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Central Reserve Forces

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For internal security and combat force in India, seeCentral Reserve Police Force.
Central Reserve Forces
قوات الاحتياطي المركزي
{{{logocaption}}}
Common nameAbu Tira
AbbreviationCRP
Agency overview
Formed1974;50 years ago(1974)
Employees+8,000
Jurisdictional structure
National agencySD
Federal agencySD
Operations jurisdictionSD
Governing bodyMinistry of Interior (Sudan)
General nature
Operational structure
HeadquartersKalakla,Khartoum
Agency executive
Notables
Person

TheCentral Reserve Forces(CRP) (Arabic:قوات الاحتياطي المركزي), also known asAbu Tira(Arabic:أبو طيرة) due to the eagle on its logo,[2]is a militarisedpolice unit in Sudanknown for committing atrocities during theWar in Darfur[3]and theSudanese revolution.[4]The CRP is sanctioned by the US for "serious human rights abuses".[5]

History

[edit]

The idea of having a central reserve forces came in 1970 when the Khartoum Directorate established a civil defence force consisting of one faction, trained in theFederal Republic of Germany,to be reserve forces for the police forces inKhartoum Stateand other states, especially in riots and demonstrations, in order for the regular police to devote themselves to performing their role in preventing or detecting crimes. Then the Sudanese Central Reserve Forces were established in 1974[6]pursuant to Republican Decree No. 475 issued by the PresidentGaafar Nimeiry.[7]They are police forces within 6 basic units of theSudanese Police,whose command is directly under theMinistry of Interior.[7]The CRP was then led Colonel Ismat Manni.[8]

Since 1992,[9]the CRF officially falls under the Ministry of Interior and operates under the mandate of the1992 Police Force Law.However, in practice, the CRP has operated as an auxiliary force to theNational Intelligence and Security Services(NISS) under former presidentOmar al-Bashir,and this arrangement survived NISS's transition to the General Intelligence Service (GIS) in 2019, following al-Bashir's ouster from office.[5]The CRP is the largest police department[10]and has it headquarters is inKalakla,Khartoum.[7][11]

The CRP has been involved theWar in Darfur,[12][13][14]and has responded to peaceful protests with rape, killing and torture.[15]For instance, on 17 January 2022, the CRP and the anti-riot police were deployed to suppressdemonstrations across Khartoum,where it used live ammunition.[5][16]On 21 March 2022, the CRP was sanctioned by the US.[15][17]

During thewar in Sudanthat started on 15 April 2023 between theRapid Support Forces(RSF) andSudanese Armed Forces(SAF), the CRP announced it would be deploying officers to the streets of Khartoum to "secure public and private property",[18]as one of several paramilitary groups intervening on the side of the SAF.[19][20]On 25 June, the RSF seized the headquarters of the CRF in Khartoum.[21][22][23]During theBattle of Wad Madani,the RSF seized the CRP camp near Hantoub bridge.[24][25]On 31 October, troops of theSudan Revolutionary Front(SRF) attacked the CRP camp in Mershing,South Darfur,killing three and injuring four in the attack.[26]

