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Civilization II

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For the EP by Kero Kero Bonito, seeCivilisation II.

Civilization II
The box art of Civilization II. The title text reads: "Sid Meier's Civilization II. The ultimate version of the best-selling strategy game."
Developer(s)MicroProse
Publisher(s)
MicroProse
MacPlay(Mac)
Activision(PS1)
Producer(s)Jeff Briggs
Designer(s)
Brian Reynolds
Douglas Kaufman
Jeff Briggs
Programmer(s)
Brian Reynolds
Jason S. Coleman
Chris Taormino
Artist(s)Michael O. Haire
Writer(s)Dave Ellis
Composer(s)
Jeff Briggs
Roland J. Rizzo
Kevin Manthei(Fantastic Worlds)
SeriesCivilization
Platform(s)
Windows
Mac OS
PlayStation
Release
Windows
Mac OS
PlayStation
Genre(s)Turn-based strategy
Mode(s)Single player,multiplayer

Sid Meier's Civilization IIis aturn-based strategyvideo game in theCivilizationseries,developed and published byMicroProse.It was released in 1996 forPCs,and later ported to thePlayStationbyActivision.

Players build a civilization from a primitive tribe, competing with rival computer- or human (in some editions)-controlled civilizations. They manage cities and units in a quest to assure their civilization's dominance—either by conquering all other civilizations or by manufacturing advanced space technology.

Civilization IIwas a commercial hit, with sales of around three million units by 2001, and has won numerous awards and placements on "best games of all time" lists. It was followed byCivilization III.

Gameplay[edit]

A map view in the game
The main game screen and map inCivilization II.Cities are labeled with text. The several units on the map are engineers and acruisership (bottom left). Note the different types of terrain.

As a turn-based strategy game,Civilization IImodels the historical development of human civilization. A player, when creating a game, may pick one of 21 historical civilizations or a custom-named civilization. The computer will intelligently control multiple rival civilizations. Only a single-player mode was available until the release of the Multiplayer Addon.

The game takes place on a map made of tiles. A human player may generate a random map based on his specifications, or opt for a pre-made map. Different terrain types, special resources and improvements such as irrigation are present on different tiles. Players begin with one or a few units, including settlers to found their first cities, in 4000 BC. All of the map is unexplored except the starting units' immediate vicinity, and exploration is a top early-game priority.

Cities occupy one tile and harvest yields from nearby tiles: food, trade and production. They may build units, city improvements orwonders of the world.Typically, each civilization will constantly expand by founding new cities until all of the map is settled. Analogous tochess pieces,the many different units vary in their functions, mirroring historical types of soldiers and occupations. Units occupy one tile at a time and may move every turn. Most of them can attack others in battle; a minority have non-military functions.

After civilizations make contact, they begin diplomatic relations. In war, a civilization may conquer another civilization's cities. When all of a player's cities are conquered, they are permanently removed from the game. To end war, two players may promise peaceful relations.

Scientific research is a focal point of the game. Players begin with primitive technology and hence limited possible actions. Grouped by eras from ancient to modern, civilization advances, both scientific and societal, offer numerous advantages.

There are three paths to victory: conquering all other civilizations, building a spaceship that reaches theAlpha Centauristar system using advanced technology, and otherwise surviving until 2020 AD. A player's score is calculated after finishing the game.

Other features[edit]

Civilization IIsupportsmodsthat customize game graphics or mechanics. "Scenarios" are preset game files that emulate historical, fictional or other situations.

Differences fromCivilization[edit]

Civilization IIis similar to its predecessorCivilization,with some changes to and additions of units, civilizations, world wonders, tile "specials" and technologies. Entirely new concepts include diplomatic reputation and production waste. The world map was changed from a top-down view to anisometricrepresentation.[6]Theartificial intelligencefor the human player's opponents was also improved.

