Jump to content

Colonel Sanders

Page semi-protected
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the American businessman. For other people called Colonel Sanders, seeColonel Sanders (disambiguation).

Colonel
Harland Sanders
Sanders in his iconic outfit,c. 1974
Born
Harland David Sanders

(1890-09-09)September 9, 1890
Henryville, Indiana,U.S.
DiedDecember 16, 1980(1980-12-16)(aged 90)
Louisville, Kentucky,U.S.
Resting placeCave Hill Cemetery,Louisville
EducationLa Salle Extension University
Occupations
  • Businessman
  • restaurateur
Years active1930–1980
Known forFoundingKentucky Fried Chicken
Spouses
  • Josephine King
    ​
    ​
    (m.1909;div.1947)​
  • Claudia Price
    ​
    (m.1949)​
Children3
Military Service
AllegianceUnited States of America
Service/branchUnited States Army
Years of service1906–1907
RankPrivate
UnitWagoner
Battles/warsOccupation of Cuba
AwardsCuban Pacification Medal
Signature

Colonel[a]Harland David Sanders(September 9, 1890 – December 16, 1980) was an American businessman and founder of fast food chicken restaurant chainKentucky Fried Chicken(also known as KFC). He later acted as the company'sbrand ambassadorand symbol. His name and image are still symbols of the company.

Sanders held a number of jobs in his early life, such assteam engine stoker,insurance salesman, andfilling stationoperator. He began sellingfried chickenfromhis roadside restaurantinNorth Corbin, Kentucky,during theGreat Depression.During that time, Sanders developed his "secret recipe" and his patented method of cooking chicken in apressure fryer.Sanders recognized the potential of the restaurantfranchisingconcept, and the first KFC franchise opened inSouth Salt Lake, Utah,in 1952. When his original restaurant closed, he devoted himself full-time to franchising his fried chicken throughout the country.

The company's rapid expansion across the United States and overseas became overwhelming for Sanders. In 1964, then 73 years old, he sold the company to a group of investors led byJohn Y. Brown Jr.andJack C. Masseyfor $2 million ($19.6 million today). However, he retained control of operations in Canada, and he became a salaried brand ambassador for Kentucky Fried Chicken. In his later years, he became highly critical of the food served by KFC restaurants, believing they had cut costs and allowed quality to deteriorate.

Life and career

1890–1906: early life

Sanders (age 7) with his mother (1897)

Harland David Sanders was born on September 9, 1890, in a four-room house located 3 miles (5 km) east ofHenryville, Indiana.[1]He was the oldest of three children born to Wilbur David and Margaret Ann (néeDunlevy) Sanders.[1]His mother was of Irish and Dutch descent.[2]The family attended theAdvent Christian Church.[3]His father was a mild and affectionate man who worked his 80-acre (32 ha) farm until he broke his leg in a fall. He then worked as a butcher in Henryville for two years. Sanders's mother was a devout Christian and strict parent, continually warning her children of "the evils of alcohol, tobacco, gambling, and whistling on Sundays".[4]

Sanders's father died in 1895. His mother got work in a tomato cannery, and the young Harland was left to look after and cook for his siblings.[1]By the age of seven, in 1897, he was reportedly skilled with bread and vegetables, and improving with meat; the children foraged for food while their mother was away at work for days at a time.[5]In 1899, his mother married Edward Park, but according to the 1900 census, his mother was widowed again. When he was 10, in 1900, Sanders began to work as a farmhand.[citation needed]

In 1902, Sanders's mother married William Broaddus[6]and the family moved toGreenwood, Indiana.[7]Sanders had a tumultuous relationship with his stepfather. In 1903, at age 12, he dropped out of seventh grade (later stating that "algebra's what drove [him] off" ) and went to live and work on a nearby farm.[7]At age 13, he left home and took a job painting horse carriages inIndianapolis.[4]When he was 14, he moved to southern Indiana to work as a farmhand.[7]

1906–1930: various jobs

In 1906, with his mother's approval, Sanders left the area to live with his uncle inNew Albany, Indiana.[8]His uncle worked for thestreetcarcompany, and secured Sanders a job as a conductor.[9]

Sanders falsified his date of birth and enlisted in theUnited States Armyin October 1906 (age 16), completing his service commitment as a wagoner (seeteamster) inCubabeing awarded theCuban Pacification Medal (Army).He was honorably discharged in February 1907 and moved toSheffield, Alabama,where his uncle lived. There, he met his brother Clarence, who had also moved there in order to escape their stepfather.[8]The uncle worked for theSouthern Railway,and secured Sanders a job there as a blacksmith's helper in the workshops. After two months, Sanders moved toJasper, Alabama,where he got a job cleaning out the ash pans of trains from the Northern Alabama Railroad (a division of the Southern Railway) when they had finished their runs.[7]

Sanders progressed to become afireman(steam engine stoker) from the age of 16.[7]He worked the job for nearly three years until he was fired for "insubordination" after he got sick.[10]

Sanders found laboring work with theNorfolk and Western Railwayfrom 1909.[7]While working on the railroad, he met Josephine King ofJasper, Alabama,and they were married shortly afterwards on June 15, 1909, in Jasper.[11]They would go on to have three children, Margaret Josephine Sanders, born March 29, 1910, inJasper, Alabama,and died October 19, 2001, inWest Palm Beach, Florida,Harland David Sanders Jr. on April 23, 1912, inTuscumbia, Alabama,who died on September 15, 1932, inMartinsville, Indiana,from infectedtonsils,and Mildred Marie Sanders Ruggles, born October 15, 1919, inJeffersonville, Indiana,and died September 21, 2010, inLexington, Kentucky.[12][13]He then found work as a fireman on theIllinois Central Railroad,and he and his family moved toJackson, Tennessee.By night, Sanders studied law by correspondence through theLa Salle Extension University.[7]Sanders lost his job at Illinois after brawling with a colleague.[14]While Sanders moved to work for theRock Island Railroad,Josephine and the children went to live with her parents.[7]

