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Club de Madrid
Formation2001
HeadquartersMadrid,Spain
President
Vice Presidents
Websitewww.clubmadrid.org

Club de Madridis an independent, non-partisan,non-profit organizationcreated to promotedemocracyand change in theinternational community.It is composed of 126 regular members from 73 countries,[2]including 7Nobel Peace Prizelaureates and 20 first female heads of State or Government. Club de Madrid is the world's largest forum of formerheads of stateandgovernment.[3]

Among its main goals are the strengthening of democratic institutions and counseling on the resolution of political conflicts in two key areas: democratic leadership and governance, and response to crisis and post-crisis situations.[3]

History and actions[edit]

Club de Madrid was founded in October 2001 as a result of the Conference on Democratic Transition and Consolidation held in Madrid with the objective of creating a permanent forum for governments to consult, and "be able to access expert's opinions". The event was organized by the think tankFRIDE(Fundación para las Relaciones Internacionales y el Diálogo Exteriores).[4]

The Conference was attended by 32 current and formerheads of stateandgovernment,who discussed their ideas and conclusions with over 100 experts. Among the attendees were formerPresident of the USSRMikhaíl Gorbachov,formerCanadian Prime MinisterKim Campbell,King Juan Carlos I of Spain,former democraticPrime Ministers of SpainAdolfo Suárez,Leopoldo Calvo Sotelo,Felipe GonzálezandJosé María Aznar,formerPrime Minister of the Central African RepublicMartin Ziguele,andUS PresidentBill Clinton.[4]

Club de Madrid members at an Annual Policy Dialogue in Madrid in 2019

The Club's first Secretary General was the co-founder ofFRIDE,Antonio Álvarez-Couceiro, and its first President was formerPresident of BrasilFernando Henrique Cardoso,[5]who held that post until 2006. In 2004, formerCanadian Prime MinisterKim Campbellbecame Secretary General until 2006,[6]when the Spanish diplomat Fernando Perpiñá-Robert took the post. FormerPresident of ChileRicardo Lagoswas elected as the organization's President in 2006,[7]until 2010, when he ceded the position to formerPrime Minister of the NetherlandsWim Kok.Also in 2010,Carlos Westendorp,Spanish diplomat and politician, became Secretary General.

FormerPresident of LatviaVaira Vīķe-Freibergawas elected President of the Club in 2014. In 2016, María Elena Agüero became Secretary General[8]and, in 2019, formerPresident of SloveniaDanilo Türkwas elected President, posts they both still hold.[9]

The Club's first General Assembly was held in Madrid in October 2002 approved the organization's first Annual Policy Dialogue,[10]year-long initiatives that involve members, other organizations, and experts in working grops to formulate policy recommendations on the decided topic. The results of some Annual Policy Dialogues and other programs have been echoed and supported in national and international legislation and pacts.[11]

List of Annual Policy Dialogues
Year Topic Place
2002 Democracy[12] Palace Hotel, Madrid
2003 The Role of theIMFand its Contribution to Democratic Governance[13] Palace Hotel, Madrid
2004 Democracies in Danger: Diagnoses and Prescriptions[14] Parliament,Madrid
2005 Democracy in the Post Communist World: Unfinished Business[15] Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Prague
2005 International Summit on Democracy, Security and Terrorism[16] Madrid, Spain
2006 Challenges of Energy and Democratic Leadership[17] Palace of the Senate,Madrid
2007 Democratizing Energy: Geopolitics and Power[18] Instituto Cervantes,Madrid
2008 Leadership for Shared Societies[19] Rotterdam,Netherlands
2009 Political Dimensions of the World Economic Crisis[20] Palacio de Congresos,Madrid
2010 Reconstruction and Democratic Development: the Case of Haiti[21] Representation of theEuropean Commissionin Spain, Madrid
2011 Digital Technologies for 21st Century Democracy[22] New York,USA
2012 Asia Pacific Forum: Building a More Resilient Pacific in the 21st Century World Order[23] Papeete,Tahiti,French Polynesia
2012 Harnessing 21st Century Solutions: a Focus on Women[24] Little Rock,Arkansas,USA
2013 South Caucasus Forum[25] GanjaandBaku,Azerbaijan
2014 Societies that Work: Jobs for Inclusive Growth[26] Coolum Beach,Queensland,Australia
2014 II Global Shared Societies Forum[27] Baku, Azerbaijan
2014 Democracy and Human Rights: a Call to Action[28] Florence,Italy
2015 Preventing and Countering Violent Extremism[29] Madrid, Spain
2016 Inclusive, Sustainable and Resilient Cities in theBelt and Road Initiative[30] Guangzhou,China
2018 Education for Shared Societies[31] Lisbon,Portugal
2019 Digital Transformation and the Future of Democracy[32] Madrid, Spain
2020 Multilateralism that Delivers[33] Online
2021 Rethinking Democracy[34] Online
2022 Leading in a World of Converging Crises[35] Berlin,Germany
2023 Rethinking Social Development for People and Planet[36] Brazil

