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Chinese Taipei

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This article is about the toponym used for diplomatic purposes. For the country to which it refers, seeTaiwan.For the national delegations of Taiwan in various sports competitions, see§ See also.For other uses, seeTaipei (disambiguation).

Chinese Taipei
Traditional ChineseTrung hoa đài bắc
Simplified ChineseTrung hoa đài bắc
PostalChunghwa Taipei
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinZhōnghuá Táiběi
Bopomofoㄓㄨㄥ ㄏㄨㄚˊㄊㄞˊㄅㄟˇ
Gwoyeu RomatzyhJonghua Tairbeei
Wade–GilesChung1-hua2T'ai2-pei3
Tongyong PinyinJhong-huá Táiběi
MPS2Jūnghuá Táiběi
IPA[ʈʂʊ́ŋ.xwǎ tʰǎɪ.pèɪ]
Hakka
RomanizationChûng-fà Thòi-pet
Yue: Cantonese
Yale RomanizationJūngwàh Tòihbāk
Jyutpingzung1 waa4 toi4 bak1
IPA[tsʊŋ˥ wa˩ tʰɔj˩ pɐk̚˥]
Southern Min
HokkienPOJTiong-hôa Tâi-pak
Tâi-lôTiong-huâ Tâi-pak
Eastern Min
FuzhouBUCDṳ̆ng-huà Dài-báe̤k
Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, and Matsu
Traditional ChineseĐàiBànhKimMãCá biệtQuan thuếLĩnh vực
Simplified ChineseĐài bành kim mã cá biệt quan thuế lĩnh vực
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinTái Péng Jīn Mǎ Gèbié Guānshuì Lǐngyù
Bopomofoㄊㄞˊㄆㄥˊㄐㄧㄣ ㄇㄚˇㄍㄜˋㄅㄧㄝˊㄍㄨㄢ ㄕㄨㄟˋㄌㄧㄥˇㄩˋ
Gwoyeu RomatzyhTair Perng Jin Maa Gehbye Guanshuey Liingyuh
Wade–GilesT'ai2P'eng2Chin1Ma3Ko4-pieh2Kuan1-shui4Ling3-yü4
Tongyong PinyinTái Péng Jin Mǎ Gè-bié Guan-shuèi Lǐng-yù
MPS2Tái Péng Jīn Mǎ Gèbié Guānshuèi Lǐngyù
IPA[tʰǎɪ pʰə̌ŋ tɕín mà kɤ̂.pjě kwán.ʂwêɪ lìŋ.ŷ]
Southern Min
HokkienPOJTâi-phêⁿ-Kim-bé Kò-piàt Koan-sòe Léng-hèk
Tâi-lôTâi-phêⁿ-Kim-bé Kò-piàt Kuan-sùe Líng-hìk
Politics of Taiwan
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Hsiao Bi-khim(DPP)

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Executive Yuan

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11th Legislative Yuan

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Johnny Chiang(KMT)
Judiciary
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Other branches
Examination Yuan

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Chou Hung-hsien

Control Yuan

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Mayors and Magistrates
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Represented in the Legislative Yuan

Kuomintang
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Others
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"Chinese Taipei"is the term used in various international organizations and tournaments for groups or delegations representing the Republic of China (ROC), a country commonly known asTaiwan.

Due to theOne-China principlestipulated by thePeople's Republic of China(PRC, China), Taiwan, being a non-UN memberafterits expulsion in 1971withongoing dispute of its sovereignty,was prohibited from using or displaying any of itsnational symbolsthat would represent the statehood of Taiwan, such as its national name,anthemandflag,at international events.[1]The term "Chinese Taipei" was first proposed in 1979 and was eventually approved in theNagoya Resolution,whereby the ROC/Taiwan and the PRC/China had their right of participation and would remain as separate teams in any activities of theInternational Olympic Committee(IOC) and its correlates. This term came into official use in 1981 following a name change of the Republic of China Olympic Committee (ROCOC) to theChinese Taipei Olympic Committee.This arrangement later became a model for the ROC/Taiwan to continue participating in various international organizations and diplomatic affairs other than theOlympic Games,including theWorld Trade Organization,theWorld Health Organization,theMetre Convention,APEC,and international pageants.