Sanders in 1914

After a while, Sanders began to practice law inLittle Rock,which he did for three years, earning enough in fees for his family to move with him.[7]His legal career ended after a courtroom brawl with his own client destroyed his reputation.[15]This period represented a low point for Sanders. As his biographer John Ed Pearce wrote, "[Sanders] had encountered repeated failure largely through bullheadedness, a lack of self-control, impatience, and a self-righteous lack of diplomacy."[16]

Following the incident, Sanders was forced to move back in with his mother in Henryville, where he went to work as a laborer on thePennsylvania Railroad.In 1916, the family moved toJeffersonville,where Sanders got a job sellinglife insurancefor thePrudential Life Insurance Company.[7]Sanders was eventually fired for insubordination. He moved to Louisville and got a sales job withMutual Benefit Lifeof New Jersey.[17]

In 1920, at age 30, Sanders established a ferry boat company, which operated a boat on theOhio Riverbetween Jeffersonville and Louisville. He canvassed for funding, becoming a minority shareholder himself, and was appointed secretary of the company.[7]The ferry was an instant success.[18]Around 1922 he took a job as secretary at theChamber of CommerceinColumbus, Indiana.He admitted that he was not very good at the job and resigned after less than a year. Sanders cashed in his ferry boat company shares for $22,000 ($393,000 today) and used the money to establish a company manufacturingacetylenelamps.[7]The venture failed afterDelcointroduced an electric lamp that it sold on credit.

Sanders moved toWinchester, Kentucky,to work as a salesman for theMichelin Tire Company.[7]He lost his job in 1924 when Michelin closed its New Jersey manufacturing plant.[19]In 1924, by chance, he met the general manager ofStandard Oil of Kentucky,who asked him to run aservice stationinNicholasville.[7]In 1930, the station closed as a result of theGreat Depression.[20]

1930–1952: later career

In 1930, theShell Oil Companyoffered Sanders a service station inNorth Corbin, Kentucky,rent free, in return for paying the company a percentage of sales.[7]Sanders began to serve chicken dishes and other meals such ascountry hamandsteaks.[21]Initially he served the customers in his adjacent living quarters before opening a restaurant. It was during this period that Sanders was involved in a shootout with Matt Stewart, a local competitor, over the repainting of a sign directing traffic to his station. Stewart killed a Shell employee who was with Sanders and was convicted of murder, eliminating Sanders's competition.[22]Sanders was commissioned as aKentucky Colonelin 1935 by Kentucky governorRuby Laffoon.His local popularity grew, and, in 1939, food criticDuncan Hinesvisited Sanders's restaurant and included it inAdventures in Good Eating,his guide to restaurants throughout the US. The entry read:

Corbin, KY.Sanders Court and Café
41 — Jct. with 25, 25 E. ½ Mi. N. of Corbin. Open all year except Xmas.
A very good place to stop en route to Cumberland Falls and the Great Smokies. Continuous 24-hour service. Sizzling steaks, fried chicken, country ham, hot biscuits. L. 50¢ to $1; D., 60¢ to $1

In July 1939, Sanders acquired a motel inAsheville,North Carolina.His North Corbin restaurant and motel was destroyed in a fire in November 1939, and Sanders had it rebuilt as a motel with a 140-seat restaurant.[23]By July 1940 (age 50), Sanders had finalized his "Secret Recipe"for frying chicken in apressure fryerthat cooked the chicken faster thanpan frying.As the United States enteredWorld War IIin December 1941, gas was rationed, and as the tourism dried up, Sanders was forced to close his Asheville motel. He went to work as a supervisor in Seattle until the latter part of 1942. He later ran cafeterias for the government at an ordnance works in Tennessee, followed by a job as assistant cafeteria manager inOak Ridge, Tennessee.[7]

He left his mistress, Claudia Ledington-Price, as manager of the North Corbin restaurant and motel. In 1942, he sold the Asheville business.[7]In 1947, he and Josephine divorced and Sanders married Claudia in 1949, as he had long desired.[24]Sanders was "re-commissioned" as a Kentucky Colonel in 1950 by his friend, GovernorLawrence Wetherby.[25]

1952–1980: Kentucky Fried Chicken

See also:History of KFC
The world's first KFC franchise, located inSouth Salt Lake, Utah

In 1952, Sanders franchised his secret recipe "Kentucky Fried Chicken" for the first time, toPete HarmanofSouth Salt Lake, Utah,the operator of one of that city's largest restaurants.[26]In the first year of selling the product, restaurant sales more than tripled, with 75% of the increase coming from sales of fried chicken.[27]For Harman, the addition of fried chicken was a way of differentiating his restaurant from competitors; in Utah, a product hailing from Kentucky was unique and evoked imagery ofSouthern hospitality.Don Anderson, a sign painter hired by Harman, coined the nameKentucky Fried Chicken.[28]After Harman's success, several other restaurant owners franchised the concept and paid Sanders $0.04 per chicken (equivalent to $0.46 in 2023).[5]