The Club de Madrid pushed for a constitutional reform inHaiti[37]and promoted the adoption of a National Pact in 2014 to reach a democratic consensus.[38]

With the onset of theCOVID-19 pandemic,Club de Madrid called for international cooperation, solidarity, and policies such as the "creation of an international fund for assistance to theGlobal Southto deal with the consequences ofCOVID-19"and supported" theIMF’s call for coordinated fiscal stimuli to mitigate against long-lasting economic damage ". The organization called on theWorld Bankto support the coordinated purchase of pandemic response equipment.[39]

Club de Madrid members at an Annual Policy Dialogue in Portugal in 2018

Club de Madrid issued a statement in support of the 2020International Day of the World's Indigenous Peoples,endorsing practices ofrestorative justiceand highlighting the cosmovision of numerous indigenous peoples towards nature.[40]Also in 2020, the organization appealed to the authorities ofBelarusto "stop detentions and the use of force against unarmed demonstrators" after thepresidential electionsin the country.[41]

Club de Madrid also condemned the 2021coup d'état in Myanmarand called for the "immediate and unconditional release of PresidentWin Myint,State CounsellorDaw Aung Sang Suu Kyi,members of government, of theNational League for Democracy(NLD) and of civil society activists who have been detained ".[42]Also in 2021, the organization and 46 of its members publicly supported the suspension of theWTO'sintellectual propertyrules towardsCOVID-19 vaccinesto make vaccination more accessible.[43]

In June 2022, the Club de Madrid called on the Tunisian PresidentKais Saiedto release the politicianHamadi Jebali.[44]Club de Madrid has also repeatedly called for the release of opposition leaderAlexei Navalnyand other political prisoners inRussia,and for the end of thewar in Ukrainethrough dialogue and diplomacy.[45]

In response to the January 8thBrazilian Congress attack,Club de Madrid condemned the event.[46]

Composition and structure[edit]

As of April 2023, there are 126 full members, all of whom are previous government officials with full voting rights. The Club also has institutional members and foundations – private and public organizations that share similar democratic objectives, includingFRIDE,the Gorbachev Foundation of North America (GFNA), both original sponsors of the founding conference in 2001,[47]theMadrid City Council,theRegional Government of Madrid,and theGovernment of Spain.[48]Additionally, there are six honorary members (e.g.Javier Solana,Aung San Suu Kyi[49]) and several fellows, who are experts on democratic change.[50]

Full members, representatives of the constituent foundations, the Secretary General of the organization, and honorary members form the General Assembly, the highest representative and governing body of Club de Madrid. The General Assembly meets at least once a year to vote on the organization's activities and reports, the proposal of new members, and the designation of the Secretary General, Board of Directors and President, among other activities.[51]

The Board of Directors manages the interests of the organization according to the directives of the General Assembly. The body is composed of the President, currentlyDanilo Türk,two Vice-Presidents, currently formerSouth Korean Prime MinisterHan Seung-sooand formerPresident of Costa RicaLaura Chinchilla,one member from each constituent foundation, the Secretary General, and up to six other members.[52]

The President represents the organization and is elected for a term of three years, renewable once. The Vice-Presidents are also elected for three years, renewable once, and they work closely with the President.[53]

Club de Madrid's Secretariat

Club de Madrid has two advisory bodies, the President's Circle, made up of individuals and organizations that support the Club's objectives, and the Advisory Committee, composed of fellows who are experts in their fields. The Secretariat, under the direction of the Secretary General, is responsible for the daily management of the Club de Madrid.[54]