"Chinese Taipei" is adeliberately ambiguousterm, designed to be equivocal about thepolitical status of the ROC/Taiwan.The meaning of "Chinese" (Zhōnghuá,Chinese:Trung hoa) is also ambiguous, so that either party is able to interpret it asnational identityorcultural sphere(similar toethnonymsasAnglo,Arab,HispanicorIranian).[2][3]The specific mention of "Taipei",thecapital cityof the ROC, is to avoid disputes over the territorial extent of the ROC.[4]Since the IOC has ruled out the use of the name "Republic of China", the neologism was considered as an expedient resolution and a more inclusive term than just "Taiwan" to both theKuomintang,the ruling party of the ROC at the time during the Nagoya Resolution, and the PRC. The PRC's persistent policy is to keep Taipei isolated on the world stage and disagrees with any use of "Taiwan" as an official title, in order to prevent Taiwan from gaining international recognition for "independent statehood"separate from the PRC.[1][2][5][6]The term"Taiwan, China" or "Taipei, China"was rejected by the ROC government because it could be construed as Taiwan being a subordinate region to the PRC.[7][8]

Popular opinion in Taiwan has changed drastically in regard to thecross-strait relationsand thenationalistic discoursessince thedemocratizationof Taiwan and the end ofone-party ruleby the Kuomintang.[3][9][10]"Chinese Taipei" has since been viewed by many Taiwanese as an anachronistic, aggravating, and humiliating term.[2][6][9][11][12]TheTaiwan Name Rectification Campaignsought to alter the formal name from "Chinese Taipei" to "Taiwan" for representation in Olympic Games and further potential international events.A nationwide referendum was held in 2018,in which a proposal for the name change was rejected. The main argument against such a move was the uncertain consequences of such a renaming; at worst, the renaming dispute could be used by China as an excuse to request for Taiwan to be excluded from participating in the Olympic Games completely and force its existing membership to be revoked.[13][12][10]This was the case when Taiwan was stripped of the right to host the 2019East Asian Youth Gamesamid its renaming issue with China during that year.[13][14][15]

Origins

[edit]
See also:Two Chinas,Political status of Taiwan,Chinese Civil War,andOne-China policy
Further information:Names of China § Republic of China

Two Chinas at the Olympics

[edit]

In the aftermath of theChinese Civil Warin 1949, thePeople's Republic of China(PRC) was established and thenationalistRepublic of China(ROC) governmentretreatedtoTaiwan,previously aQing territorythat was ceded toJapanese rulefrom 1895 untilits surrender at the end of World War IIin 1945.[16][17]As time went on, the increased official recognition of the PRC in international activities, such as when accordedrecognition in 1971by theUnited Nations,instead of that accorded previously to the ROC saw existing diplomatic relations transfer fromTaipeitoBeijing.[18]The ROC needed to come to a beneficial conclusion to how it would be referred when there was participation by the PRC in the same forum.[19]

The ROC team marched behind an "Under Protest" banner against the name "Formosa" at the1960 Summer Olympicsopening ceremony

TheInternational Olympic Committee(IOC) recognized both the PRC and the ROC Olympic Committees in 1954.[20]In 1958, the PRC withdrew its membership from the IOC and nine other international sports organizations in protest against the two-Chinas policy. After the withdrawal of the PRC, the IOC had been using a number of names in international Olympic activities to differentiate the ROC from the PRC. "Formosa" was used at the1960 Summer Olympics,and "Taiwan" was used in1964and1968.[21][22]In 1975, the PRC applied to rejoin the IOC as the sole sports organization representing the whole China.[20]The Taiwanese team, competing under the name of Republic of China at the previous Olympics, was refused the right to represent itself as the "Republic of China" or use "China" in its name by the government of the host country, Canada, at the1976 Summer Olympics.[23][24]The IOC then voted to change the name of the ROC team to "Taiwan", which was rejected by the ROC, and the ROC announced their withdrawal from the 1976 Summer Olympics a day before the opening ceremony.[25]

