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Civil Aviation Administration of China

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Civil Aviation Administration of China
Trung quốc dân dụng hàng không cục
Zhōngguó Mínyòng Hángkōng Jú
Agency overview
Formed1949;75 years ago(1949)
JurisdictionChina
HeadquartersDongcheng,Beijing
Agency executive
  • Song Zhiyong (as of January 2023[1],Administrator
Parent agencyMinistry of Transport
Websitecaac.gov.cn
CAAC headquarters
Flight Inspection Center of CAAC

TheCivil Aviation Administration of China(CAAC;Chinese:Trung quốc dân dụng hàng không cục;pinyin:Zhōngguó Mínyòng Hángkōng Jú) is the Chinesecivil aviation authorityunder theMinistry of Transport.It overseescivil aviationand investigatesaviation accidents and incidents.[2]

As the aviation authority responsible for China, it concludes civil aviation agreements with other aviation authorities, including those of theSpecial administrative regions of Chinawhich are categorized as "special domestic."[3][better source needed]It directly operatedits own airline,China's aviation monopoly, until 1988. The agency is headquartered inDongcheng, Beijing.[4]

History[edit]

On 2 November 1949, shortly after the founding of thePeople's Republic of China,theCCP Central Committeedecided to found the Civil Aviation Agency under the name of thePeople's Revolutionary Military Commission,and under the command of thePeople's Liberation Army Air Force,to manage all non-military aviation in the country, as well as provide general and commercial flight services. The Civil Aviation Agency was created in December of the same year, and set offices inChongqing,Guangzhou,Shanghai,Tianjin,andWuhan.[5]On 10 March 1950, the Guangzhou Office began to work, managing civil flight services in Guangdong, Guangxi, and Hunan. Later, it was merged with Wuhan Office to form the Civil Aviation Office of Central and Southern China on 21 January 1951, in Guangzhou, and was renamed Central and Southern Civil Aviation Office, working for civil flight administrations in Guangdong, Guangxi, Hubei, and Hunan.[citation needed]

On 7 May 1952, the People's Revolutionary Military Commission and theState Councilissued theDecision for Reorganizing Civil Aviation(Chinese:Quan vu chỉnh biên dân dụng hàng không đích quyết định) and the Civil Aviation Agency of the People's Revolutionary Military Commission was transferred to the military system and was under the direct control of the PLA Air Force, then split the civil aviation administration division and airline division to form the separate Civil Aviation Agency and civil airline. Under this decision, from July to November 1951, the Civil Aviation Agency had four administration offices in Shanghai (Eastern China), Guangzhou (Central-Southern), Chongqing (Southwestern China), and Tianjin (Northern China). The Southern China branch was briefly renamed the Civil Aviation Administration Office of Southern China. On 17 July 1952, the People's Aviation Company of China was created, headquartered in Tianjin.[6]

On 9 June 1953, followingAeroflotin the Soviet Union, the People's Aviation Company of China was merged with the Civil Aviation Agency of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission. Later, theSKOGAwas merged with the Beijing administration office on 1 January 1955.[7]: 275 

In November 1954, the Civil Aviation Agency of the People's Revolutionary Military Commission was renamed Civil Aviation Agency of China. It was transferred to the State Council and came under the leadership of both State Council and PLA Air Force. The PLA Air Force was also responsible for technical, flight, aircrew, communicating, human resources, and political works.

On 27 February 1958, the Civil Aviation Agency was transferred to theMinistry of Transport.Later, the Agency ratified theReport for the Opinions of System Devolving(Chinese:Quan vu thể chế hạ phóng ý kiến đích báo cáo) from the party branch of the Ministry of Transport in 17 June. Both national and local authorities have responsibilities of civil aviation. International and main domestic flights were mainly under the leadership of the national authority while local and agricultural flights were mainly under the leadership of local authority. Thus, most provinces and autonomous regions established their own civil aviation administration offices. Five administration offices in Beijing, Chengdu, Guangzhou, Shanghai, Tianjin, and Ürümqi were changed to be regional administration agencies in 13 December. The Agency was renamed the General Administration of Civil Aviation of the Ministry of Transport on 17 November 1960.

