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Cobham, Surrey

Coordinates:51°19′44″N0°24′32″W/ 51.329°N 0.409°W/51.329; -0.409
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Not to be confused withCobham, KentorChobham.

Cobham
Village
Street off the High Street leading to theparish church
Cobham is located in Surrey
Cobham
Cobham
Location withinSurrey
Area8.29 km2(3.20 sq mi)
Population9,739 (2011 census)[1]or 17,273 as Built-up Area includingOxshott[2]
•Density1,175/km2(3,040/sq mi)
OS grid referenceTQ1160
•London17 mi (27 km)
Civil parish
  • n/a
District
Shire county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townCobham
Postcode districtKT11
Dialling code01932
PoliceSurrey
FireSurrey
AmbulanceSouth East Coast
UK Parliament
List of places
UK
England
Surrey
51°19′44″N0°24′32″W/ 51.329°N 0.409°W/51.329; -0.409

Cobham(/ˈkɒbəm/) is a village in theBorough of ElmbridgeinSurrey,England, centred 17 miles (27 km) south-west of London[3]and 10 miles (16 km) northeast ofGuildfordon theRiver Mole.It has a commercial/servicesHigh Street,a significant number of primary and private schools and thePainshill landscape park.

Toponymy

[edit]

Cobham appears inDomesday Bookof 1086 asCovenhamand in 13th century copies of earlier charters asCoveham.It is recorded asCobbehamandCobehamin the 15th century and the first use of the modern spelling "Cobham" is from 1570.[4]The name is thought to derive from an Anglo-Saxon landowner either asCofa's hāmorCofa's hamm.The second part of the name may have originated from theOld Englishhāmmeaning a settlement or enclosure,[5]or fromhammmeaning land close to water.[6][7]

The area of the village known as Cobham Tilt, is first recorded asla Tilthein 1328. The name is thought to derive from the Old EnglishTilthe,meaning "cultivated land".[8]

History

[edit]
St Andrew's Church

Cobham is an ancient settlement whose origins can be traced back on the ground throughRomantimes to theIron Age.It lay within theElmbridgehundred.

Cobham appears inDomesday BookasCovenhamand was held byChertsey Abbey.Its Domesday assets were: 12½hides;3millsworth 13s 4d, 10ploughs,1 alike unit ofmeadow,woodlandworth 40hogs.It rendered altogether £14 per year to itsfeudal systemoverlords.[9]

Historically, Cobham other than outlying farms comprised two developed areas, Street Cobham and Church Cobham. The former lay on the Portsmouth-London Road, and the building now known as the Cobham Exchange was once a coaching inn. The latter grew up around St Andrew's Church, which dates from the 12th century. Although much altered and extended in the 19th century, the church preserves aNormantower and is a Grade Ilisted building(the highest architectural category).[10][11]

In 1649, theDiggersestablished a new community atLittle Heathfollowing their expulsion from nearbySt George's Hill,Weybridge.The community met some success, with 11 acres (4.5 ha) cultivated, six houses built, winter crops harvested, and several pamphlets published. The local lord, of the manor, ParsonJohn Platt,despite initial sympathy, rallied gangs to attack the community and prevent locals in assisting them. Platt and local landowners drove the community out in April 1650.[12]

The village's population was reported as 1617 inhabitants in 1848.[13]The arrival of the railway in the 1880s led to the expansion of the original village, the eastern fields and southern areas towards the railway station becoming suburbanised during the 20th century. A 1960s improvements scheme widened the entrance to the High Street from River Hill to the south which was very narrow, removing a few historic and picturesque buildings, replacing some with less ornate brickwork glass-fronted buildings suitable as shops. Subsequently, the High Street has developed into a local shopping centre.

In 1951 thecivil parishhad a population of 7885.[14]On 1 April 1974 the parish was abolished.[15]

Aviation and motor industries

[edit]
A 1936 Railton Straight Eight. Altogether 1379 of the Railton 8s were made.[16]

Cobham is 2.5 miles (4.0 km) fromBrooklandsand played host to associated and its own aviation and motoring activity in the 20th century. Leading motor engineer and car designersReid RailtonandNoel Macklinset up a manufacturing facility, buildingRailton road carsat the Fairmile Works from 1933 to 1940. An example is displayed atBrooklands Museumin the same borough.