References

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  1. ^"قائد قوات الاحتياطى المركزي يؤكّد جاهزية قواته في جميع القطاعات".suna-news.net(in Arabic).Retrieved2024-03-10.
  2. ^مسكين, خواجة."Central Reserve Police fight off attack on their headquarters".sudanwarmonitor.com.Retrieved2024-03-09.
  3. ^"'Abu Tira' ravage part of Zamzam camp in North Darfur - Sudan | ReliefWeb ".reliefweb.int.2014-10-22.Retrieved2024-03-09.
  4. ^"In Close Proximity: Alleged Abduction, Detention and Extra-Judicial Killings by Abu Tira".hhi.harvard.edu.Retrieved2024-03-09.
  5. ^abc"Treasury Sanctions Sudanese Central Reserve Police for Serious Human Rights Abuse".U.S. Department of the Treasury.2024-03-05.Retrieved2024-03-09.
  6. ^عثمان, مزدلفة."الاحتياطي المركزي في الميدان.. لماذا انتشرت قواته جنوب الخرطوم؟".الجزيرة نت(in Arabic).Retrieved2024-03-09.
  7. ^abc"أنشئت لحفظ الأمن ومساعدة الجيش في مواجهة الاضطرابات.. قوات الاحتياطي المركزي السودانية".www.aljazeera.net(in Arabic).Retrieved2023-10-12.
  8. ^Admin 1 (2023-05-03)."ماهية قوات الاحتياطي المركزي التي دخلت المعركة السودانية".بوابة الجمهورية الثانية(in Arabic).Retrieved2024-03-09.{{cite web}}:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  9. ^Vezzadini, Elena; Seri-Hersch, Iris; Revilla, Lucie; Jalil, Mahassin Abdul; Poussier, Anael (2023)."Chapter 9: Police Models in Sudan: General Features and Historical Development"(PDF).Ordinary Sudan, 1504-2019: From Social History to Politics from Below.De Gruyter Oldenbourg. p. 265.ISBN978-3-11-071950-5.
  10. ^Ibrahim, Ammar (2020-12-01)."Police professional doctrine in Sudan: Establishment and development".International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice.63:100414.doi:10.1016/j.ijlcj.2020.100414.ISSN1756-0616.S2CID225402624.
  11. ^"إنتهاكات الحرب في السودان.. الدعم السريع يداهم منازل المواطنين بالكلاكلة".صحيفة التغيير السودانية, اخبار السودان(in Arabic). 2023-07-27.Retrieved2023-10-12.
  12. ^Dabanga (2013-04-15)."ICC's Kushayb backed by military intelligence in South Darfur –source".Dabanga Radio TV Online.Retrieved2024-03-09.
  13. ^Dabanga (2011-08-09)."Central reserve forces abuse power in Saraf Omra".Dabanga Radio TV Online.Retrieved2024-03-09.
  14. ^Dabanga (2011-11-06)."Abu Tira accused of forcing labour".Dabanga Radio TV Online.Retrieved2024-03-09.
  15. ^ab"The United States Sanctions Security Forces in Sudan for Serious Human Rights Abuses".United States Department of State.Retrieved2024-03-09.
  16. ^Dabanga (2021-07-08)."Armed forces shoot civilians in Port Sudan and Omdurman".Dabanga Radio TV Online.Retrieved2024-03-09.
  17. ^Adil, Mersiha Gadzo,Hafsa."Sudan conflict updates: Battles continuing despite ceasefire".Al Jazeera.Retrieved2024-03-09.{{cite web}}:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  18. ^SudanTribune (2023-04-30)."Sudanese police deploy Central Reserve unites in Khartoum".Sudan Tribune.Retrieved2024-03-09.
  19. ^Willis, Justin (2023-05-03)."Sudan's entire history has been dominated by soldiers and the violence and corruption they bring".The Conversation.Retrieved2024-03-09.
  20. ^Hatuqa, Arwa Ibrahim,Dalia."Army and RSF agree to extend ceasefire again for 72 hours".Al Jazeera.Retrieved2024-03-09.{{cite web}}:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  21. ^"Battle For Key Police Base Kills At Least 14 Sudan Civilians".Barron's.26 June 2023.Archivedfrom the original on 27 June 2023.Retrieved27 June2023.
  22. ^Camille (2023-06-27)."RSF take control of Central Reserve Police HQ in Khartoum, 'hundreds of soldiers killed'".Dabanga Radio TV Online.Retrieved2024-03-09.
  23. ^SudanTribune (2023-06-26)."RSF seize police headquarters after two-day clashes".Sudan Tribune.Retrieved2024-03-09.
  24. ^"Hundreds of thousands flee Sudan safe-haven - UN".BBC News.2023-12-19.Retrieved2024-03-09.
  25. ^SudanTribune (2023-12-16)."Intense fighting rages outside Wad Madani, causing mass displacement".Sudan Tribune.Retrieved2024-03-09.
  26. ^"Rebels claim attack on 'Abu Tira' HQ in South Darfur | Radio Dabanga".Dabangasudan.org.2013-10-28.Archivedfrom the original on 2017-10-12.Retrieved2017-07-21.
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