Sanders believed that his North Corbin restaurant would remain successful indefinitely; however, he sold it at age 65 after the newInterstate 75reduced customer traffic.[29][30][5]Left only with his savings and US$105 a month fromSocial Security(equivalent to $1,194 in 2023),[5]Sanders decided to begin to franchise his chicken concept in earnest, and traveled the US looking for suitable restaurants. After closing the North Corbin site, Sanders and Claudia opened a new restaurant and company headquarters inShelbyvillein 1959.[31]Often sleeping in the back of his car, Sanders visited restaurants, offered to cook his chicken, and if workers liked it negotiated franchise rights.[5]

Although such visits required much time, eventually potential franchisees began visiting Sanders instead. He ran the company while Claudia mixed and shipped the spices to restaurants.[5]The franchise approach became highly successful; KFC was one of the first fast food chains to expand internationally, opening outlets in Canada and later in the UK, Australia, Mexico and Jamaica by the mid-1960s. Sanders obtained a patent protecting his method of pressure frying chicken in 1962,[32]and trademarked the phrase "It's Finger Lickin' Good" in 1963.

The company's rapid expansion to more than 600 locations became overwhelming for the aging Sanders. In 1964, then 73 years old, he sold the Kentucky Fried Chicken corporation for $2 million ($19.6 million today) to a partnership of Kentucky businessmen headed byJohn Y. Brown Jr.,a 29-year-old lawyer and future governor of Kentucky, andJack C. Massey,a venture capitalist and entrepreneur. Sanders became a salaried brand ambassador. The initial deal did not include the Canadian operations, which Sanders retained, nor the franchising rights in the UK, Florida, Utah, and Montana, which Sanders had already sold to others.[33]

In 1965, Sanders moved toMississauga,Ontario,a suburb ofToronto,to oversee his Canadian franchises and continued to collect franchise and appearance fees both in Canada and in the US. Sanders bought and lived in a bungalow at 1337 Melton Drive in theLakeviewarea of Mississauga from 1965 until his death in 1980.[34]In September 1970 he and his wife werebaptizedin theJordan River.He also befriendedBilly GrahamandJerry Falwell.[35]

Sanders remained the company's symbol after selling it, traveling 200,000 miles (320,000 km) a year on the company's behalf and filming many TV commercials and appearances. He retained much influence over executives and franchisees, who respected his culinary expertise and feared whatThe New Yorkerdescribed as "the force and variety of his swearing" when a restaurant or the company varied from what executives described as "theColonel'schicken ". One change the company made was to the gravy, which Sanders had bragged was so good that" it'll make you throw away the durn chicken and just eat the gravy "but which the company simplified to reduce time and cost. As late as 1979 Sanders made surprise visits to KFC restaurants, and if the food disappointed him, he denounced it to the franchisee as" God-damned slop "or pushed it onto the floor.[5][36]In 1973, Sanders suedHeublein Inc.—the then parent company of Kentucky Fried Chicken—over the alleged misuse of his image in promoting products he had not helped develop. In 1975, Heublein Inc. unsuccessfully sued Sanders for libel after he publicly described their gravy as being "sludge" with a "wall-paper taste".[6]

Sanders and his wife reopened their Shelbyville restaurant as "Claudia Sanders, The Colonel's Lady"and served KFC-style chicken there as part of a full-service dinner menu, and talked about expanding the restaurant into a chain.[37]He was sued by the company for it.[37][38]After reaching a settlement with Heublein, he sold the Colonel's Lady restaurant, and it has continued to operate, currently as the Claudia Sanders Dinner House.[37][38]It serves his "original recipe" fried chicken as part of its non-fast-food dinner menu, and it is the only non-KFC restaurant that serves an authorized version of the fried chicken recipe.[39][40]

Sanders remained critical of Kentucky Fried Chicken's food. In an article published by theLouisville Courier-Journalon October 8, 1975, he told journalist Dan Kauffman:[41]

My God, that gravy is horrible. They buy tap water for 15 to 20 cents a thousand gallons and then they mix it with flour and starch and end up with pure wallpaper paste. And I know wallpaper paste, by God, because I've seen my mother make it.... There's no nutrition in it and they ought not to be allowed to sell it.... [The] crispy [fried chicken] recipe is nothing in the world but a damn fried doughball stuck on some chicken.

Public image and personality

After being recommissioned as aKentucky colonelin 1950 by GovernorLawrence Wetherby,Sanders began to dress the part, growing a goatee and wearing a blackfrock coat(later switching to a white suit), astring tie,and referring to himself as "Colonel".[25]His associates went along with the title change, "jokingly at first and then in earnest", according to biographerJosh Ozersky.[29]

He never wore anything else in public during the last 20 years of his life, using a heavy wool suit in the winter and a light cotton suit in the summer.[29]He bleached his mustache and goatee to match his white hair.[24]

John Y. Brown Jr. remembered Sanders as "a brilliant man with a gourmet flair for food, a visionary and a great motivator, with the style of a showman and the discipline of aVince Lombardi."[42]

Sanders was aFreemason.[43]

Death

Colonel Sanders's gravesite
Sanders's and his wife's grave atCave Hill CemeteryinLouisville, Kentucky

Sanders was diagnosed withacute leukemiain June 1980.[12][44]He died atJewish HospitalinLouisvilleof pneumonia six months later, on December 16, at the age of 90.[45][46][47]Sanders had remained active until the month before his death, appearing in his white suit to crowds.[36]His body waslaid in statein the rotunda of theKentucky State CapitolinFrankfortafter a funeral service at theSouthern Baptist Theological SeminaryChapel, which was attended by more than 500 people.[48][49]His body was also displayed in an open casket during a memorial service that was held at KFC's headquarters in Louisville;[50][51]about 1,000 to 1,200 people attended the service.[51]Sanders was buried in his characteristic white suit and black western string tie inCave Hill Cemeteryin Louisville.[52][53]