InWorld War II,after a major aircraft factory,Vickers-Armstrongs,at Brooklands was bombed by the Luftwaffe on 4 September 1940, with heavy loss of life and many more injured, the Vickers Experimental Department was quickly dispersed to secret premises on the Silvermere and Foxwarren Park estates along Redhill Road. Engineer and inventorBarnes Wallisalso carried out important trials catapulting models of his 'Upkeep'bouncing bombacross Silvermere Lake around 1942 and conducted spinning trials with larger prototypes at 'Depot W46' (the largest of the three dispersed sites). Vickers had numerous other wartime dispersed depots locally and those within the boundaries or whose nearest village was Cobham included Corbie Wood and Riseholme (on Seven Hills Road), Conway Cottage and Norwood Farm.

Despite its proximity to Brooklands and Wisley airfields (both active until the early 1970s), Cobham saw relatively few aircraft crashes. Most notable was a Lockheed P-38 Lightning fighter which flew low over Brooklands apparently in trouble and crashed at Cobham on 16 March 1944; the pilot survived and little else was published of this incident.

During World War II aircraft companyAirspeed Ltdset up a design office at Fairmile Manor which designed the civil aircraft theAirspeed Ambassadorbefore moving back to Portsmouth in the late 1940s.[17]

After the war, Vickers' Experimental Department continued to use two of the Redhill Road sites (now known as 'Foxwarren') and built aircraft prototypes there such as theViscountairliner andValiantV-bomber, until it moved back to the main factory at Brooklands in the late 1950s.

In the 1970s residents Mike Chambers ran a business building Huron Formula Fords and a Formula Atlantic car at the Silvermere works and Geoff Uren prepared the BMW team saloon cars andGraham Hill's Jägermeister-sponsored Formula 2 car.

From 1972 to 2011 Cobham Bus Museum occupied an ex-aircraft hangar (used mainly by Vickers-Armstrongs as a machine shop) next to Silvermere golf course in Redhill Road. The bus museum reopened as theLondon bus museumatBrooklands Museumon 1 August 2011. The former premises have been replaced by a care home.

Geography

[edit]

Boundaries

[edit]

Cobham fits into a triangle between the River Mole to the south, theA3to the north and a borderline for the most part on the nearside of the(New) London to Guildford railway lineto the southeast – directly west ofOxshott.On the southern border is the historic village,Stoke D'Abernon,part of the smallpost town,which gives its name to the railway station between the two areas on the line mentioned:Cobham & Stoke D'Abernon.

Other

[edit]
Soil

The village neighbourhoods ofDownside(south) andFairmile(east). The longstanding built-up areas resemble the adjacent fertile east banks of the Mole such as at landscape garden Painshill Park on free-draining gravel topped with layers ofalluvium.This contrasts with the steep west bank, acidic sandyheath,which underlies the highest land on all the outskirts, residual outcrops of theBagshot Sands (Formation).These isolate Cobham village historically,Esher Commons,Oxshott Heath and Woodsand the Redhill Common part ofOckham and Wisley Commons.[18]

Elevation

Watershed points, or in international termsdrainage divides,are at the summits of the sides of the lower Mole Valley, attaining 60 metres (200 ft) and 65 metres (213 ft) towards the east close toOxshottand Stoke D'Abernon respectively.

TheRiver Moleruns through Cobham, with a visitor area and well-surfaced path by the mill in the High Street, dividing the remaining agricultural parts of Cobham in the west and south. Elevation reaches a minimum here of 20 metres (66 ft)above sea level.[19][20]

Demography

Cobham used to have twowards;the Cobham Fairmile ward has a population of 4,760[21]neighbouring Cobham and Downside has a population of 6,158.[22]Cobham Fairmile ward has been abolished and is now part of the Oxshott and Stoke d'Abernon Ward.

