Commelinales
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| Commelinales Temporal range:Late Cretaceous- Recent
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| Tradescantia pallida | |
Scientific classification
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Clade: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Commelinales Mirb.exBercht.&J.Presl[1] |
| Families | |
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Commelinaceae | |
| Synonyms | |
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Haemodorales | |
Commelinalesis an order offlowering plants.It comprises five families:Commelinaceae,Haemodoraceae,Hanguanaceae,Philydraceae,andPontederiaceae.All the families combined contain over 885 species in about 70genera;the majority of species are in the Commelinaceae. Plants in the order share a number ofsynapomorphiesthat tie them together, such as a lack ofmycorrhizal associationsandtapetalraphides.Estimates differ as to when the Commelinales evolved, but most suggest an origin and diversification sometime during the mid- to lateCretaceous.Depending on the methods used, studies suggest a range of origin between 123 and 73 million years, with diversification occurring within the group 110 to 66 million years ago. The order's closest relatives are in theZingiberales,which includesginger,bananas,cardamom,and others.[2]
Taxonomy
[edit]According to the most recent classification scheme, theAPG IVof 2016, the order includes five families:[3]
This is unchanged from theAPG IIIof 2009 and theAPG IIof 2003, but different from the olderAPG systemof 1998, which did not include Hanguanaceae.
Previous classification systems
[edit]The olderCronquist systemof 1981, which was based purely on morphological data, placed the order in subclassCommelinidaeof classLiliopsidaand included the families Commelinaceae,Mayacaceae,RapateaceaeandXyridaceae.These families are now known to be only distantly related.[4][1] In the classification system ofDahlgrenthe Commelinales were one of four orders in thesuperorderCommeliniflorae (also called Commelinanae), and contained five families, of which only Commelinaceae has been retained by theAngiosperm Phylogeny Group.
References
[edit]- ^abAngiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009)."An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III".Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society.161(2): 105–121.doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x.hdl:10654/18083.
- ^Stevens, P. F. (2001 onwards). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 9, November 2011.
- ^Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016)."An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV".Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society.181(1): 1–20.doi:10.1111/boj.12385.ISSN0024-4074.
- ^The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. 2003An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II.Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 141: 399-436.
Data related toCommelinalesat Wikispecies
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