Choreutidae
| Choreutidae | |
|---|---|
| |
| Nettle-tap moth | |
Scientific classification
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Infraorder: | Heteroneura |
| Clade: | Eulepidoptera |
| Clade: | Ditrysia |
| Clade: | Apoditrysia |
| Superfamily: | Choreutoidea Stainton, 1858 |
| Family: | Choreutidae Stainton, 1858 |
| Subfamilies and genera | |
|
Brenthiinae
Choreutinae
| |
| Diversity | |
| 402 species | |
Choreutidae,ormetalmark moths,are afamilyofinsectsin thelepidopteranorderwhose relationships have been long disputed. It was placed previously in thesuperfamilyYponomeutoideain family Glyphipterigidae and in superfamilySesioidea.It is now considered to represent its own superfamily (Minet, 1986). The relationship of the family to the other lineages in the group "Apoditrysia" need a new assessment, especially with new molecular data.
Distribution
[edit]The moths occur worldwide, with 19 genera in threesubfamiliesdefined by the structural characteristics of the immature stages (larvae and pupae), rather than the characters of the adults (Heppner and Duckworth, 1981; Rota, 2005).
Behaviour
[edit]These small moths often bear metallicscales[1]and are mostly day-flying (some also come to lights), with a jerky, pivoting behaviour, and may fluff up their wings at an extreme angle. Some tropical exemplars such as the genusSapthaare quite spectacular, with bright green metallic bands.[2]The members of the genusBrenthia,usually placed in their ownsubfamilyBrenthiinae, haveeyespotson the wings and have been shown tomimicjumping spiders (Rota and Wagner, 2006).
Larval hostplants
[edit]Most species skeletonize leaves often among silken webbing.[3]The foodplants of many Choreutinae occurring in thetemperate regionand some tropical species are known[4]being dominated byAsteraceae,Betulaceae,Boraginaceae,Dipterocarpaceae,Fabaceae,Labiatae,Moraceae(mainlyFicus),Rosaceae,SapindaceaeandUrticaceae.The European nettle-tap moth (Anthophila fabricianaLinnaeus, 1767),[nb 1]is a familiar sight pirouetting around "stinging nettles"Urticaand nearby flowers whileChoreutis pariana[5]skeletonizes apple leaves. The last genus has 85 species worldwide one of which,C. tigroides,is a pest of "jackfruit" (Artocarpus) (Dugdale et al., 1999).
Notes
[edit]- ^illustrated here
References
[edit]- ^"choreutid genera".The University of Connecticut Ecology and Evolutionary Biology.Archived from the original on 18 February 2007.Retrieved13 March2023.
{{cite web}}:CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^"Australian Moths Online:: Saptha libanota:: 1".Australian Moths Online.15 September 2007. Archived fromthe originalon 15 September 2007.Retrieved13 March2023.
- ^Prochoreutis myllerana - UKMoths
- ^"HOSTS - a Database of the World's Lepidopteran Hostplants".Natural History Museum.Archived fromthe originalon 31 May 2012.
- ^"Apple Leaf Skeletonizer Choreutis pariana".UKMoths.Archived fromthe originalon 27 July 2012.
Sources
[edit]- O'Toole, Christopher, ed. (2002).Firefly Encyclopedia of Insects and Spiders.ISBN1-55297-612-2.
- Dugdale, J.S., Kristensen, N.P., Robinson, G.S. and Scoble, M.J. (1999) [1998]. The smaller microlepidoptera grade superfamilies, Ch.13., pp. 217–232 in Kristensen, N.P. (Ed.).Lepidoptera, Moths and Butterflies.Volume 1: Evolution, Systematics, and Biogeography. Handbuch der Zoologie. Eine Naturgeschichte der Stämme des Tierreiches / Handbook of Zoology. A Natural History of the phyla of the Animal Kingdom. Band / Volume IV Arthropoda: Insecta Teilband / Part 35: 491 pp. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, New York.
- Heppner, J. B.; Duckworth, W. D. (1981). "Classification of the superfamily Sesioidea (Lepidoptera: Ditrysia)".Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology.314(314): 1–144.doi:10.5479/si.00810282.314.
- Minet, J. (1986). "Ébauche d'une classification moderne de l'ordre des Lépidoptères".Alexanor(in French).14(7): 291–313.
- Rota, J. (2005)."Larval and Pupal Descriptions of the Neotropical Choreutid GeneraRhobondaWalker andZodiaHeppner (Lepidoptera: Choreutidae) ".Annals of the Entomological Society of America.98(1) (published 1 January 2005): 37–47.doi:10.1603/0013-8746(2005)098[0037:LAPDOT]2.0.CO;2.S2CID86311824.
- Rota, J.; Wagner, D.L. (2006)."Predator Mimicry: Metalmark Moths Mimic Their Jumping Spider Predators".PLOS ONE.1(1) (published 20 December 2006): e45.Bibcode:2006PLoSO...1...45R.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0000045.PMC1762363.PMID17183674.
External links
[edit]
- "Tree of Life".
- "UK Moths Choreutidae".Archived fromthe originalon 29 September 2007.
- "LepIndex list of species and genera in family Choreutidae".
- "La Selva Costa Rica species".
- "Millieria".
- "Larvae and cocoons".Archived fromthe originalon 18 February 2007.
- "Representative genera".Archived fromthe originalon 18 February 2007.
- "Choreutinae resting postures".
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