Funding[edit]

Club de Madrid is anon-profitorganization and members offer their services on apro bonobasis. It relies financially on donations which are used to support a permanent Secretariat and fund specific projects. The Club's accounts are audited annually by an external organization and publicly available.[55]

The Club of Madrid Foundation Inc. (COMFI) is a grant-making foundation that has US 501(c)(3) tax exemption status. It exists to raise funds in support of the Club's charitable and educational activities. COMFI is independent and not controlled by the Club itself, but solely by a four-person Board of Directors.[56]

Members[edit]

Club de Madrid has 126 full members of which 19 are former Heads of State and/or government from Africa and the Middle East, 29 from the Americas, 16 from Asia-Pacific, and 57 from Europe.

List of current members[edit]

List of members as of July 17th 2023.[57]

Name Age Nation Party Office(s) held
Valdas Adamkus 97 Lithuania None President of Lithuania(1998–2003, 2004–2009)
Esko Aho 70 Finland Centre Prime Minister of Finland(1991–1995)
Óscar Arias 83 Costa Rica PLN President of Costa Rica(1986–1990, 2006–2010)
José María Aznar 71 Spain PP President of the Government of Spain(1996–2004)
Michelle Bachelet 72 Chile Socialist President of Chile(2006–2010, 2014–2018)
Executive Director ofUN Women(2010–2013)
United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights(2018–2022)
Jan Peter Balkenende 68 Netherlands CDA Prime Minister of the Netherlands(2002–2010)
Joyce Banda 74 Malawi People's Party President of Malawi(2012–2014)
Rupiah Banda 87 Zambia MMD President of Zambia(2008–2011)
José Manuel Barroso 68 Portugal PSD Prime Minister of Portugal(2002–2004)
President of the European Commission(2004–2014)
Carl Bildt 75 Sweden Moderate Prime Minister of Sweden(1991–1994)
High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina(1995–1997)
Valdis Birkavs 81 Latvia LC Prime Minister of Latvia(1993–1994)
Kjell Magne Bondevik 76 Norway Christian Democratic Prime Minister of Norway(1997–2000, 2001–2005)
Gordon Brown 73 United Kingdom Labour Prime Minister of the United Kingdom(2007–2010)
Gro Harlem Brundtland 85 Norway Labour Prime Minister of Norway(1981, 1986–1989, 1990–1996)
Director-General of theWorld Health Organization(1998–2003)
John Bruton 77 Ireland Fine Gael Taoiseach of Ireland(1994–1997)
EU Ambassador to the United States(2004–2009)
Jerzy Buzek 84 Poland Civic Platform Prime Minister of Poland(1997–2001)
President of the European Parliament(2009–2012)
Felipe Calderón 61 Mexico PAN President of Mexico(2006–2012)
Micheline Calmy-Rey 79 Switzerland Social Democratic Memberof theFederal Council(2003–2011)
(Presidentin 2007 and 2011)
Kim Campbell 77 Canada Progressive Conservative Prime Minister of Canada(1993)
Fernando Henrique Cardoso 93 Brazil Social Democracy President of Brazil(1995–2003)
Aníbal Cavaco Silva 85 Portugal Social Democratic Prime Minister of Portugal(1985–1995)
President of Portugal(2006–2016)
Laura Chinchilla 65 Costa Rica PLN President of Costa Rica(2010–2014)
Joaquim Chissano 84 Mozambique FRELIMO President of Mozambique(1986–2005)
Jean Chrétien 90 Canada Liberal Prime Minister of Canada(1993–2003)
Helen Clark 74 New Zealand Labour Prime Minister of New Zealand(1999–2008)
Bill Clinton 77 United States Democratic President of the United States(1993–2001)
Marie-Louise Coleiro Preca 65 Malta Labour President of Malta(2014–2019)
Dominique de Villepin 70 France RS Prime Minister of France(2005–2007)
Philip Dimitrov 69 Bulgaria SDS Prime Minister of Bulgaria(1991–1992)
Luísa Diogo 66 Mozambique FRELIMO Prime Minister of Mozambique(2004–2010)
Leonel Fernández 70 Dominican Republic PLD President of the Dominican Republic(1996–2000, 2004–2012)
José María Figueres 69 Costa Rica PLN President of Costa Rica(1994–1998)
Vigdís Finnbogadóttir 94 Iceland None President of Iceland(1980–1996)
Vicente Fox 82 Mexico PAN President of Mexico(2000–2006)
Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle 82 Chile Christian Democratic President of Chile(1994–2000)
Yasuo Fukuda 87 Japan Liberal Democratic Prime Minister of Japan(2007–2008)
César Gaviria 77 Colombia Liberal President of Colombia(1990–1994)
Secretary General of the Organization of American States(1994–2004)
Amine Pierre Gemayel 82 Lebanon Kata'eb President of Lebanon(1982–1988)
Felipe González 82 Spain PSOE President of the Government of Spain(1982–1996)
Dalia Grybauskaitė 68 Lithuania None President of Lithuania(2009–2019)
Alfred Gusenbauer 64 Austria Social Democratic Chancellor of Austria(2007–2008)
António Guterres 75 Portugal Socialist Prime Minister of Portugal(1995–2002)
UN High Commissioner for Refugees(2005–2016)
UN Secretary-General(2016–present)
Tarja Halonen 80 Finland Social Democratic President of Finland(2000–2012)
Han Seung-soo 87 South Korea Saenuri Prime Minister of South Korea(2008–2009)
François Hollande 69 France PS President of France(2012–2017)
Osvaldo Hurtado 85 Ecuador Christian Democratic President of Ecuador(1981–1984)
Hamadi Jebali 74 Tunisia Ennahdha(until 2014)