The top ROC leadership at the time assertedChinese nationalism,contending both parts of divided China are Chinese territories and Taiwan did not represent all the regions of the ROC.[26][4][27]What people refer to as Taiwan is one of several areas or islands (Penghu,KinmenandMatsuin addition toTaiwan) and Taiwan alone did not reflect the "territorial extent" of the ROC. Furthermore, although it is true that most products from thearea controlled by the ROCare labeled "made in Taiwan", the trade practices of the ROC are such that the regional area of production is used for labeling. Some wines from Kinmen are labeled "made in Kinmen", just as some perfume are labeled "made in Paris" and not "made in France". Therefore, the ROC government refused to accept the name of Taiwan during the period.

1979 IOC resolutions

[edit]

In April 1979, the IOC recognized the Olympic Committee of the PRC and maintained recognition of the Olympic Committee located in Taipei at the 81st IOC Session held in Montevideo.[28][29]The resolution left problems relating to the names, anthems and flags of both committees unsolved. The PRC showed a willingness to allow Taiwan to be included in the IOC but objected to the resolution, reaffirming sports organizations in Taiwan must not use any of the emblems of the Republic of China.[20]He Zhenliang,a representative of the PRC, stated in Montevideo:

According to the Olympic Charter, only one Chinese Olympic Committee should be recognized. In consideration of the athletes in Taiwan having an opportunity to compete in the Olympic Games, the sports constitution in Taiwan could function as a local organization of China and still remain in the Olympic Movement in the name of the Chinese Taipei Olympic Committee. However, its anthem, flag and constitutions should be changed correspondingly.[30]

After the 81st Session, the IOC Executive Board designated the Olympic Committee in Beijing as theChinese Olympic Committee,with the PRC's anthem, flag and emblem.[30][31]The Olympic Committee in Taipei was designated as theChinese Taipei Olympic Committee,with a different anthem, flag and emblem from those the ROC used and which must be approved by the executive board.Lord Killanin,thepresident of the IOC,submitted the resolution to IOC members for apostal votefollowing the conclusion of the IOC Executive Board meeting held in October 1979 inNagoya.[32][33]The resolution, known as theNagoya Resolution,was approved in November 1979 by the IOC members, and later other international sports federations adopted the resolution.

The Nagoya Resolution was welcomed by the PRC as the resolution followed the PRC'sOne Chinaprinciple,[20]whereas the ROC decided that the ROC Olympic Committee must strongly protest against the decisions.[27]From November 1979, the ROC Olympic Committee and Taiwan's IOC member,Henry Hsu,filed a series of lawsuits inLausanneagainst the IOC for annulment of the Nagoya Resolution. Taiwanese officials also boycotted the1980 WinterandSummerGames in protest of not being allowed to use the ROC's official name, flag and national anthem.[34][35]

1981 agreement

[edit]

In 1980, the IOC amended theOlympic Charterso that allNational Olympic Committees(NOCs) when participating in the Games could use delegation flags and anthems, instead of national ones.[27][36]Juan Antonio Samaranch,the newpresident of the IOC,metHenry Hsuseveral times to discuss the ROC Olympic Committee's status in the IOC. In order for the youth to participate in the Olympic Games and counteract the PRC's strategy of isolating the ROC, the ROC government concluded that the ROC Olympic Committee should not withdraw from the IOC.

