Cernavodă culture
| Geographical range | Bulgaria,Romania,Serbia |
|---|---|
| Period | Chalcolithic |
| Dates | c. 4000 BC– 3200 BC |
| Preceded by | Sredny Stog culture,Suvorovo culture,Karanovo culture,Gumelnița culture,Varna culture |
| Followed by | Coțofeni culture,Baden culture,Usatove culture,Yamnaya culture,Ezero culture |
TheCernavodă culture,ca.4000–3200,is a lateCopper Agearchaeological culturedistributed along the lower EasternBug RiverandDanubeand along the coast of theBlack Seaand somewhat inland, generally in present-dayBulgariaandRomania.It is named after the Romanian town ofCernavodă(Bulgarian černa vodá (чёрна водá in cyrillic) means 'black water').
It is a successor to and occupies much the same area as the earlierKaranovo cultureandGumelnița culture,for which adestruction horizonseems to be evident. It is part of the "Balkan-Danubian complex"that stretches up the entire length of the river and into northern Germany via theElbeand theBaden culture;its northeastern portion is thought to be ancestral to theUsatove culture.
It is characterized bydefensive hilltop settlements.The pottery shares traits with that found further east, in theSredny Stog cultureon the south-westEurasian steppe;[citation needed]burials similarly bear a resemblance to those further east.
It has been theorized that Cernavoda culture, together with the Sredny Stog (russian Средний Стог - middle (hay)stack) culture, was the source ofAnatolian languagesand introduced them to Anatolia through the Balkans after Anatolian split from the Proto-Indo-European language, which some linguists and archaeologists place in the area of the Sredny Stog culture.[1][2][3]
Gallery[edit]
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Metal, bone and ceramic artefacts
See also[edit]
- Bronze Age in Romania
- Coțofeni culture
- Basarabi culture
- Ottomány culture
- Pecica culture
- Wietenberg culture
- Hamangia culture
- Prehistory of Transylvania
- Prehistoric Romania
Notes[edit]
- ^Kroonen, Guus; Jakob, Anthony; Palmér, Axel I.; Sluis, Paulus van; Wigman, Andrew (12 October 2022)."Indo-European cereal terminology suggests a Northwest Pontic homeland for the core Indo-European languages".PLOS ONE.17(10): e0275744.Bibcode:2022PLoSO..1775744K.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0275744.ISSN1932-6203.PMC9555676.PMID36223379.
- ^Краткая история освоения индоевропейцами Европы(in Russian)
- ^Anthony, David.The Horse, the Wheel, and Language.OCLC1102387902.
References[edit]
- Anthony, David W.(2007).The Horse, the Wheel, and Language: How Bronze-Age Riders from the Eurasian Steppes Shaped the Modern World.Princeton University Press.ISBN978-0691058870.
- J. P. Mallory,"Cernavoda Culture",Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture,Fitzroy Dearborn, 1997.
External links[edit]
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