Landmarks

[edit]
Cedar House

At the heart of Cobham is the Church Cobham Conservation Area, which was designated in 1973 and includes fourteen statutory listed buildings. Amongst these are Pyports, once the home ofVernon Lushington;the picturesque Church Stile House; and two fine houses overlooking theRiver Mole:Ham Manor and Cedar House, the latter owned by theNational Trust.[23][24][25][26]

TheCobham Parkestate was the home ofJohn Ligonier, 1st Earl Ligonier,onceHead of the Armed Forces.In 1806, the estate was bought byHarvey Christian Combe,a brewer andLord Mayor of London.The present house was completed in 1873 by his nephew, Charles Combe, to a design byEdward Middleton Barry:[27]It has now been divided into apartments.Painshill Parkis a fine 18th-century landscape garden, restored from dereliction since 1980. Painshill House dates from the 18th century and has also been divided into apartments.[28]

Two other large houses on the outskirts of Cobham have been taken over by schools: Heywood is now theAmerican Community School,and Burwood House is nowNotre Dame School.[29][30]

The Chelsea F.C. training groundis also nearby.

Cobham Mill

[edit]
Cobham Mill

TheRiver Moleprovides a setting for the red brick water mill, constructed in the late 18th century and once part of a much larger complex.[31][32]It stands on the site of earlier mills dating back to theMiddle Ages.The mill was in use until 1928, when it became uneconomical to continue operating. Thereafter it was used as a storehouse.

DuringWorld War II,a Canadian tank collided with the main building, causing much damage.[33]

In 1953 the main part of the mill was demolished bySurrey County Councilto alleviate traffic congestion on Mill Road. This left just the grist mill standing.

Cobham Mill, June 2005

In 1973 the Cobham Conservation Group was formed, later to become the Cobham Conservation and Heritage Trust, and one of its main objectives was to rescue the much deteriorated grist mill building from sliding into the river as a result of water erosion of the mill island. In 1986 the freehold of the mill was taken over by theThames Water Authoritywho, as part of their flood control expenditure rebuilt the weirs nearby. They also recognised that the mill wasGrade II listedand shored up the mill's foundations.[citation needed]

Thereafter, the Cobham Mill Preservation Trust was formed as a sister organisation to the Cobham Conservation Group and took over the leasehold. The building was restored to full working order by the volunteers of the Cobham Mill Preservation Trust, and first opened to the public in 1993. Cobham Mill is now open to the public from 2 pm to 5 pm on the second Sunday of each month between April and October, inclusive.[34]

Education

[edit]

St Andrew's Primary School[35]is located in the village as isCobham Free Schoolwhich is an all-through school.[36]A local prep school isFeltonfleet School.There are three independent schools:Notre Dame;ACS (The American Community Schools) Cobham InternationalandReed's School.[37]

Local leisure and entertainment

[edit]

Painshill Parkis nearby and Silvermere golf course is located in Redhill Road on the north side of the A3. Cobham has four football clubs:Cobham F.C.,Mole Valley SCR F.C.,Cobham United Football Club and Cobham Town FC (formed 2007). Cobham also has a cricket club, Cobham Avorians, formed in 1928. Avorians was named after its founder, local landowner Edward James Avory, and originally played at the Fairmile Estate before re-locating to Convent Lane on the Burwood Estate in 1948.Cobham Rugby Football Clubhas four teams which play regularly, as well as youth and mini sections.[38]There is Cobham Village Club and a branch of theRoyal British Legion.Cobham Players[39]regularly present plays, musicals, pantomimes and other entertainments in Cobham.

Walton Firs Activity Centre lies just off the A3 in Cobham and covers 28 acres. It takes its name from Colonel Walton, who dealt with the purchase of the site in 1939.[40]It was used by a Royal Artilleryanti-aircraftbattery duringWorld War IIand in peacetime returned to use as a Scout camp site. During the 1990s some 3,000 additional trees were planted, and more recently an all-weather barn and an artificial, but realistic, caving complex have been added.

Politics

[edit]

Parliament and local

[edit]

TheMember of Parliament(MP) isConservativeBen Spencer,elected in 2019 as the successor toDominic Raab[41]

In local government Cobham is part ofElmbridge Borough CouncilandSurrey County Council.Until 2016, Cobham was divided into two wards, Cobham Fairmile[42]and Cobham & Downside[43]for Elmbridge voting. Following boundary changes in 2016, Cobham was divided between a newly drawn Cobham and downside ward and an expanded Oxshott & Stoke d'Abernon ward, with the Fairmile name disappearing. There are six councillors covering the two new wards, 4 Conservative and 2 Liberal Democrat as from May 2023. Cobham councillor James Browne was Leader of Elmbridge Borough Council in 2019. For Surrey County voting, Cobham is paired withStoke d'Abernon.

