Chloralose
 Structural formula of α-chloralose
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 Ball-and-stick model of α-chloralose
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| Names | |
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| IUPAC name
1,2-O-[(1R)-2,2,2-Trichloroethane-1,1-diyl]-α-D-glucofuranose
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| Systematic IUPAC name
(1R)-1-[(2R,3aR,4S,5R,6aR)-2-(Trichloromethyl)-tetrahydro-2H-furo[2,3-d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl]ethane-1,2-diol | |
| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol)
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| 85418 | |
| ChEBI | |
| ChEMBL | |
| ChemSpider | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.036.363 |
| EC Number |
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| KEGG | |
| MeSH | Chloralose |
PubChemCID
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| RTECS number |
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| UNII | |
CompTox Dashboard(EPA)
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| Properties | |
| C8H11Cl3O6 | |
| Molar mass | 309.52g·mol−1 |
| Melting point | 176 to 182 °C (349 to 360 °F; 449 to 455 K) |
| Hazards | |
| Occupational safety and health(OHS/OSH): | |
Main hazards
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Harmful if swallowed Harmful if inhaled |
| GHSlabelling: | |
  
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| Danger | |
| H301,H332,H336,H410 | |
| P261,P264,P270,P271,P273,P301+P310,P304+P312,P304+P340,P312,P321,P330,P391,P403+P233,P405,P501 | |
| Related compounds | |
Related compounds
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Chloral hydrate |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in theirstandard state(at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Chloralose(also known as α-chloralose) is anavicide,and arodenticideused to kill mice in temperatures below 15 °C. It is also widely used inneuroscienceand veterinary medicine as ananestheticandsedative.[1]Either alone or in combination, such as withurethane,it is used for long-lasting, but light anesthesia.[2]
Chemically, it is achlorinatedacetalderivative ofglucose.
Chloralose exertsbarbiturate-like actions onsynaptic transmissionin the brain, including potent effects at inhibitoryγ-aminobutyric acid type A receptors(GABAAR).[3][4]A structural isomer of chloralose, β-chloralose (also called parachloralose in older literature), is inactive as a GABAAR modulator and also as a general anesthetic.[5]
Chloralose is often abused for its avicide properties. In theUnited Kingdom,protected birds of prey have been killed using the chemical. Legal use for bird control also often causes raptor mortalities from secondary poisoning, as well as primary poisoning of non-target species from eating bait, for example,kererūpigeon in New Zealand.[6]
References
[edit]- ^Silverman J, Muir WW (Jun 1993). "A review of laboratory animal anesthesia with chloral hydrate and chloralose".Lab Anim Sci.43(3): 210–6.PMID8355479.
- ^Vogler, George A. (2006-01-01), Suckow, Mark A.; Weisbroth, Steven H.; Franklin, Craig L. (eds.),"Chapter 19 - Anesthesia and Analgesia",The Laboratory Rat (Second Edition),American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Burlington: Academic Press, pp. 627–664,ISBN978-0-12-074903-4,retrieved2021-03-21
- ^R. A. Nicoll & J. M. Wojtowicz (1980). "The effects of pentobarbital and related compounds on frog motoneurons".Brain Research.191(1): 225–237.doi:10.1016/0006-8993(80)90325-x.PMID6247012.S2CID21777453.
- ^K. M. Garrett & J. Gan (1998). "Enhancement of gamma-aminobutyric acidA receptor activity by alpha-chloralose".The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics.285(2): 680–686.PMID9580613.
- ^M. D. Krasowski & N. L. Harrison (2000)."The actions of ether, alcohol and alkane general anaesthetics on GABAA and glycine receptors and the effects of TM2 and TM3 mutations".British Journal of Pharmacology.129(4): 731–743.doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0703087.PMC1571881.PMID10683198.
- ^"Poisoned bird had enough toxin to 'kill a child'".BBC News.2020-07-26.Retrieved2020-07-26.
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