None(since 2014)

Head of Government of Tunisia(2011–2013)
Ellen Johnson Sirleaf 85 Liberia None President of Liberia(2006–2018)
Mehdi Jomaa 62 Tunisia None(until 2017)

Tunisian Alternative(since 2017)

Head of Government of Tunisia(2014–2015)
Ivo Josipović 66 Croatia SDP President of Croatia(2010–2015)
Alain Juppé 78 France UMP Prime Minister of France(1995–1997)
Horst Köhler 81 Germany Christian Democratic President of Germany(2004–2010)
Milan Kučan 83 Slovenia
Yugoslavia		 Communist(until 1990)
None(since 1990)		 President of Slovenia(1991–2002)
John Kufuor 85 Ghana NPP President of Ghana(2001–2009)
Chairman of the AU(2007–2008)
Chandrika Kumaratunga 79 Sri Lanka SLFP President of Sri Lanka(1994–2005)
Aleksander Kwaśniewski 69 Poland None(since 1995) President of Poland(1995–2005)
Luis Alberto Lacalle 83 Uruguay PN President of Uruguay(1990–1995)
Ricardo Lagos 86 Chile PPD President of Chile(2000–2006)
Zlatko Lagumdžija 68 Bosnia and Herzegovina Social Democratic Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina(2001–2002)
Lee Hong-koo 68 South Korea NKP South Korea Prime Minister of South Korea(1994–1995)
Yves Leterme 57 Belgium CD&V Prime Minister of Belgium(2009–2011)
Enrico Letta 57 Italy PD Prime Minister of Italy(2013–2014)
Doris Leuthard 61 Switzerland CVP/PDC/PPD/PCD Memberof theFederal Council(2006–2018)
(Presidentin 2010 and 2017)
Thabo Mbeki 82 South Africa ANC President of South Africa(1999–2008)
Rexhep Meidani 79 Albania Socialist President of Albania(1997–2002)
Carlos Mesa 70 Bolivia FRI President of Bolivia(2003–2005)
James Michel 79 Seychelles US President of Seychelles(2004–2016)
Festus Mogae 84 Botswana BDP President of Botswana(1998–2008)
Mario Monti 81 Italy None Prime Minister of Italy(2011–2013)
Olusegun Obasanjo 87 Nigeria PDP Head of the Federal Military Government of Nigeria(1976–1979)
President of Nigeria(1999–2007)
Roza Otunbayeva 73 Kyrgyzstan Social Democratic(2007–2010) President of Kyrgyzstan(2010–2011)
Anand Panyarachun 91 Thailand None Prime Minister of Thailand(1991–1992)
George Papandreou 72 Greece Socialist Prime Minister of Greece(2009–2011)
Andrés Pastrana 69 Colombia Conservative President of Colombia(1998–2002)
Pratibha Patil 89 India INC President of India(2007–2012)
P.J. Patterson 89 Jamaica PNP(until 2011) Prime Minister of Jamaica(1992–2006)
Romano Prodi 84 Italy Democratic President of the European Commission(1999–2004)
President of the Council of Ministers of Italy(1996–1998, 2006–2008)
Punsalmaagiin Ochirbat 82 Mongolia None President of Mongolia(1990–1997)
Jorge Quiroga 64 Bolivia PODEMOS President of Bolivia(2001–2002)
Iveta Radičová 67 Slovakia SDKÚ-DS
(2006–2012)		 Prime Minister of Slovakia(2010–2012)
Mariano Rajoy 69 Spain PP President of the Government of Spain(2011–2018)
José Manuel Ramos-Horta 74 East Timor None Prime Minister of East Timor(2006–2007)