Development[edit]

Civilization IIwas designed byBrian Reynolds,Douglas Caspian-Kaufman andJeff Briggs.[7]Following the success ofCivilization,the ongoing development of a sequel was kept secret for years. The game was publicly announced when the team was in the final stage of tweaking and balancing.[6]The game's working title wasCivilization 2000.[8]Asked aboutSid Meier's involvement in the project, Reynolds replied, "We sat down and brainstormed about it and hashed out ideas, that's about it."[9]Emulating the recently releasedDoom,Reynolds implemented support formoddingdespite Meier's fear that customers would blame the company for poor-quality mods.[10]

Meier commented, "Civilizationgreatly favored the military approach to achieving victory. We've now adjusted the balance to make trade and diplomacy a more integral part of the game ".[6]

On the PCCivilization IIwas developed forWindows 3.1and later using theWinGAPI. The later releasedCivilization II: Multiplayer Gold EditionrequiredWindows 95,and no longer ran on Windows 3.1.

Release[edit]

Re-release[edit]

The game was re-released on December 9, 1998[11]asCivilization II: Multiplayer Gold Edition,which bundled the two prior expansion packs and added options for multi-player games, among other tweaks with the disadvantage that it required Windows 95 and later, while the original Civilization 2 version worked in Windows 3.1. TheMultiplayer Gold Editionwas included in theCivilization Chroniclesbox set released in 2006.

Expansion sets[edit]

There were two expansion packs that slowly added more features to the game. The first,Conflicts in Civilization,included 20 new scenarios: 12 created by the makers of the game,[12]and eight "Best of the Net" by fans. It also added an enhanced macro language for scenario scripting with advanced programming features such as variable typing and network features, which was considered widely unnecessary. Due to a programming bug, theEncarta-style Civilopedia was disabled from the game.

The second expansion wasCiv II: Fantastic Worlds.[a]It also added new scenarios that had many unique settings such as one scenario dealing with colonization of Mars, and one scenario called Midgard that had Elven, Goblin, Merman, and other civilizations from fantasy. There are also some scenarios based on other MicroProse games such asX-COM,Master of OrionandMaster of Magic"Jr." scenarios.Fantastic Worldsalso contains a new scenario editor that allowed users to edit the statistics and icons used for units, city improvements, terrain, and technologies, as well as creating event triggers and other enhancements to the game.

Remake[edit]

TheremakeCivilization II: Test of Timewas released in 1999, followingSid Meier's Alpha Centauri.Test of Timehas a new palette and user interface, and new features such as animated units, a playable Alpha Centauri to settle and new campaign modes.

Reception[edit]

Sales[edit]

Civilization IIplaced second onPC Data's monthly computer game sales chart for April 1996.[13]The game secured position 3 for the next four months,[14][15]before dropping to No. 5 in September.[16]It exited PC Data's top 10 in December, after remaining there for an additional two months.[17][18][19]In the United States,Civilization IIwas the third-best-selling computer game of the first six months of 1996,[20]and the fifth-highest seller of the year as a whole.[21]Worldwide, its sales surpassed 400,000 copies by August, reached 500,000 in September and topped 600,000 by November.[22][23][24]In the United States alone, it sold 482,522 units and earned $21.1 million by the end of 1996.[25]

By mid-January 1997, global sales ofCivilization IIhad surpassed 720,000 copies.[26]It finished 20th on PC Data's monthly chart for March,[27]and was the United States' 17th-highest-selling computer game of the year's first half.[28]The game had topped its predecessor's 850,000 sales that August,[29]and continued to sell "over 20,000 units a month" by November, according to Microprose.[30]Civilization IIreached 1.2 million units sold by April 1998; Terry Coleman ofComputer Gaming Worldwrote that sales were "still going strong" at that time.[31]In the United Kingdom alone, the game sold 160,000 units by 1999.[32]It also received a "Gold" award from the Verband der Unterhaltungssoftware Deutschland (VUD) in August 1998,[33]for sales of at least 100,000 units across Germany, Austria and Switzerland.[34]Civilization II Goldalone sold 171,495 copies in the United States by September 2000, according to PC Data.[35]

In August 2001, Jeff Briggs ofFiraxisestimated thatCivilization IIhad sold "about 3 million" copies.[36]Meier said that he was "wrong on all counts" about opposing mod support; "The strength of the modding community is, instead, the very reason the series survived".[10]

Critical reviews[edit]