TheChinese Taipei Olympic flaghas been in use since 1981

In 1981, the ROC government formally accepted the name "Chinese Taipei".[37]A flag bearing the emblem of its Olympic Committee against a white background as theChinese Taipei Olympic flagwas confirmed in January.[38]Based on the Olympic Charter amended at the 82nd IOC Session, an agreement was signed on 23 March inLausanneby Juan Antonio Samaranch, the president of the IOC, and Shen Chia-ming, the president of the Chinese Taipei Olympic Committee (CTOC).[39][40]The 1981 agreement, also known as the Lausanne Agreement, specified the name, flag and emblem of the CTOC. The CTOC is therefore entitled to be treated on the equal footing as other NOCs. In 1983, theNational Flag Anthem of the Republic of Chinawas chosen as the anthem of the Chinese Taipei delegation,[38]and Chinese Taipei has been listed under the "T" group in IOC protocol order.[41][42]Taiwan has competed under this name and flag exclusively at eachGamessince the1984 Winter Olympics,as well as at theParalympicsand at other international events (with flags on which the Olympic rings are replaced by a symbol appropriate to the event).

Translation compromise

[edit]

Chinese

[edit]

Both theRepublic of China(ROC) and thePeople's Republic of China(PRC) agree to use the English name "Chinese Taipei". The English word "Chinese" is ambiguous, and may refer to either the state or the culture. The ROC translates "Chinese Taipei" asZhōnghuá Táiběi(simplified Chinese:Trung hoa đài bắc;traditional Chinese:Trung hoa đài bắc). The term "Zhonghua"is also used in the ROC's official name and state-owned enterprises. Meanwhile, the PRC translates the name asZhōngguó Táiběi(simplified Chinese:Trung quốc đài bắc;traditional Chinese:Trung quốc đài bắc) or literally "Taipei, China", in the same manner asZhōngguó Xiānggǎng(simplified Chinese:Trung quốc hương cảng;traditional Chinese:Trung quốc hương cảng) ( "Hong Kong,China "), explicitly connoting that Taipei is a part of the Chinesestate.[2]The disagreement was left unresolved, with both governments using their own translation domestically, until just before the1990 Asian Gameswhere Taiwan would officially participate under the Chinese Taipei name in a Chinese-language region for the first time, forcing the need for an agreement.[43][44]

In 1989, the two Olympic committees signed a pact inHong Kongwhere the PRC agreed to use the ROC's translation in international sports-related occasions hosted in China.[45][44]Domestically, the PRC continues to use its own "Taipei, China" translation.[46]During the2008 Summer Olympics,Chinese state media used the agreed-uponZhōnghuá Táiběiboth internationally and in domestic press.[47]However, during the2020 Summer Olympics,state media began usingZhōngguó Táiběidomestically 93% of the time.[48]During the2022 Winter Olympics opening ceremony,China's state media's broadcast cut away to a clip ofGeneral Secretary of the Chinese Communist PartyXi Jinpingwhen Taiwan's delegation paraded asZhōnghuá Táiběi.The broadcast in the stadium introduced the team asZhōnghuá Táiběi,while the television broadcast commentator ofChina Central Televisionannounced the delegation's name asZhōngguó Táiběi.[49][50]

TheWorld Health Organization,the international organization to both have Chinese as one of its official languages and have the ROC officially participate, usesZhōnghuá Táiběiin meeting minutes when the ROC is officially invited,[51]but usesZhōngguó Táiběiin all other contexts.[52]

Other languages

[edit]
Taiwanese team at the2010 Winter Olympics opening ceremonyunder the name of Chinese Taipei in both French and English

In French, multiple different names have been officially used. TheWorld Trade Organizationofficially translates the name as "Taipei Chinois", which has an ambiguous meaning.[53]The text of theIOC's Nagoya Resolution in 1979 used the name "Taipei de Chine" suggesting the state meaning of "Chinese".[54]Before signing the agreement between the IOC and the Chinese Taipei Olympic Committee in 1981, representatives of two committees decided that the French name need not be stated.[27]Only the English name would be used in the future IOC official documents. To this day, Chinese Taipei's page on the French-language IOC's website internally uses both "Taipei de Chine" and "Taipei chinois" (with a lowercase "c"; capitalization is not used by default for geographic origin adjectives in French) for some imagealt text,but the title of the page itself simply uses the English name "Chinese Taipei".[55]When the name is announced during the Parade of Nations, the French and English announcers both repeat the identical name "Chinese Taipei" in English.[56][57]

