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Vasily Chapayev

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"Chapayev" and "Chapaev" redirect here. For other uses, seeChapayev (disambiguation).

In this name that followsEastern Slavic naming customs,thepatronymicisIvanovichand thefamily nameisChapayev.
Vasily Chapayev
Born(1887-02-09)9 February 1887
Budayka,Kazan Governorate,Russian Empire(now part ofCheboksary,Chuvashia,Russia)
Died5 September 1919(1919-09-05)(aged 32)
Ural Oblast,Russian SFSR(now part ofWest Kazakhstan Region,Kazakhstan)
Known forRed Army commander during theRussian Civil War
Parent(s)Ivan Stepanovich Chapaev, Yekaterina Semyonovna Chapaeva
AwardsCross of St. George(3)
Сhapayev's birthplace (today the house-museum "Chapayevs'Log House")

Vasily Ivanovich ChapayevorChapaev(Russian:Василий Иванович Чапаев;9 February [O.S.28 January] 1887 – 5 September 1919) was a Russian soldier andRed Armycommander during theRussian Civil War.

Biography

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Chapayev was born into a poor peasant family in a village called Budayka, now part ofCheboksary.DuringWorld War I,he fought as anon-commissioned officerand was awarded theCross of St. Georgethree times. In September 1917, he joined theRussian Social Democratic Labour Party(Bolsheviks). In December he was elected commander of the 138 Infantry Regiment by a vote of the regiment's soldiers. He later commanded the 2nd Nikolaev Division and the25th Rifle Division.

On 5 September 1919, the divisional headquarters near Lbishchensk (renamedChapayevin his honour) were ambushed byWhite Armyforces. The circumstances of his death are uncertain and his body was never recovered. Several versions have been in circulation.[1]In 1926, the newspapersPravda,Izvestiaand Krasnaya Zvezda reported on the arrest of the former Cossack officer Trofimov-Mirsky, who allegedly shot Chapaev after capturing him during a raid on Lbishensk. Chapaev's daughter Claudia and his great-granddaughter Evgenia wrote about the betrayal of the commander and the organization of his death byLeon Trotsky,as well as about the participation in the conspiracy of Pelageya Kameshkertseva. None of the "non-canonical" versions received documentary evidence.[2]The canonical version that wounded Chapaev drowned when trying to cross theUral Riverwas particularly popularized by the 1934Chapayev(which was approved by Stalin himself and quickly gained thecult statusnot only in the Soviet Union, but among Russian emigrants as well[3]).

Private life

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In 1908 Chapayev became acquainted with Pelageya Metelina, who was 18. Although his father didn't approve of their relations, Vasily Ivanovich married her. They lived together for 6 years, and had three children, one of whom was Klavdia Chapayeva. Though there was no official divorce, in 1917 Chapayev started living with the widow of his deceased fellow-soldier Petr Kishkertsev. Curiously enough, her name was also Pelageya. Chapayev adopted both of her children. Currently[when?]the only relative that remains is his great-great-granddaughter Vasilisa Chapayeva, with her parents Yevgenia Chapayeva and Viktor Pecherin.

Legacy

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The Chapaev museum inCheboksary,Russia

Memorial museums of Chapaev were opened in Cheboksary near the place of his birth; in the city ofPugachev(former Nikolaevsk), with a branch in the city of Balakovo, where he spent his childhood and youth. Museums have also been opened in the buildings where the headquarters of the 25th Infantry Division was located during the Civil War: in the village of Krasny Yar in the Ufimsky district of the Republic of Bashkortostan, in the town of Belebey of the Republic of Bashkortostan, in the city of Uralsk and in the village of Lbischenskaya (now the town ofChapaev) at the site of the last battle division chief. In the Soviet years, museums dedicated to Chapaev and the combat path of the 25th division existed in many schools.

Dozens of settlements in the Samara (Chapayevsk), Saratov, Orenburg regions and other regions of Russia are named after Chapaev,Lbishenskin modern Kazakhstan was also renamed in his honor during the Soviet era, Chapaev streets exist in hundreds of settlements on the territory of the former USSR, theChapaevka Riverwas named after him. In 1937, the Kiev cinema "Lira" on Bolshaya Zhitomirskaya Street, 40 was renamed the "Chapaev cinema".[4]

Monument to Chapaev and the drama theatre in Samara, Russia

Monuments to Chapaev were erected in the cities ofSamara (1932),in St. Petersburg (1933), in Pugachev (1957),[5]in Cheboksary (1960) (earlier since the 1930s it was located on the territory ofVDNKhin Moscow), in the village of Chapaev - a stele at the site of the alleged death and a monument on the central square (1979), in Uralsk (1982),[6]as well as in dozens of other cities and towns of the former Soviet Union. In 1973, for the museum in Uralsk, Efim Deshalyt painted the diorama "The Last Battle of Chapaev", in 1976 for the museum in Chapaev - the diorama "Fight of the Chapaevs in the village of Lbischenskaya" by artists Veniamin Sibirsky and Evgeny Danilevsky.[7]

In Russian culture

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Chapayev on a 1948Sovietpostage stamp
The monument to Chapaev in Samara on a 1986 Soviet stamp commemorating the city's 400th anniversary

After theSoviet Unionhad been established, Chapayev was immortalized bySoviet propagandaas a hero of theRussian Civil War.In 1923, a Russian writer,Dmitriy Furmanov,who served as acommissarin Chapayev's division wrote a popular novel entitledChapaev.Later, in 1934, it was made intoa filmChapayevby theVasilyev brothers.The movie became highly popular in the Soviet Union. The German actor and singerErnst Buschalso recorded the songTschapajews Tod,which talks about his death in the Ural.

More recently, he became one of the central characters in the novelChapayev and Voidby modern Russian writerViktor Pelevin.

In November 1998,Red Comrades Save the Galaxy,a point-and-click graphic adventure game was developed by S.K.I.F. and published by Buka Entertainment (now1C Company). The game's protagonist Vasily Ivanovich Chapaev, is inspired by Chapayev.

Chapayev, along with his aide Petka,commissar Furmanov,and Anka the Mashine-gunner, becamea recurring characterin popularRussian jokes.

See also

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Bibliography

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  • Дайнес, В. О. (2010).Чапаев.Великие исторические персоны (5000 экзed.). М.: Вече.ISBN978-5-9533-4952-9.

References

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  1. ^Борис Рожнов,Утонул ли Василий Чапаев в реке Урал?,Nezavisimaya Gazeta,May 23, 2023
  2. ^Дайнес 2010,pp. 436−439.
  3. ^Павел Аптекарь,Чапаев,in series "Жизнь замечательных людей", 2017,ISBN978-5-235-03983-4
  4. ^"Кинотеатр ЛИРА (Киев) | афиша, расписание фильмов, описание, адрес кинотеатра ЛИРА - Kino-teatr.ua".kino-teatr.ua.Archivedfrom the original on 25 May 2018.Retrieved22 February2023.
  5. ^"Памятники города Пугачёв"(in Russian). Город Пугачёв.Archivedfrom the original on 4 March 2016.Retrieved17 January2014.
  6. ^"Гулял по Уралу Чапаев-герой"(in Russian). Турбина.ру.Archivedfrom the original on 1 February 2014.Retrieved17 January2014.
  7. ^Дайнес 2010,p. 449.
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