President of East Timor(2007–2012)
Poul Nyrup Rasmussen 81 Denmark Social Democrats Prime Minister of Denmark(1993–2001)
Mary Robinson 80 Ireland None President of Ireland(1990–97)
UN High Commissioner for Human Rights(1997–2002)
José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero 63 Spain PSOE President of the Government of Spain(2004–2011)
Petre Roman 77 Romania FSN(1989–1991) Prime Minister of Romania(1989–1991)
Kevin Rudd 66 Australia ALP Prime Minister of Australia(2007–2010, 2013)
Julio María Sanguinetti 88 Uruguay PC President of Uruguay(1985–1990, 1995–2000)
Wolfgang Schüssel 79 Austria ÖVP Chancellor of Austria(2000–2007)
Jenny Shipley 72 New Zealand National Prime Minister of New Zealand(1997–1999)
Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir 81 Iceland Social Democratic Alliance Prime Minister of Iceland(2009–2013)
Fuad Siniora 81 Lebanon FM Prime Minister of Lebanon(2005–2009)
Alexander Stubb 56 Finland NCP Prime Minister of Finland(2014–2015)
Hanna Suchocka 78 Poland UD Prime Minister of Poland(1992–1993)
Boris Tadić 66 Serbia Social Democratic President of Serbia(2004–2012)
Jigme Thinley 71 Bhutan DPT Prime Minister of Bhutan(2008–2013)
Helle Thorning-Schmidt 57 Denmark Social Democrats Prime Minister of Denmark(2011–2015)
Martín Torrijos 60 Panama PRD President of Panama(2004–2009)
Aminata Touré 61 Senegal APR Prime Minister of Senegal(2013–2014)
Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj 61 Mongolia Democratic Party Prime Minister of Mongolia(2004–2006)
President of Mongolia(2009–2017)
Danilo Türk 72 Slovenia None President of Slovenia(2007–2012)
Cassam Uteem 83 Mauritius MMM President of Mauritius(1992–2002)
Herman Van Rompuy 76 Belgium CD&V Prime Minister of Belgium(2008–2009)
President of the European Council(2009–2014)
Guy Verhofstadt 71 Belgium VLD Prime Minister of Belgium(1999–2008)
Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga 86 Latvia None President of Latvia(1999–2007)
Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono 74 Indonesia Democratic Party President of Indonesia(2004–2014)
Ernesto Zedillo 72 Mexico PRI President of Mexico(1994–2000)
Moussa Mara 48 Mali Change Party Prime Minister of Mali(2014-2015)
Hilda Heine 72 Marshall Islands Independent President of the Marshall Islands(2016-2020)
Ram Nath Kovind 77 India BJP President of India(2017–2022)
Carlos Alvarado 43 Costa Rica Citizens' Action Party President of Costa Rica(2018-2022)
Mauricio Macri 64 Argentina Republican Proposal President of Argentina(2015-2019)
Francisco Sagasti 78 Peru Purple Party President of Peru(2020-2021)
Joachim Gauck 83 Germany Independent President of Germany(2012-2017)
Jean-Claude Juncker 68 Luxembourg Christian Social People's Party Prime Minister of Luxembourg(1995-2013)

President of the European Commission(2014-2019)