InEast Asian languagesthat would normally transcribe directly from Chinese, an English transliteration is used instead to sidestep the issue. Thus Japan usesChainīzu Taipei(チャイニーズ・タイペイ)[58]while South Korea usesChainiseu Taibei(차이니스 타이베이)[57]for their respective-language announcements during the Olympic Games or Asian Games. Meanwhile, Vietnam mostly follows ROC's translation and adapts theSino-Vietnamese transcriptionto call Chinese Taipei asĐài Bắc Trung Hoa[59](alternativelyĐài Bắc, Trung Hoa[60]with a comma orĐài Bắc (Trung Hoa)[61]with the brackets used;chữ Hán:Đài bắc trung hoa,lit. 'Taipei, Zhonghua') likely due to the cosmetic and grammatical inconvenience when using direct English transliteration or the original English designation inVietnamese context.

Use of the name

[edit]

International organizations and forums

[edit]
ROC participating as Chinese Taipei in2008 APEC Summit in Peru

Besides theInternational Olympic Committeeand sports organizations,Taiwanis a member economy ofAPECand its official name in the organization is "Chinese Taipei".[62]Taiwan's name in theWorld Trade Organization,"Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu", is frequently abbreviated as Chinese Taipei.[63]It also participated as an invited guest in theWorld Health Organization(WHO) under the name of Chinese Taipei. The WHO is the only agency of theUnited Nationsthat the ROC is able, provided it is invited each year, to participate in since 1971.[64]

The terminology has spilled into apolitical arenas. ThePRChas successfully pressured some international organizations andNGOsto refer to the ROC as Chinese Taipei.[65]TheInternational Society for Horticultural Sciencereplaced "Taiwan" with "Chinese Taipei" in designation used for the membership.[66]In a similar case, two Taiwanese medical groups were forced to change the word "Taiwan" in their membership names ofISRRTdue to a request by theWHO.[67]

In theMiss World 1998,the government of the PRC pressured theMiss World Organizationto rename Miss Republic of China 1998 to "Miss Chinese Taipei".[68]The same happened in2000,but with theMiss Universe Organization.Three years later at theMiss Universepageant inPanama,the first official Miss China and Miss Taiwan competed alongside each other for the first time in history, prompting the PRC government to again demand that Miss Taiwan assume the title "Miss Chinese Taipei".[69][70]Today, neitherMiss UniversenorMiss World,the two largest pageant contests in the world, allow Taiwan's entrants to compete under the Taiwan label. In 2005, the third-largest pageant contest,Miss Earth,initially allowed Taiwanese contestant to compete as "Miss Taiwan"; a week into the pageant, however, the contestant's sash was updated to "Taiwan ROC". In 2008, Miss Earth changed the country's label to Chinese Taipei.[71]

In Taiwan

[edit]

The name is controversial in modern Taiwan; many Taiwanese see it as a result of shameful but necessary compromise, and a symbol of oppression that mainland China forced upon them.[9]The title "Chinese Taipei" has been described as confusing, as it leads some people to believe that "Taipei" is a country or that it is located in or governed by mainland China. Taiwanese OlympianChi Chenghas described competing under the name as "aggravating, humiliating and depressing."[72]

