Jiang(rank)
(Redirected fromChungjang)
| Jiang | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chinese name | |||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | Tương | ||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | Tương | ||||||||
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| Vietnamese name | |||||||||
| Vietnamese alphabet | Tướng | ||||||||
| Chữ Hán | Tương | ||||||||
| Korean name | |||||||||
| Hangul | 장 | ||||||||
| Hanja | Tương | ||||||||
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| Japanese name | |||||||||
| Kanji | Tương | ||||||||
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Jiang(formerly romanizedchiangand usually translatedgeneral) is ageneral officerrank used byChinaandTaiwan.It is also used asjanginNorthandSouth Korea,shōinJapan,andtướnginVietnam.
Chinese
[edit]People's Liberation Army
[edit]The same rank names are used for all services, prefixed byhaijun(simplified Chinese:Hải quân;traditional Chinese:Hải quân;lit.'naval force') orkongjun(simplified Chinese:Không quân;traditional Chinese:Không quân;lit.'air force').
| Rank group | General/flag officers | ||
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| Chinese | Thượng tương | Trung tương | Thiếu tương |
| Pinyin | Shàngjiāng | Zhōngjiāng | Shàojiāng |
| Literal translation | Upper commander | Middle commander | Lower commander |
 PLA Ground Forces[1]
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 PLA Navy[1]
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 PLA Air Force[1]
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 People's Armed Police[1]
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| Thượng tương Shàngjiāng |
Trung tương Zhōngjiāng |
Thiếu tương Shàojiāng | |
| Rank group | General/flag officers | ||
Dajiang
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Under the rank system in place in the PLA in the era 1955–1965, there existed the rank ofdajiang(Chinese:Đại tương;lit.'Grand commander'). This rank was awarded to 10 of the veteran leaders of the PLA in 1955 and never conferred again. It was considered equivalent to the Soviet rank ofarmy general.The decision to name the equivalent rankyiji shangjiang(Chinese:Nhất cấp thượng tương;lit.'Upper commander first class') when it was briefly re-established in 1988-1994 was likely due to a desire to keep the rank ofdajiangan honorary one awarded after a war, much asGeneral of the Armiesin theUnited States Army.It was offered to Deng Xiaoping who declined the new rank. Thus it was never conferred and scrapped in 1994.
Republic of China Armed Forces
[edit]| Rank group | General/flag officers | |||
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| Chinese | Nhất cấp thượng tương | Nhị cấp thượng tương | Trung tương | Thiếu tương |
| Pinyin | Yiji shangjiang | Erji shangjiang | Zhongjiang | Shaojiang |
| Literal translation | First class upper commander | Second class upper commander | Middle commander | Lower commander |
 Republic of China Army[2]
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| Translation[3] | Full general | General | Lieutenant general | Major general |
 Republic of China Navy[2]
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| Translation[3] | Full admiral | Admiral | Vice admiral | Rear admiral |
 Republic of China Air Force[2]
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| Translation[3] | Full general | General | Lieutenant general | Major general |
 Republic of China Marine Corps[2]
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| Translation[3] | General | Lieutenant general | Major general | |
| Nhất cấp thượng tương Yiji shangjiang |
Nhị cấp thượng tương Erji shangjiang |
Trung tương Zhongjiang |
Thiếu tương Shaojiang | |
| Rank group | General/flag officers | |||
Japanese variant
[edit]The same rank names are used for all services, prefixed byriku(Japanese:Lục,lit. 'land'),kai(Japanese:Hải,lit. 'sea') orkū(Japanese:Không,lit. 'air'). The rank insignia of theBakuryōchō-taru-shōwas enacted on December 1, 1962, and before that, it was the same three-star as otherShō.
| Rank group | General/flag officers | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Japanese | Mạc liêu trường たる tương | Tương | Tương bổ | |
| Romanization | Bakuryōchō-taru-shō | Shō | Shō-ho | |
| Literal translation | Commander serving as Chief of staff | Commander | Supplementary commander | |
 Japanese Army[4]
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| U.S. equivalent[5] | General | Lieutenant general | Major general | |
 Japanese Navy[4]
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| U.S. equivalent[5] | Admiral | Vice admiral | Rear admiral | |
 Japanese Air Force[4]
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| U.S. equivalent[5] | General | Lieutenant general | Major general | |
| Mạc liêu trường たる tương Bakuryōchō-taru-shō |
Tương Shō |
Tương bổ Shō-ho | ||
| Rank group | General/flag officers | |||
Korean variant
[edit]| Jang | |
| Hangul | 장 |
|---|---|
| Hanja | Tương |
| Revised Romanization | Jang |
| McCune–Reischauer | Jang |
North Korea
[edit]| Rank group | General/flag officers | |||
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| Hangul | 대장 | 상장 | 중장 | 소장 |
| Hanja | Đại tương | Thượng tương | Trung tương | Thiếu tương |
| Romanization | Daejang | Sangjang | Chungjang | Sojang |
| Literal translation | Grand commander | Upper commander | Middle commander | Lower commander |
 Korean People's Army Ground Force[6]
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| Army general | Colonel general | Lieutenant general | Major general | |
 Korean People's Navy[6]
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| Admiral of the Fleet | Admiral | Vice admiral | Rear admiral | |
 Korean People's Army Air Force[6]