Stefan Löfven 65 Sweden Social Democratic Party Prime Minister of Sweden(2014-2021)
Viktor Yushchenko 69 Ukraine Our Ukraine President of Ukraine(2005-2010)
Valdis Zatlers 68 Latvia Reform Party President of Latvia (2007-2011)

List of secretaries-general[edit]

Name Start End Nation Party Office(s) held
Antonio Álvarez-Couceiro 2002 2004 Spain Co-founder ofFRIDE
Kim Campbell 2004 2006 Canada Conservative Party Minister of National Defence(1993)

Minister of Veterans Affairs(1993) Minister of Justice and Attorney General(1993) Minister of State (Indian Affairs and Northern Development)(1993) Prime Minister of Canada(1993)

Fernando Perpiñá-Robert 2006 2010[58] Spain Spanish diplomat
Carlos Westendorp 2010[58] 2016 Spain PSOE Minister of Foreign Affairs(1995-1996)
María Elena Agüero 2016 Present

List of honorary members[edit]

Name Age Nation Party Office(s) held
Aung San Suu Kyi 79 Myanmar NLD State Counsellor of Myanmar(2016–2021)
Ban Ki-moon 80 South Korea None Secretary-General of the United Nations(2007–2016)
Jimmy Carter 99 United States Democratic President of the United States(1977–81)
Enrique V. Iglesias 94 Uruguay
Spain		 (unknown) President of theInter-American Development Bank(1998–2005)
Secretary General of theIberoamerican General Secretariat(2005–13)
Javier Solana 82 Spain Socialist Secretary General ofNATO(1995–99) andHigh Representative of the EU for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy(1999–2009)
José Ángel Gurria 73 Mexico PRI Secretary General of OECD(2006-2021)
Juan Somavia 82 Chile None Director of theInternational Labour Organization(1999-2012)

List of members of the constituent foundations[edit]

Name Age Nation Party Office(s) held
Diego Hidalgo 81 Spain (unknown) Founder and President of, and donor to, Fundación para las Relaciones Internacionales y el Diálogo Exterior (FRIDE)
Founding Member and Senior Fellow of theGorbachev Foundation of North America(GFNA)[59]
T. Anthony Jones (unknown) (unknown) (unknown) Vice-president and executive director of GFNA[60]
George Matthews (unknown) United States (unknown) Chairman and co-founder of GFNA[61]
José Manuel Romero Moreno 83 Spain (unknown) Vice President of FRIDE[62]
Cristina Manzano Spain Director of EsGlobal

Member of FRIDE[63]

List of former members (deceased)[edit]