In April 1962, the Presidium of the 2nd National People's Congress decided to rename the General Administration of Civil Aviation of the Ministry of Transport to the General Administration of Civil Aviation of China on the 53rd meeting. It was transferred to the State Council and was managed by the PLA Air Force. The General Administration of Civil Aviation was transferred to the PLA Air Force on 20 November 1969.

CAAC Ilyushin Il-62 at Moscow Sheremetyevo Airport in 1974

In 1963, China purchased sixVickers Viscountaircraft from Great Britain, followed in 1971 by the purchase of fourHawker Siddeley Tridentaircraft fromPakistan International Airlines.In August 1971, the airline purchased six Trident 2Es directly from Hawker Siddeley.[8]The country also placed provisional orders for threeConcordeaircraft. With the1972 Nixon visit to China,the country ordered 10Boeing 707jets. In December 1973, it took the unprecedented step of borrowing £40 million from Western banks to fund the purchase of 15 additional Trident jets. Soviet-builtIlyushin Il-62aircraft were used on long range routes during the 1970s and 1980s.

On 5 March 1980, the General Administration of Civil Aviation was no longer managed by the PLA Air Force, and was transferred to the State Council.[9]Some administrative works were still under the People's Liberation Army and the air controlling was managed byPLA General Stuff Departmentand Air Force Command.

On 30 January 1987, the State Council ratified theReport for the Reform Solution and Executive Steps of the Civil Aviation System Administration System(Chinese:Quan vu dân hàng hệ thống quản lý thể chế cải cách phương án hòa thật thi bộ sậu đích báo cáo).[10]Since then, CAAC acted solely as a government agency and reorganized six regional administration agencies, and no longer provided commercial flight services. In 1988, the airlineCAACwas divided into a number of individual air carriers, many of them named after the region of China where it had its hub.

On 19 April 1993, the General Administration of Civil Aviation became the ministry-level agency of the State Council.

In March 2008, CAAC was made a subsidiary of the newly-created Ministry of Transport, and its official Chinese name was slightly adjusted to reflect its being no longer a ministry-level agency. Its official English name has remained Civil Aviation Administration of China.

On 11 March 2019, the CAAC was the first civil aviation authority togroundtheBoeing 737 MAX.[11]After so doing, most of the world's aviation authorities grounded the MAX, including theEuropean Union Aviation Safety Agencythe next day.[12]It took the USFederal Aviation Administrationuntil 13 March to ground the MAX.[13]Aviation commentators saw this as having bolstered the global reputation of the CAAC at the expense of the FAA.[14][15][16]After the MAX was cleared to return by the FAA in November 2020,[17]the CAAC reiterated that there "is no set timetable" to lifting the MAX grounding in China.[18]In early August 2021, a MAX made a test flight in Shanghai for validation.[19]Later, the CAAC issued an airworthiness directive on 2 December to allow the type return to service if the MCAS is corrected following Boeing's instructions.[20]

CAAC (airline)[edit]

Main article:CAAC (airline)

Current role[edit]

Currently, CAAC is an administrative department mostly intended to supervise the aviation market. CAAC releases route applications every week and for routes that do not fly to an open-sky country/region, there will be monthly scoring releases that determine the score for each of them. CAAC subsequently grants permission to start on those who score highest on the list.

CAAC also issues frequent operation data and notices.

CAAC administers China's no-fly list.[21]: 113 

List of directors[edit]

List of Directors of the Civil Aviation Administration of China:[22]

Affiliate subsidiaries[edit]

  • Air Traffic Administration Bureau (ATMB) inBeijing
  • Civil Aviation University of China(CAUC) inTianjin
  • Civil Aviation Flight University of China(CAFUC) inGuanghan
  • Civil Aviation Management Institute of China (CAMIC) in Beijing
  • China Academy of Civil Aviation Science and Technology — Center of Aviation Safety Technology, CAAC in Beijing
  • CAAC Second Research Institute inChengdu
  • China Civil Aviation Publishing Press in Beijing
  • Civil Aviation Medical Center — Civil Aviation General Hospital in Beijing
  • CAAC Settlement Center in Beijing
  • CAAC Information Center in Beijing
  • CAAC Audition Center in Beijing
  • Capital Airports Holdings Limited(CAH) in Beijing
  • CAAC International Cooperation and Service Center in Beijing
  • China Airport Construction Corporation (CACC) in Beijing
  • China Civil Aviation Engine Airworthiness Audition Center
  • Flight Inspection Center of CAAC in Beijing
  • CAAC Museum

See also[edit]

External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related toCivil Aviation Administration of China.

