Danxia landform

Hiking trail at Tianyou Peak

Red Cliff

TheDanxia landform(Chinese:Đan hà địa mạo;pinyin:dānxiá dìmào) refers to various landscapes found in southeast, southwest and northwest China that "consist of a redbedcharacterized by steep cliffs ".It is a unique type ofpetrographicgeomorphologyfound inChina.Danxialandformis formed from red-colouredsandstonesandconglomeratesof largelyCretaceousage. The landforms look very much likekarsttopography that forms in areas underlain bylimestones,but since the rocks that form danxia are sandstones and conglomerates, they have been called "pseudo-karst" landforms. They were formed by endogenous forces (includinguplift) and exogenous forces (includingweatheringanderosion).

The first studies on what are now referred to as Danxia landforms were conducted atMount DanxianearShaoguan,China. In the 1920s and 1930s Chinese geologists made an effort to learn more about these interesting geomorphic structures.Danxia landforms are made up of uplifted continental crust that has been faulted and eroded, exposing large scarps of layered rock, red in color.

Danxia landforms cover several provinces in southeast China.Taining County,Fujian Province, has very good examples of "young" danxia landforms wherein deep, narrow valleys have been formed. As the landform gets older, valleys widen and one gets isolated towers and ridges. The danxia landform is named after Mount Danxia, one of the most famous examples of the danxia landform. A very peculiar feature of danxia landscape is the development of numerouscavesof various sizes and shapes. The caves tend to be shallow and isolated, unlike true karst terrain where caves tend to form deep, interconnecting networks. In 2010, several danxia landscapes in southern China, with a general name of "China Danxia",were inscribed as aWorld Heritage Site.The six inscribed danxia landform areas are:Mount LangshanandMount Wanfo(Hunan Province),Mount Danxia(Guangdong Province),TainingandMount Guanzhi(Fujian Province),Mount LonghuandGuifeng(Jiangxi Province),Fangyan,Mount Jianglang(Zhejiang Province), andMount Chishui(Guizhou Province). The total core area of 6 regions above is 73,945 hectares (182,720 acres), and the total buffer area is 65,446 hectares (161,720 acres).Other notable danxia areas, such asZhangye Danxia National Geological Park,are not included in the World Heritage Site.

Geology

Around 80 million years ago (Ma) cretaceous red sandstone and conglomerate was laid down by sedimentation from the lakes and streams.After another 15 million years, tectonic plate movements created many faults.About 23 Ma, movement of the Himalayan range disturbed the land around the Danxia landform in the Guangdong Province of China uplifting and completely changing the topography of the area.Over millions of years the steep cliffs that can be seen today, exposed by faults, were formed through weathering and erosion. This geology can be seen at Danxiashan Geopark in China, where there is about 290 square kilometers of streams, forest and towering Danxian rock formations.

Origin of name

In 1928, the Mineral scientistFeng JinglanNoticed the widespread distribution of the red oxidation layer.Feng Jinglanrealized that this is a brand new landform and haven't been named.He decided to name it as DanXia, which come from the word in the ancient Chinese poem ofCaoPi"Hibiscus Pool Poetry".The name" Dan Xia "refers to" đan ( vermilion ) hà ( sunglow ) "in Chinese.

Studies

In an effort to learn more about danxia topography, a study on the geomorphology of an area in China was conducted. Mount Danxia was the focus of the research, taking Digital Elevation Matrix (DEM) based data from many watersheds and basins in the area.Understanding the hydrology of the area can tell a lot about the nearby formations. For example, "localized erosion has enhanced deepening of existing fractures rather than lateral erosion to form deep and narrow valleys, while long-term erosion provided large and gentle watersheds."This study usedArcGIS.These scientists took maps of the area and overlaid certain features they wanted to measure, such as stream length and size.

China Danxia

Danxia landform

UNESCO World Heritage Site
Official name	China Danxia
Location	China
Criteria	Natural: (vii), (viii)
Reference	1335
Inscription	2010 (34thSession)
Area	82,151 ha (203,000 acres)
Buffer zone	218,357 ha (539,570 acres)
Website	www.dxdm.com/En/index.aspx
Coordinates	28°25′19″N106°2′33″E
Location of Danxia landform in Earth

China Danxia,orDanxia landform of China,is a subset of the Danxia landforms which, in August 2010, entered theWorld Heritage List.

Serial ID Number	Name & Location	Coordinates	Area	Photo
1335-001	Chishui- West Section	28°22′11″N105°47′39″E	Property: 10142 Ha Buffer zone: Ha
1335-002	Chishui - East Section	28°25′19″N106°02′33″E	Property: 17222 Ha Buffer zone: Ha
1335-003	Taining- North Section	27°00′37″N117°13′07″E	Property: 5277 Ha Buffer zone: Ha
1335-004	Taining -South Section	26°51′56″N117°02′22″E	Property: 5810 Ha Buffer zone: Ha
1335-005	Langshan	26°20′24″N110°46′45″E	Property: 6600 Ha Buffer zone: 6200 Ha
1335-006	Danxiashan	24°57′55″N113°42′12″E	Property: 16800 Ha Buffer zone: 12400 Ha
1335-007	Longhushan:Longhushan Section	28°04′15″N116°59′05″E	Property: 16950 Ha Buffer zone: Ha
1335-008	Longhushan: Guifeng Section	28°19′03″N117°25′10″E	Property: 2740 Ha Buffer zone: Ha
1335-009	Jianglangshan	28°31′47″N118°33′55″E	Property: 610 Ha Buffer zone: 571 Ha

Gallery

• 
  view of rock from riverbank
• 
  view of rock from courtyard
• 
  view of gallery set in rock
• 
  view of staircase
• 
  view of landscape from rock

See also

• Zhangye Danxia National Geological Park

External links

• Media related toDanxia landformat Wikimedia Commons
• Danxia formations
• "Colourful rock formations in the Zhangye Danxia Landform Geological Park"(collection of photos)
• Official website of China Danxia