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| Army general | Colonel general | Lieutenant general | Major general | |
| 대장 Daejang |
상장 Sangjang |
중장 Chungjang |
소장 Sojang | |
| Rank group | General/flag officers | |||
South Korea
[edit]| Rank group | General/flag officers | |||
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| Hangul | 대장 | 중장 | 소장 | 준장 |
| Hanja | Đại tương | Trung tương | Thiếu tương | Chuẩn tương |
| Romanization | Daejang | Jungjang | Sojang | Junjang |
| Literal translation | Grand commander | Middle commander | Lower commander | Given commander |
 Armed Forces[7]
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| English translation (Army)[8] |
General | Lieutenant general | Major general | Brigadier general |
| English translation (Navy)[8] |
Admiral | Vice admiral | Rear admiral | Rear admiral (lower half) |
| English translation (Air Force)[8] |
General | Lieutenant general | Major general | Brigadier general |
| English translation (Marine Corps) |
General | Lieutenant general | Major general | Brigadier general |
| 대장 Daejang |
중장 Jungjang |
소장 Sojang |
준장 Junjang | |
| Rank group | General/flag officers | |||
Vietnamese variant
[edit]| Rank group | General/flag officers | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vietnamese | Đại tướng | Thượng tướng | Trung tướng | Thiếu tướng |
| Chữ Hán | Đại tương | Thượng tương | Trung tương | Thiếu tương |
| Literal translation | Grand general | Upper general | Middle general | Lower general |
 Vietnam People's Ground Force[9]
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| Translation[10] | Army general | Colonel general | Lieutenant general | Major general |
 Vietnam People's Air Force[9]
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| Translation[10] | Colonel general | Lieutenant general | Major general | |
| Vietnamese | Đại tướng | Thượng tướng | Trung tướng | Thiếu tướng |
| Rank group | General/flag officers | |||
South Vietnamese variant
[edit]| Rank group | General/flag officers | ||||
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| Vietnamese | Thống tướng | Đại tướng | Trung tướng | Thiếu tướng | Chuẩn tướng |
| Chữ Hán | Thống tương | Đại tương | Trung tương | Thiếu tương | Chuẩn tương |
| Literal translation | Master general | Grand general | Middle general | Lower general | Quasi-general / Rear - genaral |
 Army of the Republic of Vietnam(1967-1975)[11] |
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| Translation[11] | General of the Army | General | Lieutenant general | Major general | Brigadier general |
 Republic of Vietnam Marine Division(1967-1975) |
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| Translation | Lieutenant general | Major general | Brigadier general | ||
 Republic of Vietnam Air Force(1967-1975)[11] |
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| Translation[11] | General of the Air Force | General | Lieutenant general | Major general | Brigadier general |
| Vietnamese | Thống tướng | Đại tướng | Trung tướng | Thiếu tướng | Chuẩn tướng |
| Rank group | General/flag officers | ||||
See also
[edit]- Xiao (rank)
- Wei (rank)
- Shi (rank)
- Ranks of the People's Liberation Army Ground Force
- Ranks of the People's Liberation Army Navy
- Ranks of the People's Liberation Army Air Force
- Ranks of the People's Armed Police
- Republic of China Armed Forces rank insignia
References
[edit]- ^abcdPing, Xu (7 August 2017)."Ngã quân kiến quân cửu thập niên quân hàm chế độ duyên cách"[The evolution of our military rank system over the ninety years of its establishment].mod.gov.cn(in Chinese). Ministry of National Defense. Archived fromthe originalon 28 December 2019.Retrieved13 June2021.
- ^abcd"Lùhǎikōng jūnfú zhì tiáolì fù tú"Lục hải không quân phục chế điều lệ phụ đồ[Drawings of the Uniform Regulations of the Army, Navy and Air Force](PDF).Gazette of the Presidential Palace(6769): 65–67. 7 November 1996. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 6 March 2017.Retrieved15 August2022.
- ^abcdMinistry of National Defense (4 December 2019)."Act of Commission for Officers and Noncommissioned Officers of the Armed Forces".law.moj.gov.tw.Ministry of Justice.Retrieved17 August2022.
- ^abc"Tự vệ quan の giai cấp"[Self-Defense Forces rank].mod.go.jp(in Japanese). Japanese Ministry of Defense.Retrieved7 June2021.
- ^abcDolan, Ronald E. (1999). "National Security". In Worden, Robert L. (ed.).Japan: a country study.Area Handbook (5th ed.). Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress. p. 449.LCCN91029874.Retrieved12 February2024.
- ^abcMinnich, James M. (2008). "National Security". In Worden, Robert L. (ed.).North Korea: a country study.Area Handbook (5th ed.). Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress. pp. 266, 268.LCCN2008028547.Retrieved20 October2021.
- ^"gyegeubjang-ui jesig(je7joje2hang gwanlyeon)"계급장의 제식(제7조제2항 관련)[Rank insignia (related to Article 7 (2))].law.go.kr(in Korean).Retrieved30 December2021.
- ^abcKatz, Rodney P. (1992). "National Security". In Savada, Andrea Matles; Shaw, William (eds.).South Korea: a country study.Area Handbook (4th ed.). Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress. p. 292.LCCN91039109.Retrieved2 January2022.
- ^ab"Quy định quân hiệu, cấp hiệu, phù hiệu và lễ phục của Quân đội nhân dân Việt Nam".mod.gov.vn(in Vietnamese). Ministry of Defence (Vietnam). 26 August 2009. Archived fromthe originalon 2 December 2021.Retrieved30 May2021.
- ^abPike, Douglas (1989). "National Security". In Cima, Ronald J. (ed.).Vietnam: a country study.Area Handbook (1st ed.). Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress. p. 256.LCCN88600482.Retrieved31 December2023.
- ^abcdArmed Forces Information and Education (1968).Uniforms of Seven Allies (DOD GEN-30).Department of Defense. pp. 26–28.Retrieved2 July2022.