References[edit]

  1. ^"Leadership".Trung quốc dân dụng hàng không cục.Retrieved30 January2023.
  2. ^"Legal directory"(PDF).Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 3 May 2020.Retrieved9 June2009.
  3. ^"Air Services Arrangement between the Mainland and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region", a treaty. This calls intranational service "specially managed domestic".
  4. ^"English[dead link]ArchivedSeptember 6, 2009, at theWayback Machine."[dead link]Civil Aviation Administration of China. Retrieved on 9 June 2009. "Bắc kinh thị đông thành khu đông tứ tây đại nhai 155 hào."
  5. ^"Thành lập quân ủy dân hàng cục - trung quốc dân hàng cục 60 chu niên đương án triển".CAAC(in Simplified Chinese). Archived fromthe originalon 26 April 2012.Retrieved12 April2013.
  6. ^"Trung quốc nhân dân hàng không công tư thủy mạt - trung quốc dân hàng cục 60 chu niên đương án triển".CAAC(in Simplified Chinese).Retrieved20 February2021.
  7. ^Bắc kinh thị địa phương chí biên toản ủy viên hội (2000).Bắc kinh chí · thị chính quyển · dân dụng hàng không chí(in Chinese).Beijing Publishing House.ISBN7-200-04040-1.
  8. ^Tridents for China, Flight International, 2 September 1971, p. 348
  9. ^"Khánh chúc tân trung quốc dân hàng thành lập 70 chu niên chuyên đề (1980)".CAAC(in Simplified Chinese).Retrieved20 February2021.
  10. ^"Khánh chúc tân trung quốc dân hàng thành lập 70 chu niên chuyên đề (1987)".CAAC(in Simplified Chinese).Retrieved20 February2021.
  11. ^For a full timeline of the groundings, seeBoeing 737 MAX groundings § Regulators.
  12. ^"EASA suspends all Boeing 737 Max operations in Europe".European Union Aviation Safety Agency.12 March 2019.Retrieved18 September2019.
  13. ^"Emergency Order of Prohibition"(PDF).Federal Aviation Administration.13 March 2019.Retrieved13 March2019.
  14. ^"Chinese air safety regulators gain global influence as FAA refuses to ground Boeing 737 Max".Los Angeles Times.13 March 2019.Retrieved18 September2019.
  15. ^"Across the globe, a question of air safety becomes a question of American leadership".Los Angeles Times.15 March 2019.Retrieved18 September2019.
  16. ^Isidore, Chris (13 May 2019)."Boeing desperately needs to get the 737 Max back in the air. Getting it approved will be hard".CNN.Retrieved18 September2019.The 737 Max does not appear close to flying again. Aviation experts doubt global regulators will act in concert to approve the 737 Max for flight, because serious questions remain about how and why the FAA approved the 737 Max for flight and whether it rushed the certification process.
  17. ^"Boeing Responds to FAA Approval to Resume 737 MAX Operations".MediaRoom.Retrieved19 December2020.
  18. ^Chua2020-11-20T07:58:00+00:00, Alfred."China in no hurry to return 737 Max to service".Flight Global.Retrieved19 December2020.{{cite web}}:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  19. ^"Ba âm 737 Max khai khải vãng trung quốc đích thí phi chi lữ kỳ đãi bắc kinh giải trừ cấm phi lệnh".Bloomberg(in Chinese). 4 August 2021.Archivedfrom the original on 18 October 2021.Retrieved16 January2022.
  20. ^"Ba âm 737MAX trọng hoạch trung quốc thích hàng hứa khả phục phi hoàn yếu đa cửu?".Kankan News(in Chinese). 16 January 2022.Archivedfrom the original on 6 December 2021.Retrieved3 December2021.
  21. ^Brussee, Vincent (2023).Social Credit: The Warring States of China's Emerging Data Empire.Singapore:Palgrave MacMillan.ISBN9789819921881.
  22. ^"Lịch nhậm cục trường"(in Chinese). Civil Aviation Administration of China.Retrieved17 December2017.
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