Changing demographics and opinions in the country meant that more than 80% of citizens in 2016 saw themselves as Taiwanese, not Chinese,[73]whereas in 1991, this figure was only 13.6%.[74]This radical upswell inTaiwanese national identityhas seen a re-appraisal and removal of "sinocentric" labels and figures established by thegovernmentduring the period ofMartial Law.For sporting events, the ROC team is abbreviated in Taiwan as the Team Zhonghua (Chinese:Trung hoa đội). Starting around the time of the2004 Summer Olympics,there has been a movement in Taiwan to change media references to the team to "Taiwan".[75]During the2020 Summer Olympics,most TV channels referred to the ROC as Team Zhonghua while some channels preferred Team Taiwan (Chinese:Đài loan đội).[76][77]

2017 Summer Universiade

[edit]
Chinese Taipei delegation at the 2017 Summer Universiade

Use of the label came under vigorous renewed criticism during the run-up to the2017 Summer Universiade,hosted in Taiwan.[78]An English-language guide to the Universiade was lambasted for its "absurd" use of the label.[79]The guide was rendered nonsensically by completely avoiding the name "Taiwan" not only when referring to the label under which Taiwanese athletes compete, but even when referring to geographical features such as the island of Taiwan itself. These statements included "Introduction of our Island:... Chinese Taipei is long and narrow that lies north to south", and "Chinese Taipei is a special island and its Capital Taipei is a great place to experience Taipei's culture."

In response, the guide was withdrawn and shortly thereafter re-issued with the designation "Taiwan" reinstated.[80][81]Despite these corrections, hundreds of Taiwanese demonstrated in Taipei, demanding that Taiwan cease using "Chinese Taipei" at sporting events.[82][83][84]

2018 referendum

[edit]

In February 2018, an alliance of civic organizations submitted a proposal to Taiwan'sCentral Election Commission(CEC).[85]The proposed referendum asks if the nation should apply under the name of "Taiwan" for all international sports events, including the 2020 Tokyo Olympics.[86]The proposal influenced the East Asian Olympic Committee (EAOC) to revokeTaichung's right to host the firstEast Asian Youth Gamesdue to "political factors".[87]AnInternational Olympic Committee(IOC) representative reportedly said this was entirely the decision of the EAOC, and the IOC had no role in the ruling.[88]The IOC also disapproved the altered name and sent three different warnings to the Chinese Taipei Olympic Committee ahead of the referendum vote, concerning the renaming issue which may disbar Taiwan from Olympic competitions.[89][90]

Taiwanese people voted during the2018 referendumto reject the proposal to change their official Olympic-designated name from Chinese Taipei to Taiwan.[91]The main argument for opposing the name change was worrying that Taiwan may lose its Olympic membership under Chinese pressure, which would result in athletes unable to compete in the Olympics.[9]Another proposal for the2024 Summer Olympicswas submitted to the Taiwan's CEC in 2021.[92]The proposal was ultimately rejected by the CEC due to concerns that it might fall outside the scope of theReferendum Act of Taiwan,potentially rendering the Act inapplicable to the matter at hand.[93][94]

Other alternative references to Taiwan

[edit]

The terminology used to refer to the Republic of China has varied according to the geopolitical situation. Initially, the Republic of China was known simply as "China" until 1971, when thePeople's Republic of Chinareplacedthe Republic of China as the exclusive legitimate representative of "China" at theUnited Nations.[95][96][97]In order to distinguish the Republic of China from the People's Republic of China, there has been a growing current of support for the use of "Taiwan" in place of "China" to refer to the former.[98][99]

Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, and Matsu

[edit]

In the World Trade Organization, the official full name of Taiwan is "Separate Customs Territory ofTaiwan,Penghu,Kinmen,andMatsu",while its official short name is" Chinese Taipei ".[100](In the same way, the official full name of the PRC is "People's Republic of China", while its official short name is "China", as seen in both members' accession protocols.[101][102])

As with "Chinese Taipei", the ROC and PRC also disagree on the Chinese translation of this name. The ROC usesTái Pēng Jīn Mǎ Gèbié Guānshuì Lǐngyù(simplified Chinese:Đài bành kim mã cá biệt quan thuế lĩnh vực;traditional Chinese:Đài bành kim mã cá biệt quan thuế lĩnh vực,literal translation:TPKM Separate Customs Territory), while the PRC usesZhōngguó Táiběi Dāndú Guānshuì Qū(simplified Chinese:Trung quốc đài bắc đan độc quan thuế khu;traditional Chinese:Trung quốc đài bắc đan độc quan thuế khu,literal translation:Separate Customs Territory of Taipei, China).