His wife, Claudia, died on December 31, 1996, at the age of 94.[54]

By the time of Sanders's death, there were an estimated 6,000 KFC outlets in 48 countries worldwide, with $2 billion in sales annually.[55]

Legacy

As a symbol of the KFC brand

Main article:KFC advertising

A fictionalized Colonel Sanders has repeatedly appeared as a mascot in KFC's advertising and branding. Sanders has been voiced by impressionists in radio ads, and from 1998 to 2001 an animated version of him voiced byRandy Quaidappeared in television commercials.[56]

In May 2015, KFC brought the Colonel Sanders character back in new television advertisements, played by comedianDarrell Hammond.[36][57]Some commentators felt the new portrayal was distasteful and disrespectful of the actual man's legacy.[36][58][59][60]

In August 2015, KFC launched a new campaign, this time with comedianNorm Macdonaldportraying Sanders; the first ad of the campaign makes direct reference to the Hammond campaign, with a brief piece of footage of Hammond followed by Macdonald's Colonel declaring his predecessor an impostor.[61]

In February 2016, yet another portrayal was introduced withJim Gaffiganas the Colonel, shown bolting awake in bed and telling his wife about his recurring nightmare of Macdonald's Colonel "pretending to be me".[62]

By July 2016,George Hamiltonwas playing Colonel Sanders, parlaying his famous tan into an advertisement for KFC's "extra crispy" chicken.[63]

During the airing of the2016 SummerSlam,a commercial aired ofWWEwrestlerDolph Zigglerdressed up as Colonel Sanders beating up a man in a chicken suit (played by fellow wrestlerThe Miz) in a wrestling ring.[64]

In September 2016, comedianRob Riggleplayed Sanders in an ad introducing a football team named "The Kentucky Buckets".[65]

In January 2017, to advertise their "Georgia Gold Honey Mustard BBQ" Chicken offerings, actorBilly Zanetook over the role as the "Solid Gold Colonel".[66]

In April 2017, actorRob Lowewas announced as the newest actor in the role of Colonel Sanders.[67]Lowe said that as a child, he actually got to meet Harland Sanders.[68]

WWE would return to using Colonel Sanders during 2017, showing ads ofShawn MichaelsandKurt Angleplaying him, as well as announcing that Colonel Sanders would be available as a playable character inWWE 2K18(accessible through the "create-a-wrestler" feature) as part of aproduct placementdeal with KFC.[69]

Ray Liottathen portrayed Sanders. SingerReba McEntirewas named as the newest Sanders in January 2018.[70]

As of August 2018,actorJason Alexanderand professional strongman and actorHafþór Júlíus Björnssonboth portray Colonel Sanders.[71][72]

In early 2019,Peter Wellerportrayed aRoboCopversion of Colonel Sanders.[73][74]Later that year,Sean Astinplayed aRudy Ruettigerversion of the Colonel to commemorate the beginning of the NFL season.[75]In 2019, a free video game was commissioned by the restaurant chain KFC and released for free calledI Love You, Colonel Sanders![76][77]A parody of conventional dating sims, the primary objective of the player is to develop a romantic relationship with a fictionalized version of KFC's founder Colonel Sanders, portrayed as an attractive classmate at a cooking school.[77]

In December 2020, a fictionalized Colonel Sanders was portrayed byMario Lopezin the 2020 short filmA Recipe for Seduction.[78][79]

Beyond KFC

The JapaneseNippon Professional Baseballleague developed anurban legendof the "Curse of the Colonel".A statue of Colonel Sanders was thrown into a river and lost during a 1985 fan celebration, and (according to the legend) the" curse "has caused Japan'sHanshin Tigersto perform poorly since the incident.[80]It was said that unless the statue was fully recovered, the Tigers would never win theJapan Seriesagain. After a handful of losses in2003,2005,and2014,Hanshin finally prevailed in2023.

Characters based on Colonel Sanders have appeared in popular fiction. The Colonel appears as a character within theDC Comics multiversein three promotional issues, with titles parodying otherDC Comicstitles –The Colonel of Two Worlds(a parody ofFlash of Two Worlds),The Colonel Corps: The Crisis of Infinite Colonels(a parody ofCrisis on Infinite Earths), andAcross The Universe,teaming up with characters such asGreen LanternandFlash,and alternate versions of himself (such as a female version, aTeen Titans Go!version, and achickenversion) to battle villains such as the "Anti-Colonel" of Earth-3, "Colonel Grodd" (a Colonel version ofGorilla Grodd) andLarfleeze.The writer of the comics,Tony Bedard,said "It's been an honor, a privilege, and just plain fun working on the last two KFC comics. I'm super-excited the story is a trilogy now, with the Colonel planet-hopping across the DC Universe. As a formerGreen Lanternwriter, it's great to revisitHal Jordanand theGreen Lantern Corps."[81][82]In a 2018 episode of the soap operaGeneral Hospital,Sanders is shown to knowMalbolge,which he uses to disarm a bomb intended to compel him to reveal his secret recipe.[83][84]

In the novelKafka on the ShorebyHaruki Murakami,Colonel Sanders appears when an "abstract concept" takes on the appearance of "a famous capitalist icon".[85]