Cobham has many old buildings, conservation areas and housing development pressures. It has a very active Heritage Trust,[44]re-formed in 2007, and a lower-profile Residents Association.[45]Unlike neighbouring areas in Elmbridge, Residents and amenity groups[46]do not contest local elections in Cobham; occasionally independents have stood, such as in a 2007 by-election. The only non-Conservative elected was a Liberal/Focus councillor, Mike King in 1984 in the Fairmile ward,[47]which includes some high density social and private housing beside theA3,as well upmarket private estates. Cobham and Downside ward includes the village centre, private estates off theA245Stoke Road, semi-ruralDownsideand Hatchford, Ockham south of theM25.Since a by election in July 2021, the Liberal Democrats have taken 2 out of the 3 Cobham seats on Elmbridge B.C.

Since the 2013 Surrey County election, the local Member for Cobham is Conservative, Mrs Mary Lewis who serves as Cabinet member for Children, Young People and Families. A Cobham & Downside member onElmbridge,Mike Bennison since 2005 also represents the next 3 stops up the line to LondonOxshottClaygateandHinchley WoodonSurrey County Council.

British Army

[edit]

Following the formation of theTerritorial Forcein 1908, the village for recruiting, was granted to the 6th Battalion,The East Surrey Regimentwhich maintained a platoon from A Company. The village also maintained the "Sandyroyd School Troops of Scouts".[48]

[edit]

To the north and west of the village is theA3trunk road, a major arterial route from London toPortsmouth.This road links to theM25 motorwayat Junction 10, immediately to the southwest of Cobham.

  • TheA307,Portsmouth Road starts in Cobham and runs northwards to the adjoining town ofEsher.This is also known as the "old A3".
  • TheA245runs through the centre of the town and leads toLeatherheadin the south-east andByfleetto the west.

Cobham & Stoke d'Abernon railway station,opened in 1885, is on theNew Guildford linefromLondon Waterloo.

Police and fire services

[edit]

The closest public desk and offices of Surrey Police is at the Civic Offices, Elmbridge Borough Council, in Esher.

Surrey Fire & Rescue Service,called Painshill Fire Station, has a full-time day crew together with:

  • 1 water tender ladder
  • 1 incident command unit
  • 1HIABUnimog
  • 1 Multi-role vehicle (MRV)

Notable people

[edit]

Demography and housing

[edit]
2011 census homes
Output area Detached Semi-detached Terraced Flats and apartments Caravans/temporary/mobile homes Shared between households[1]
Cobham Fairmile (ward) 792 366 274 262 1 2
Centre and south[n 1] 1,157 687 401 507 4 2

The average level of accommodation in the region composed of detached houses was 28%, the average that was apartments was 22.6%.

Output area Population Households % Owned outright % Owned with a loan hectares[1]
Cobham Fairmile (ward) 4,751 1,697 34 32 553
Centre and south 4,988 2,047 40 31 276

The proportion of households in the settlement who owned their home outright compares to the regional average of 35.1%. The proportion who owned their home with a loan compares to the regional average of 32.5%. The remaining % is made up of rented dwellings (plus a negligible % of households living rent-free).

In film, fiction and the media

[edit]

The Cobham News & Mail covered local news in the latter part of the 20th century until it closed and was incorporated into the Surrey Advertiser.[67]Cobham is also covered by theElmbridge Guardian,the Surrey Herald and theSurrey Cometnewspapers.