Taiwan, Province of China

[edit]
See also:Taiwan, China

International organizations in which the PRC participates generally do not recognize Taiwan or allow its membership. Thus, for example, whenever theUnited Nationsmakes reference to Taiwan, which does not appear on its member countries list,[103]it uses the designation "Taiwan, Province of China", and organizations that follow UN standards usually do the same, such as theInternational Organization for Standardizationin its listing ofISO 3166-1country codes. Certain web-based postal address programs also label the country designation name for Taiwan as "Taiwan, Province of China".

Taiwan'sMinistry of Foreign Affairsobjected to the term together with other names including "Taiwan, China", "Taipei, China" and "Chinese Taiwan" in guidelines issued in 2018.[7][8]

Island of Taiwan/Formosa

[edit]

The termisland of TaiwanorFormosais used sometimes to avoid any misunderstanding about theTaiwan independence movementjust referring to the island.

China or Republic of China

[edit]
PresidentChen Shui-bian(far left) who attended thefuneral of Pope John Paul IIwas seated in the first row in French alphabetical order beside the then-first lady and president ofBrazil.

Some non-governmental organizations which the PRC does not participate in continue to use "China" or the "Republic of China". TheWorld Organization of the Scout Movementis one of the few international organizations that continue to use the name of "Republic of China", and the ROC affiliate as theScouts of China.This is becauseScouting in mainland Chinais very limited or not really active.[104]Likewise,Freemasonryis outlawed in the PRC and thus theGrand Lodge of Chinais based in Taiwan.

Governing authorities on Taiwan

[edit]

TheUnited Statesuses the term "governing authorities on Taiwan" in theTaiwan Relations Act,officially defining the term "Taiwan" to "include...theislands of Taiwanand thePescadores...and the governing authorities on Taiwan recognized by the United States as theRepublic of Chinaprior to January 1, 1979. "Geographically and following the similar content in the earlierdefense treatyfrom 1955, it excludesthe other islands or archipelagosunder the control of the Republic of China, such asKinmenand theMatsu Islands.[105]

Other non-specified areas

[edit]

The United Nations publishes population projections for each nation, with nations grouped under geographic area; in 2015, theEast Asiagroup contained an entry named "Other non-specified areas" referring to Taiwan. However, the 2017 publication updated the entry's name to the UN's preferred "Taiwan, Province of China".[106][107]

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
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  2. ^abcdHandley, Erin (26 July 2021)."Why will Taiwan compete as Chinese Taipei at the Olympics in Tokyo?".ABC News.Archived fromthe originalon 23 December 2021.Retrieved7 January2022.
  3. ^abZhong, Yang (1 February 2016)."Explaining National Identity Shift in Taiwan".Journal of Contemporary China.25(99): 336–352.doi:10.1080/10670564.2015.1104866.ISSN1067-0564.S2CID155916226.Archivedfrom the original on 11 April 2023.Retrieved8 January2022.
  4. ^abLin, Catherine K. (5 August 2008)."How 'Chinese Taipei' came about".Taipei Times.Archived fromthe originalon 17 June 2021.
  5. ^"Why is Taiwan not called Taiwan at the Olympics?".Agence France-Presse.27 July 2021. Archived fromthe originalon 9 January 2022.Retrieved20 February2022.
  6. ^abHelen Davidson and Jason Lu (2 August 2021)."Will Taiwan's Olympic win over China herald the end of 'Chinese Taipei'?".The Guardian.Archived fromthe originalon 10 October 2021.Retrieved14 December2021.
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