In 2017, KFC released a 96-page romance novella,Tender Wings of Desire,in time for Mother's Day. Set in Victorian England, it centers on Lady Madeline Parker, who "must choose between a life of order and a man of passion", and featuring Sanders as the love interest, and ostensibly the writer. It was made available as a free download viaAmazon.[86]

One of Colonel Sanders's white suits with its black clip-on bow-tie was sold at auction for $21,510 byHeritage Auctionson June 22, 2013.[87]The suit had been given toCincinnatiresident Mike Morris by Sanders, who was close to Morris's family. The Morris family house was purchased by Col. Sanders, and Sanders lived with the family for six months.[88]The suit was purchased by Kentucky Fried Chicken of Japan president Masao "Charlie" Watanabe(Độ biên chính phu,Watanabe Masao).Watanabe put on the famous suit after placing the winning bid at the auction event in Dallas, Texas.

In 2011, a manuscript of a book on cooking that Sanders apparently wrote in the mid-1960s was found in KFC archives. It includes some cooking recipes from Sanders as well as anecdotes and life lessons. KFC said it was planning to try some of the recipes and to publish the 200-page manuscript online.[89][90]

In 2010, the Oscar-winning animated shortLogoramaprominently featured a rotoscoped depiction of Colonel Sanders during the early fast-food restaurant scenes.[91]

Charitable giving

Before his death, Sanders used his stock holdings to create the Colonel Harland Sanders Charitable Organization, a registered Canadian charity.[92]The wing ofMississauga Hospitalfor women's and children's care is named The Colonel Harland Sanders Family Care Centre in honor of his substantial donation.[93]Sanders's foundation has also made sizeable donations to other Canadianchildren's hospitalsincluding theMcMaster Children's Hospital,IWK Health Centre,andStollery Children's Hospital.[94]TheToronto-based foundation disbursed $500,000 to other Canadian charities in 2016, according to its tax return filed with theCanada Revenue Agency.[95]

Discography

  • 1967Christmas Eve with Colonel Sanders(RCA:PRS 256)[96]
  • 1968Christmas Day with Colonel Sanders(RCA: PRS 274)[96]
  • 1969Christmas with Colonel Sanders(RCA: PRS 291)[96]

References

Notes

  1. ^Sanders was given the honorary title "Kentucky Colonel"in 1935 byGovernorRuby Laffoon.The title is anhonorific title,the highest awarded by theCommonwealth of Kentucky,and is not a military rank. TheGovernor of Kentuckybestows the honor of a colonel'scommission,by issuance ofletters patent.