Nearest places

[edit]

Notes

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  1. ^Cobham and Downside (ward) less Elmbridge 017C

References

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  1. ^abcBy convention, Cobham is not deemed to include any longer the village ofDownside, Surreywhich would otherwise cover in total 17.12 km2Key Statistics; Quick Statistics: Population DensityArchived11 February 2003 at theWayback MachineUnited Kingdom Census 2011Office for National StatisticsRetrieved 21 November 2013
  2. ^UK Census(2011)."Local Area Report – Cobham (Elmbridge) BUA Built-up area sub division (1119882466)".Nomis.Office for National Statistics.Retrieved24 August2020.
  3. ^Grid Reference Finderdistance tools
  4. ^Gover, Mawer & Stenton 1969,p. 87
  5. ^Mills 2003,p. 124
  6. ^Taylor 2003,p. 1
  7. ^"Cobham, Surrey".Key to English Place-names.University of Nottingham.Retrieved15 December2021.
  8. ^Gover, Mawer & Stenton 1969,p. 89
  9. ^"Doomsday Sudrie (Surry)".Surrey Domesday Book. Archived fromthe originalon 23 December 2004.Retrieved2 July2010.
  10. ^"St. Andrew's Church".britishlistedbuildings.Retrieved7 November2011.
  11. ^abc"Victoria County History".British History Online.Retrieved8 November2011.
  12. ^"Little Heath – Surrey Diggers Trail".www.diggerstrail.org.uk.Archived fromthe originalon 13 August 2020.Retrieved15 January2020.
  13. ^"A Topological Dictionary of England".
  14. ^"Population statistics Cobham CP/AP through time".A Vision of Britain through Time.Retrieved27 April2024.
  15. ^"Surrey Mid-Eastern Registration District".UKBMD.Retrieved27 April2024.
  16. ^Sedgwick, M. (1989).A-Z of Cars of the 1930s.Devon, UK: Bay View Books.ISBN1-870979-38-9.
  17. ^Boot, Roy.From Spitfire to Eurofighter: 45 years of Combat Aircraft Design.Pp 25–26. Shrewsbury, England: AirLife Publishing, 1990.ISBN1-85310-093-5.
  18. ^"Soilscapes soil types viewer – National Soil Resources Institute. Cranfield University".landis.org.uk.
  19. ^Grid square mapOrdnance surveywebsite Retrieved 2013-10-13
  20. ^Cobham Conservation & Heritage Trust (Improvements at River Hill, Cobham) Flood Risk AssessmentArchived16 October 2013 at theWayback MachineBell Fischer Retrieved 2013-10-13
  21. ^"Census data – Area: Cobham Fairmile (Ward) – Key Figures for 2001 Census".Office for National Statistics.Retrieved2 July2010.
  22. ^"Census data – Area: Cobham and Downside (Ward) – Key Figures for 2001 Census".Office for National Statistics.Retrieved2 July2010.
  23. ^"Pyports".britishlistedbuildings.Retrieved7 November2011.
  24. ^"Church Stile House".britishlistedbuildings.Retrieved7 November2011.
  25. ^"Ham Manor".britishlistedbuildings.Retrieved7 November2011.
  26. ^"Cedar House".britishlistedbuildings.Retrieved7 November2011.
  27. ^"Cobham Park".britishlistedbuildings.Retrieved7 November2011.
  28. ^"Painshill House".britishlistedbuildings.Retrieved7 November2011.
  29. ^"Heywood".britishlistedbuildings.Retrieved8 November2011.
  30. ^"Notre Dame School".britishlistedbuildings.Retrieved8 November2011.
  31. ^Historic England."Cobham Mill (1190885)".National Heritage List for England.Retrieved2 October2015.
  32. ^"Cobham Mill".britishlistedbuildings.Retrieved7 November2011.
  33. ^Cobham Mill – A Brief History,Cobham Mill Preservation Trust,https://www.cobhammill.org.uk/history-of-the-mill/
  34. ^"Cobham Mill – Home".cobhammill.org.uk.
  35. ^"Welcome to St Andrew's Primary School".St Andrew’s Primary School.Retrieved2 July2010.
  36. ^"Home".
  37. ^"Home-Whats on-news".Reed's School.Retrieved2 July2010.
  38. ^"Welcome to Cobham Rugby".Cobham Rugby Club.Retrieved2 July2010.
  39. ^"Cobham Players-presenting plays since 1948".cobhamplayers.org.uk.Retrieved2 July2010.
  40. ^"History".Walton Firs.Retrieved29 March2023.
  41. ^"Runnymede and Webridge results".BBC News.Retrieved14 July2024.