Name Died Nation Party Office(s) held
Sebastián Piñera 20210910February 6, 2024(2024-02-06)(aged 74) Chile None President of Chile(2010–2014; 2018–2022)
Jacques Delors 20210910December 27, 2023(2023-12-27)(aged 98) France Socialist President of the European Commission(1985-1995)
Fidel V. Ramos 20220731July 31, 2022 (aged 94) Philippines Lakas President of the Philippines(1992–1998)
Jorge Sampaio 20210910September 10, 2021(2021-09-10)(aged 81) Portugal Socialist President of Portugal(1996–2006)
Òscar Ribas Reig 20201218December 18, 2020(2020-12-18)(aged 84) Andorra AND Prime Minister of Andorra(1990–1994)
Tabaré Vázquez 20201206December 6, 2020(2020-12-06)(aged 80) Uruguay PS President of Uruguay(2005–2010, 2015–2020)
Sadiq al-Mahdi 20201126November 26, 2020(2020-11-26)(aged 84) Sudan Umma Prime Minister of Sudan(1966–1967, 1986–1989)
Benjamin Mkapa 20200724July 24, 2020(2020-07-24)(aged 81) Tanzania CCM President of Tanzania(1995–2005)
Abdurrahim El-Keib 20200421April 21, 2020(2020-04-21)(aged 70) Libya None ActingPrime Minister of Libya(2011–2012)
Javier Pérez de Cuéllar 20200304March 4, 2020(2020-03-04)(aged 100) Peru UPP Secretary-General of the United Nations(1982–1991)
President of the Council of Ministers of Peru(2000–2001)
Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie 20190911September 11, 2019(2019-09-11)(aged 83) Indonesia Golkar President of Indonesia(1998–1999)
Belisario Betancur 20181207December 7, 2018(2018-12-07)(aged 95) Colombia Conservative President of Colombia(1982–1986)
Wim Kok 20181020October 20, 2018(2018-10-20)(aged 80) Netherlands Labour Prime Minister of the Netherlands(1994–2002)
Kofi Annan 20180818August 18, 2018(2018-08-18)(aged 80) Ghana None Secretary-General of the United Nations(1997–2006)
Álvaro Arzú 20180427April 27, 2018(2018-04-27)(aged 72) Guatemala Unionist President of Guatemala(1996–2000)
Mayor of Guatemala City (2004–2018)
Ruud Lubbers 20180214February 14, 2018(2018-02-14)(aged 78) Netherlands Christian Democratic Prime Minister of the Netherlands(1982–1994)
UN High Commissioner for Refugees(2001–2005)
Quett Masire 20170622June 22, 2017(2017-06-22)(aged 91) Botswana BDP President of Botswana(1980–1998)
Helmut Kohl 20170616June 16, 2017(2017-06-16)(aged 87) Germany
West Germany		 Christian Democratic Chancellor of West Germany(1982–1990)
Chancellor of Germany(1990–1998)
James Mancham 20170108January 8, 2017(2017-01-08)(aged 77) Seychelles Democratic President of Seychelles(1976–1977)
Mário Soares 20170107January 7, 2017(2017-01-07)(aged 92) Portugal Socialist Prime Minister of Portugal(1976–1978, 1983–1985)
President of Portugal(1986–1996)
António Mascarenhas Monteiro 20160916September 16, 2016(2016-09-16)(aged 72) Cape Verde MPD President of Cape Verde(1991–2001)
Patricio Aylwin 20160419April 19, 2016(2016-04-19)(aged 87) Chile PDC President of Chile(1990–1994)
Abd Al-Karim Al-Iryani 20151108November 8, 2015(2015-11-08)(aged 81) Yemen
North Yemen		 GPC Prime Minister of North Yemen(1980–1983)
Prime Minister of Yemen(1998–2001)
Adolfo Suárez 20140323March 23, 2014(2014-03-23)(aged 81) Spain
 MN(until 1977)
UCD(1977–82)		 President of the Government of Spain(1976–81)
Tadeusz Mazowiecki 20131028October 28, 2013(2013-10-28)(aged 86) Poland
PR Poland		 KO "S"(1980–91)
UD(1991–94)		 Prime Minister of Poland(1989–91)
Inder Kumar Gujral 20121130November 30, 2012(2012-11-30)(aged 92) India JD Prime Minister of India(1997–98)
Václav Havel 20111218December 18, 2011(2011-12-18)(aged 75) Czech Republic
Czechoslovakia		 OF(1989–93)
None(1993–2004)		 President of Czechoslovakia(1989–92)
President of the Czech Republic(1993–2003)
Ferenc Mádl 20110529May 29, 2011(2011-05-29)(aged 80) Hungary None President of Hungary(2000–05)
Raúl Alfonsín 20090331March 31, 2009(2009-03-31)(aged 82) Argentina UCR President of Argentina(1983–89)
Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo 20080503May 3, 2008(2008-05-03)(aged 82) Spain UCD President of the Government of Spain(1981–82)
Lennart Meri 20060314March 14, 2006(2006-03-14)(aged 76) Estonia
Soviet Union		 Isamaa(since 1992) President of Estonia(1992–2001)
Valentín Paniagua 20061016October 16, 2006(2006-10-16)(aged 70) Peru AC President of Peru(2000–01)

See also[edit]

References[edit]

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  42. ^Club de Madrid (2021-02-04)."Club de Madrid strongly condemns coup d'etat in Myanmar".Club de Madrid.Retrieved2023-06-28.
  43. ^Club de Madrid (2021-04-14)."Former heads of state and Nobel laureates call on President Biden to waive intellectual property rules for COVID vaccines".Club de Madrid.Retrieved2023-06-28.
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  45. ^Club de Madrid (2023-02-24)."One year standing with Ukraine".Club de Madrid.Retrieved2023-06-28.
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External links[edit]

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