Citations

  1. ^abcKlotter,The Human Tradition in the New South,p. 130.
  2. ^Pearce, John Ed (1982).The Colonel(1st ed.). New York: Doubleday. p.3.ISBN9780385181228.RetrievedMarch 29,2020.
  3. ^Sanders, Harland (1974).The Incredible Colonel.Illinois: Creation House. p. 13.ISBN978-0-88419-053-0.
  4. ^ab"Colonels of Truth".damninteresting.com.Archivedfrom the original on April 9, 2016.RetrievedApril 8,2016.
  5. ^abcdefgWhitworth, William (February 14, 1970)."Kentucky-Fried".The New Yorker.Archivedfrom the original on April 15, 2015.RetrievedApril 18,2015.
  6. ^abKleber, John E.;Clark, Thomas D.;Harrison, Lowell H.;Klotter, James C.,eds. (January 13, 2015) [1992]."Sanders, Harland David".The Kentucky Encyclopedia.Lexington, Kentucky:University Press of Kentucky.pp. 796–797.ISBN978-0-8131-1772-0.Archivedfrom the original on September 12, 2016.RetrievedMarch 16,2016.
  7. ^abcdefghijklmnopqSanders, Harland (2012).The Autobiography of the Original Celebrity Chef(PDF).Louisville: KFC.ISBN978-0-9855439-0-7.Archived fromthe original(PDF)on September 21, 2013.RetrievedOctober 1,2013.
  8. ^abKlotter,The Human Tradition in the New South,p. 131.
  9. ^Ozersky, Josh (2012).Colonel Sanders and the American Dream.University of Texas Press. p. 8.ISBN978-0-292-74285-7.
  10. ^Pearce, John Ed (1982).The Colonel(1st ed.). New York: Doubleday. p.19.ISBN9780385181228.RetrievedMarch 29,2020.
  11. ^Pearce, John Ed (1982).The Colonel(1st ed.). New York: Doubleday. p.20.ISBN9780385181228.RetrievedMarch 29,2020.
  12. ^abEdith Evans Asbury (December 17, 1980)."Col. Harland Sanders, Founder Of Kentucky Fried Chicken, Dies; Cooked Meals as a Child Success Comes Slowly: [Obituary]".The New York Times.p. A33. 936479241.Archivedfrom the original on July 20, 2018.RetrievedFebruary 26,2015.(subscription required)
  13. ^Josh Kegley,Daughter of Colonel Sanders dies at age 91ArchivedJune 17, 2011, at theWayback Machine,Lexington Herald-Leader,September 25, 2010.
  14. ^Sanders, Harland (1974).The Incredible Colonel.Illinois: Creation House. p. 30.ISBN978-0-88419-053-0.
  15. ^Ozersky, Josh (2012).Colonel Sanders and the American Dream.University of Texas Press. p. 12.ISBN978-0-292-74285-7.
  16. ^Pearce, John Ed (1982).The Colonel(1st ed.). New York: Doubleday. p.29.ISBN9780385181228.RetrievedMarch 29,2020.
  17. ^Ozersky, Josh (2012).Colonel Sanders and the American Dream.University of Texas Press. p. 14.ISBN978-0-292-74285-7.
  18. ^Klotter,The Human Tradition in the New South,p. 134.
  19. ^Sanders, Harland (1974).The Incredible Colonel.Illinois: Creation House. p. 45.ISBN978-0-88419-053-0.
  20. ^Ozersky, Josh (2012).Colonel Sanders and the American Dream.University of Texas Press. p. 19.ISBN978-0-292-74285-7.
  21. ^"About Us | KFC History".KFC.co.uk.Archived fromthe originalon February 6, 2015.RetrievedAugust 23,2016.
  22. ^Taylor, Kate (September 4, 2015)."7 Things You Didn't Know About the Real Colonel Sanders".Entrepreneur magazine.Entrepreneur Media, Inc.Archivedfrom the original on November 28, 2020.RetrievedDecember 29,2020.
  23. ^Darden, Robert (January 1, 2004).Secret Recipe: Why Kfc Is Still Cooking After 50 Years.Tapestry Press.ISBN978-1-930819-33-7.Archivedfrom the original on May 30, 2013.RetrievedApril 10,2013.
  24. ^abKlotter,The Human Tradition in the New South,p. 142.
  25. ^ab"KFC – Colonel Sanders Cafe & Museum – America's First Kentucky Fried Chicken".Corbinkentucky.us. February 18, 1964. Archived fromthe originalon October 22, 2004.RetrievedJuly 30,2010.
  26. ^Nii, Jenifer K. (2004)."Colonel's landmark KFC is mashed".Deseret Morning News.Archivedfrom the original on January 13, 2010.RetrievedOctober 28,2007.
  27. ^Lawrence, Jodi (November 9, 1969). "Chicken Big and the Citizen Senior".The Washington Post and Times-Herald.p. 305.
  28. ^Liddle, Alan (May 21, 1990). "Pete Harman".Nation's Restaurant News.
  29. ^abcOzersky, Josh (September 15, 2010)."KFC's Colonel Sanders: He Was Real, Not Just an Icon".Time.Archived fromthe originalon September 13, 2012.RetrievedSeptember 18,2010.
  30. ^I've Got a Secretinterview, originally broadcast April 6, 1964 (rebroadcast by GSN March 30, 2008).
  31. ^McGuire, Jenn (October 12, 2010)."Claudia Sanders Dinner House Serves Up the Real Thing".HelloLouisville. Archived fromthe originalon December 31, 2013.RetrievedAugust 23,2016.
  32. ^"Process of producing fried chicken under pressure US 3245800 A".Archivedfrom the original on November 10, 2016.RetrievedNovember 9,2016.
  33. ^"KFC Corporation History".Funding Universe.Archivedfrom the original on August 21, 2016.RetrievedAugust 23,2016.
  34. ^"KFC nixes Mississauga's Col. Sanders for new upmarket restaurant".NiagarathisWeek.July 17, 2013.Archivedfrom the original on January 30, 2016.RetrievedAugust 23,2016.
  35. ^Klotter,The Human Tradition in the New South,p. 153.
  36. ^abcdDowns, Jere (May 27, 2015)."KFC Col. Sanders' revival 'tarnishes' the icon".The Courier-Journal.Archivedfrom the original on January 26, 2024.RetrievedAugust 23,2016.
  37. ^abcRyan, Ed (October 7, 1974)."Colonel Sanders and His Lady: He Cooks, She Cleans the Pots".People.2(15).Archivedfrom the original on August 28, 2016.RetrievedAugust 23,2016.
  38. ^abUnited Press International (September 12, 1975). "Col. Sanders' Chicken War Ends".The New York Times.p. 46.
