30 miles (48 km) north of Yuma.[2][4]

The original Castle Dome town and mining camp, now the site of the Castle Dome Museum,[9]is located at33°02′28″N114°10′50″W/ 33.04111°N 114.18056°W/33.04111; -114.18056,[3]in close proximity to the Castle Dome Mine, located at33°02′25″N114°10′30″W/ 33.04028°N 114.17500°W/33.04028; -114.17500.[14]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^abcdU.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Castle Dome Landing
  2. ^abcdefghijkSherman, James E.; Barbara H. Sherman (1969)."Castle Dome Landing".Ghost Towns of Arizona(First ed.). University of Oklahoma Press. p. 19.ISBN0-8061-0843-6.RetrievedSeptember 4,2009.
  3. ^abcdefghMassey, Peter; Wilson, Jeanne (2006)."Along the Trail".Backcountry Adventures Arizona: The Ultimate Guide to the Arizona Backcountry for Anyone With a Sport Utility Vehicle.Adler Publishing Co. pp. 27–28.ISBN1-930193-28-9.RetrievedSeptember 8,2009.
  4. ^abcdMoehring, Eugene P. (2004).Urbanism and empire in the Far West, 1840–1890.University of Nevada Press. pp. 285–286.ISBN0-87417-565-8.RetrievedSeptember 8,2009.[permanent dead link]
  5. ^abcde"Castle Dome District, Castle Dome Mts, Yuma Co., Arizona, USA".MineDat.org.RetrievedSeptember 4,2009.
  6. ^abcHamilton, Patrick (1883)."Mining Resources".The resources of Arizona: Its mineral, farming, and grazing lands, towns, and mining camps, its rivers, mountains, plains, and mesas, with a brief summary... information concerning the territory(2nd ed.). Arizona: A.L. Bancroft & Co., printers. p. 72.RetrievedSeptember 8,2009.
  7. ^abcdeLowe, Sam (June 1, 2007)."Forgotten mining era revived".azcentral.com.RetrievedSeptember 4,2009.
  8. ^abLowe, Sam (2007)."Southwest Arizona".Arizona Curiosities: Quirky Characters, Roadside Oddities & Other Offbeat Stuff(2nd ed.). Globe Pequot. p. 226.ISBN978-0-7627-4114-4.[permanent dead link]
  9. ^abCastle Dome Museum
  10. ^Domitrovic, Anna M.; Wilson, Wendell E.; Hay, Mark (September–October 1998)."Famous Mineral Localities: The Castle Dome District, Yuma County, Arizona".The Mineralogical Record.29(5): 437–458.RetrievedSeptember 9,2009.
  11. ^Dana, James Dwight (1888). "Catalogue of American Localities of Minerals".Manual of Mineralogy and Petrography; Containing the Elements of the Science of Minerals and Rocks.John Wiley & Sons. p.394.RetrievedSeptember 9,2009.Castle Dome barite cerussite fluorite vanadinite wulfenite mimetite.
  12. ^"Puzzler Mine (Puzzler claim), Adams Mine group (Adams claims), Kofa Game Range, Castle Dome District, Castle Dome Mts, Yuma Co., Arizona, USA".MineDat.org.RetrievedSeptember 4,2009.
  13. ^"Hull Mine group (Rialto Mine group; Hull group of claims; Rialto claims), Buckeye vein group, Castle Dome Mine group, Kofa Game Range, Castle Dome District, Castle Dome Mts, Yuma Co., Arizona, USA".MineDat.org.RetrievedSeptember 4,2009.
  14. ^U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Castle Dome Mine

External links[edit]

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