  42. ^"Ward Members".Elmbridge Borough Council. Archived fromthe originalon 23 December 2010.Retrieved2 July2010.
  43. ^"Ward Members".Elmbridge Borough Council. Archived fromthe originalon 27 September 2011.Retrieved2 July2010.
  44. ^"Latest news".Cobham Conservative and Heritage Trust.Retrieved2 July2010.
  45. ^"Welcome to the CDRA".Coham and Downside Residents Association.Retrieved2 July2010.
  46. ^"News and events".Elmsbridge residents group. Archived fromthe originalon 15 July 2011.Retrieved2 July2010.
  47. ^"Welcome to Esher and Walton Lib Dems' website".Libdems.org. Archived fromthe originalon 24 April 2006.Retrieved2 July2010.
  48. ^Westlake, Ray. (2011).The Territorials: 1908–1914: a guide for military and family historians.Barnsley, South Yorkshire. pp. 19, 50, and 119.ISBN9781848843608.OCLC780443267.{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  49. ^Gleason, Alexander (12 December 1998)."John Addison".The Independent.London.Retrieved8 November2011.
  50. ^"Matthew Arnold".Representative Poetry Online. Archived fromthe originalon 11 January 2012.Retrieved8 November2011.
  51. ^"Malcolm Arbuthnot".kittybrewster.com. Archived from the original on 25 August 2006.Retrieved7 November2011.{{cite web}}:CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  52. ^"Felix Aylmer".Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.2004.doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/30776.Retrieved8 November2011.
  53. ^"Why Antonio Banderas ditched Hollywood for Cobham".London:Sky News.9 August 2019.Retrieved9 January2020.
  54. ^"Thomas William Brotherton".Esher District Local History Society. Archived fromthe originalon 22 January 2012.Retrieved8 November2011.
  55. ^Bedell, Geraldine (4 April 2004)."Mormon becomes electric".The Guardian.London.Retrieved8 November2011.
  56. ^"Harold B. Hudson".theaerodrome.com.Retrieved8 November2011.
  57. ^Gunasena, Diana (September 1982). "Nicholas Lane, Seventeenth Century Land Surveyor and Cartographer".The Wandsworth Historian(34). Wandsworth Historical Society: 1–8.
  58. ^Gunasena, Diana (Spring 2007). "The Nicholas Lane Family Dynasty".The Wandsworth Historian(84). Wandsworth Historical Society: 1–5.
  59. ^"Vernon Lushington".cobhamvillage.co.uk.Retrieved8 November2011.
  60. ^Williams, Richard (20 April 2023)."Kenneth McAlpine".The Guardian.Retrieved24 June2023.
  61. ^"Moore Tomb".britishlistedbuildings.Retrieved8 November2011.
  62. ^"Percy, Henry Hugh Manvers".Dictionary of National Biography.London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.
  63. ^Gwyther, Matthew (15 July 2000)."Sir Thomas Sopwith".The Daily Telegraph.London. Archived fromthe originalon 9 April 2013.Retrieved9 November2011.
  64. ^"Fred Stedman".CricketArchive.Retrieved7 November2011.
  65. ^"Gerrard Winstanley".The Digger Archives.Retrieved8 November2011.
  66. ^Maxine Boersma (1 July 2016)."RHS Head: 'Why Britain faces a horticultural timebomb'".The Guardian.
  67. ^"Esher and Elmbridge".Cobham News & Mail.Retrieved2 July2010.

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Boot, Roy (1990).From Spitfire to Eurofighter: 45 years of combat aircraft design.Shrewsbury: AirLife Publishing.ISBN978-1-85-310093-2.
  • Gover, J.E.B.;Mawer, A.;Stenton, F.M.(1969).The place-names of Surrey.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Mills, A.D. (2003).Oxford Dictionary of British Place Names.Oxford: Oxford University Press.ISBN978-0-19-852758-9.
  • Sedgwick, Michael; Gillies, Mark (1989).A-Z of Cars of the 1930s.Devon: Bay View Books.ISBN978-1-87-097938-2.
  • Taylor, David C. (2003).Cobham: A history.Chichester: Philimore.ISBN978-1-86-077247-4.
  • Westlake, Ray (2011).The Territorials: 1908–1914: A guide for military and family historians.Barnsley: Pen and Sword.ISBN978-1-84-884360-8.OCLC780443267.
[edit]
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