  39. ^"Claudia Sanders Dinner House – Shelbyville, Kentucky".kentuckytourism.com.Kentucky Department of Travel and Tourism.Archivedfrom the original on June 12, 2016.RetrievedAugust 23,2016.
  40. ^"Claudia Sanders Dinner House".claudiasanders.com.Archivedfrom the original on August 31, 2016.RetrievedAugust 23,2016.
  41. ^Kauffman, Dan (October 8, 1975)."Is a chicken wing white meat?".The Courier-Journal.p. 17.Archivedfrom the original on April 25, 2023.RetrievedApril 25,2023– viaNewspapers.com.Open access icon
  42. ^Pearce, John Ed (1982).The Colonel(1st ed.). New York: Doubleday. p. vi.ISBN9780385181228.RetrievedMarch 29,2020.
  43. ^"Colonel Harland Sanders".freemasonry.bcy.ca.Archivedfrom the original on April 7, 2023.RetrievedApril 7,2023.
  44. ^Miller, John Winn (December 16, 1980)."Flags at half-staff to honor Sanders".Associated Press.Archivedfrom the original on April 2, 2021.RetrievedOctober 30,2020.Louisville, Ky. – Flags were flying at half-staff here today as Kentucky honored Col. Harland sanders, the smiling, white-suited gentleman whose "secret recipe" started an international fried chicken empire.
    Sanders, founder of the Kentucky Fried Chicken franchise, died Tuesday at age 90.
    The immediate cause of death was pneumonia, aggravated by leukemia, said KFC spokesman John Cox.
    ...
    Sanders had been hospitalized Nov. 7 for treatment of an infection of the kidney and bladder. While undergoing treatment, he developed pneumonia for the third time this year and lapsed into critical condition.
    During an earlier hospital stay, doctors found he also was suffering from leukemia, a blood disease.
  45. ^J. Y. Smith (December 17, 1980)."Col. Sanders, the Fried-Chicken Gentleman, Dies".The Washington Post.Archivedfrom the original on August 23, 2018.RetrievedJuly 19,2018.
  46. ^"Col. Sanders, fried chicken king, dead".Chicago Tribune.December 17, 1980. p. 5.
  47. ^"Col. Sanders, 90, Dies of Pneumonia".The Washington Post.December 17, 1980.
  48. ^Smith, J. Y. (December 17, 1980)."Col. Sanders, the Fried-Chicken Gentleman, Dies".The Washington Post.Archivedfrom the original on August 23, 2018.RetrievedNovember 30,2022.
  49. ^Sheeran, Thomas J. (December 20, 2022)."Hundreds of mourners gathered today for the funeral of..."UPI.RetrievedDecember 1,2022.
  50. ^"Neighbors and hometown friends bid farewell Wednesday to Colonel..."December 17, 2022.Archivedfrom the original on December 1, 2022.RetrievedDecember 1,2022.
  51. ^abThe Courier-Journal (December 20, 1980)."Colonel Sanders funeral procession (continued)".newspapers.com.Archivedfrom the original on December 1, 2022.RetrievedDecember 1,2022.
  52. ^"Col. Sanders Buried in Louisville In the White Suit He Wore in Ads".The New York Times.Associated Press. December 21, 2022.Archivedfrom the original on December 1, 2022.RetrievedDecember 1,2022.
  53. ^Grundhauser, Eric (May 15, 2015)."Kentucky Fried Headstone: The Grave of Colonel Sanders".Slate.Archivedfrom the original on December 1, 2022.RetrievedDecember 1,2022.
  54. ^Wessel, Kim (January 2, 1997)."Claudia Sanders dies".The Courier-Journal (Louisville, Kentucky).p. 6.Archivedfrom the original on January 25, 2022.RetrievedSeptember 24,2021.
  55. ^Smith, J. Y. (December 17, 1980). "Col. Sanders, the Fried-Chicken Gentleman, Dies".Washington Post.
  56. ^Howard, Theresa (September 28, 1998)."KFC, with Pepsi, Mulls Putting New 'Colonel' On Proprietary Beverage".Brandweek.Archived fromthe originalon May 21, 2015.RetrievedAugust 23,2016.
  57. ^La Monica, Paul R. (May 19, 2015)."KFC is bringing back Colonel Sanders".CNNMoney.Archivedfrom the original on May 20, 2015.RetrievedAugust 23,2016.
  58. ^Downs, Jere (May 27, 2015)."Some Colonel Sanders fans find new ads distastefull".USA Today.Archivedfrom the original on August 23, 2016.RetrievedAugust 23,2016.
  59. ^Kulp, Patrick (May 29, 2015)."KFC likes that you hate the new Colonel Sanders because at least you're feeling something".Mashable.Archivedfrom the original on August 21, 2016.RetrievedAugust 23,2016.
  60. ^Watrous, Monica (May 28, 2015)."The Revival of KFC".Food Business News.Archivedfrom the original on September 28, 2015.RetrievedAugust 23,2016.
  61. ^O'Reilly, Lara (August 17, 2015)."KFC has another new Colonel – and it'll be hoping some viewers hate these ads as much as the last".Business Insider.Archived fromthe originalon December 26, 2015.RetrievedAugust 23,2016.
  62. ^Johnson, Lauren (February 6, 2016)."KFC Swaps Out Norm Macdonald for Jim Gaffigan as Its Latest 'Real' Colonel".Adweek.Archivedfrom the original on August 17, 2016.RetrievedAugust 23,2016.
  63. ^Moran, Victoria (June 23, 2016)."KFC Brings in an Extra-Bronzed George Hamilton to Play Extra Crispy Colonel".Advertising Age.Archivedfrom the original on August 21, 2016.RetrievedAugust 23,2016.
  64. ^Griner, David (August 22, 2016)."Sanders Is Ripped and Ready to Rumble in WWE's Twist on KFC's Colonel Campaign".Adweek.Archivedfrom the original on August 23, 2016.RetrievedAugust 23,2016.
  65. ^Miller, Kate (September 8, 2016)."Watch Rob Riggle as KFC's newest Colonel Sanders".The Kansas City Star.Archivedfrom the original on September 9, 2016.
  66. ^"'Titanic' villain Billy Zane tapped as new Colonel Sanders to debut 'Georgia Gold' chicken ".Fox News.January 27, 2017.Archivedfrom the original on March 22, 2017.RetrievedMarch 21,2017.