On release, a reviewer forNext Generationventured thatCivilization II"may be one of the most balanced and playable games ever released." He especially praised the added depth of the combat, diplomatic relations, and trade over the originalCivilization,which he said was one of the best games ever released for PC.[49]Computer Gaming Worldgave it the Strategy Game of the Year award,[57]andPC Gamer USnamed it the overall game of the year, calling it and its predecessor "perhaps the finest strategy games ever made."[58]Civilization IIwas nominated asComputer Games Strategy Plus's1996 game of the year, although it lost toTomb Raider.However, it won the magazine's award for the best turn-based strategy game of the year.[59]It also won aSpotlight Awardfor Best PC/Mac Game.[60]Macworld'sMichael Gowan wrote, "Hard-core strategists will enjoy this game's complexity."[48]

Next Generationreviewed the PlayStation version of the game, rating it five stars out of five, and stated that "Overall,Civ IIremains one of strategy gaming's finest hours and is a welcome addition on PlayStation. For those who are willing, it's a game of limitless possibilities. "[50]

In 2007,Civilization IIwas ranked as third inIGN's list of the 100 greatest video games of all time,[61]having previously rated it at number 15 in 2003.[62]In 2012,G4tvranked it as the 62nd top video game of all time.[63]Polish web portalWirtualna Polskaranked it as the most addictive game "that stole our childhood".[64]The journal article "Theoretical Frameworks for Analysing Turn-Based Computer Strategy Games" deemed it "significant and influential".[65]In Ted Friedman's essay "Civilization and its Discontents: Simulation, Subjectivity, and Space" from the collectionDiscovering Discs: Transforming Space and Genre on CD-ROM,he argues that the game "simultaneously denies and de-personalizes the violence in the history of 'exploration, colonization, and development".[66]Computer Shopperdeemed it a "worthy successor" to Civilization,[67]and "arguably the finest multiplayer game ever created".[68]In anticipation to the launch ofCivilization III,New Straits TimesdescribedCivilization IIas "the best turn-based empire- building strategy game".[69]Baltimore Afro-Americanwas "obsessed with the game".[70]Tribune Business Newsdeemed it an "old favorite".[71]The game was the fourth bestseller in October 1996 and the 3rd bestseller in December 1997.[72][73]PC Gamesargued that the game "cemented the franchise's place in videogame history."[74]

In 1998,PC Gamerdeclared it the 2nd-best computer game ever released, and the editors called it "intelligent, engrossing and entertaining beyond compare, it's one of the finest artistic achievements of the last decade".[75]In 1996,GamesMasterranked the game sixth in a list of the top 100 games of all time, writing: "Civ 2could well be one of the world's most addicting games. "[76]

Legacy[edit]

Several other games have been heavily inspired byCivilization II.In 2006, anN-Gageversion ofCivilizationwas released, based onCivilization IIand its successorIII.[77]Theopen-sourcegameFreecivhas a "ruleset" that is virtually identical toII's mechanics.

In 2011, researchers at theMIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratoryand theUniversity College Londonpublished the results of a machine learning system playingCivilization II,in itsFreecivimplementation, which used the text from its official game manual to guide its strategy.[78][79]The linguistically informed player outperformed its language-unaware counterpart, winning over 78% of games when playing against the built-in AI, a 27% absolute improvement.[80]The same group also showed that their "non-linear Monte-Carlo search wins 80% of games against the handcrafted, built-in AI".[81]

In June 2012, theReddituser "Lycerius" posted details of his decade-longCivilization IIgame,[82]since dubbed "The Eternal War". The viral story spread to many blogs and news sites. The game closely mimicked social conditions in the dystopian novelNineteen Eighty-Four,with three superpowers engaged in perpetual multiple-front total warfare.[83][84]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^A legal dispute arose following Sid Meier's departure from MicroProse and prevented the use of the full word "civilization" in the North American release. The European version used the full word.
  2. ^InElectronic Gaming Monthly'sreview, three critics gaveCivilization II9/10, another 8/10.[44]
  3. ^JoystickscoredCivilization II79% for technique, and 90% for interest.[47]

References[edit]

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External links[edit]

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