  67. ^D'Angelo, Bob (April 22, 2017)."Rob Lowe debuts as KFC's newest colonel Sunday".WHIO-TV.Archivedfrom the original on April 23, 2017.RetrievedApril 22,2017.
  68. ^KFC Explores The Final Frontier With Colonel Rob LoweArchivedApril 29, 2017, at theWayback Machine(April 21, 2017, 08:59 ET)
    Quote:
    "My grandfather was the head of the Ohio chapter of the National Restaurant Association in the 1960s and took me to meet Colonel Harland Sanders when I was a kid. It was a big deal. I thought this would be a nice homage to both Colonel Sanders and to my grandfather," said Lowe. "Plus, we're sending the Zinger chicken sandwich to space. You kind of can't beat that."
  69. ^"WWE 2K18 scores the secret recipe for KFC's Colonel Sanders as a playable wrestler".October 9, 2017.Archivedfrom the original on June 29, 2018.RetrievedSeptember 29,2018.
  70. ^Hughes, William (January 25, 2018)."Congratulations to Reba McEntire, America's first female Colonel Sanders".The A.V. Club.Archivedfrom the original on January 26, 2018.
  71. ^"KFC taps former 'Seinfeld' star Jason Alexander as new Colonel Sanders".USA Today.Archivedfrom the original on August 7, 2018.RetrievedSeptember 29,2018.
  72. ^ "A 'Game of Thrones' Star Became KFC's Newest Colonel & Set a World Record".August 22, 2018.Archivedfrom the original on August 25, 2018.RetrievedAugust 24,2018.
  73. ^"KFC Commissions RoboCop As Its Newest Colonel – And Guardian Of Its Coveted Secret Recipe Of 11 Herbs & Spices"(Press release). PRNewswire.Archivedfrom the original on March 6, 2019.RetrievedMarch 3,2019.
  74. ^"Peter Weller Reprises His 'RoboCop' Role in Bizarre KFC Ads"./Film. February 21, 2019. Archived fromthe originalon March 6, 2019.RetrievedMarch 3,2019.
  75. ^Miller, Shannon (September 10, 2019)."Sean Astin Returns for 'Rudy II,' Except Rudy's Now Colonel Sanders and It's All a KFC Ad".Adweek.Archivedfrom the original on September 12, 2019.RetrievedSeptember 12,2019.
  76. ^Jackson, Gita (September 24, 2019)."I Love You, Colonel Sanders!: The Kotaku Review".Kotaku.Archivedfrom the original on December 19, 2019.RetrievedDecember 19,2019.
  77. ^abWebb, Kevin (September 26, 2019)."I played KFC's bizarre Colonel Sanders dating game so you don't have to".Business Insider.Archivedfrom the original on December 19, 2019.RetrievedDecember 19,2019.
  78. ^"Mario Lopez's bizarre Colonel Sanders Lifetime movie, explained".For The Win.December 7, 2020.Archivedfrom the original on December 7, 2020.RetrievedJanuary 23,2021.
  79. ^D'Zurilla, Christie (December 7, 2020)."Recipe for disaster? Mario Lopez is KFC's Colonel Sanders in new Lifetime mini-movie".Los Angeles Times.Archivedfrom the original on December 12, 2020.RetrievedJanuary 23,2021.
  80. ^White, Paul (August 21, 2003)."The Colonel's curse runs deep".USA Today.Archivedfrom the original on May 23, 2011.RetrievedMay 28,2009.
  81. ^Diaz, Eric (July 8, 2016)."KFC'S Col. Sanders Comes to the DC Multiverse. For Real".Nerdist.Archived fromthe originalon July 10, 2016.RetrievedJuly 10,2016.
  82. ^"Colonel Sanders teams up with Green Lantern for new comic book".Food and Wine.July 18, 2017.Archivedfrom the original on December 7, 2019.RetrievedSeptember 9,2019.
  83. ^General Hospital.Season 56. Episode 68. July 6, 2018.ABC.
  84. ^"General Hospital Official Twitter Account".Twitter.Archivedfrom the original on July 9, 2021.RetrievedJuly 6,2021.
  85. ^Miller, Laura (February 6, 2005)."Crossing Over".The New York Times.Archivedfrom the original on July 10, 2016.RetrievedJuly 10,2016.
  86. ^"KFC Just Released a Romance Novella Starring Colonel Sanders".Eater New Orleans.May 10, 2017.Archivedfrom the original on May 9, 2020.RetrievedSeptember 9,2019.
  87. ^Brown, Angela K,President of KFC Japan buys Colonel Sanders' trademark white suit at auction for $21KArchivedNovember 5, 2013, at theWayback MachineAssociated Press 6/22/13
  88. ^"KFC's Col. Sanders' White Suit Fetches $21,510".ABC News.June 22, 2012. Archived fromthe originalon June 27, 2013.RetrievedDecember 23,2016.
  89. ^"KFC Founder Colonel Harland Sander's Secret Manuscript to Be Revealed".Fox News.Associated Press.November 10, 2011.Archivedfrom the original on November 11, 2011.RetrievedNovember 12,2011.
  90. ^Peterson, Kim (November 11, 2011)."KFC discovers Colonel Sanders' secret book".MSN Money.Associated Press.Archived fromthe originalon July 3, 2014.RetrievedDecember 23,2016.
  91. ^"LOGORAMA".YouTube.2010.Archivedfrom the original on December 15, 2021.
  92. ^"Colonel Harland Sanders Charitable Organization, Inc".Canadian registered charities.Canada Revenue Agency.Archivedfrom the original on January 26, 2024.RetrievedFebruary 16,2018.
  93. ^"Child & Family Services".Trillium Health Partners.Archived fromthe originalon September 6, 2017.RetrievedJuly 12,2017.
  94. ^Picard, Andre(November 13, 2008)."Health care in a bucket with fries".The Globe and Mail.Archivedfrom the original on June 24, 2016.RetrievedFebruary 16,2018.
  95. ^"Colonel Harland Sanders Charitable Organization – Quick View".Charities listing.Canada Revenue Agency. November 27, 2019.Archivedfrom the original on January 26, 2024.RetrievedFebruary 16,2018.
  96. ^abc"Christmas with Colonel Sanders. Kentucky Fried Chicken".Archivedfrom the original on September 30, 2018.RetrievedSeptember 29,2018.

Sources

Further reading

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Colonel_Sanders&oldid=1232431941"