Condylar hypoplasia
 | This articlemay be too technical for most readers to understand.(November 2017) |
| Condylar hypoplasia |
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Condylar hypoplasiais known as underdevelopment of themandibular condyle.Congenitally (primary) caused condylar hypoplasia leads to underdeveloped condyle at birth.[1]Hypoplasiaofmandiblecan be diagnosed during birth, in comparison to thehyperplasiawhich is only diagnosed later in growth of an individual.
Types
[edit]Congenital (primary)
[edit]Congenital condylar hypoplasia happens when a person is born with smaller condyle than normal. The small condyle can be present either one or both sides of the lower jaw. This type of condition usually happens as part of systemic diseases such asHemifacial microsomia,Mandibulofacial Dysostosis,Goldenhar syndrome,Hurler syndrome,Proteus syndromeandMorquio syndrome.[2][3][4]
Acquired (secondary)
[edit]Acquired condylar hypoplasia happens when a person is not born with a small condyle but they sustain an injury during their growth which leads to this condition. The injury causes stop of growth in the condyle, resulting in a smaller condyle. The type of injuries that can happen are most traumatic in nature. Injury or infection related to ear, childhood rheumatoid arthritis and parathyroid hormone related deficiency are known to cause the injury.[1][5][6]
Presentation
[edit]Individuals with condylar hypoplasia may present with small mandible, symmetry in lower jaw and increasedoverjet.Depending on the presence or absence of the condyle, an individual may have limited opening of the mouth.
Diagnosis
[edit]![[icon]](/translate/en.wikipedia.org?u=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFile%3AWiki_letter_w_cropped.svg&t=hv){kind=small} | This section is empty.You can help byadding to it.(March 2019) |
Treatment
[edit]Treatment of this condyle usually requires a multi-team approach involving an oral surgeon, an orthodontist and a plastic surgeon.[5]A treatment usually involves some type of bone graft from one's own body to their low jaw. Acostochondral bone grafthas been successfully used to add bone to the mandible by oral and plastic surgeons.[7]This type of graft can be lengthened by a procedure known asdistraction osteogenesiswhich adds bone to the already placed graft. The graft is usually placed before the growth spurt occurs in an individual. The graft placement is later followed by anorthognathic surgeryafter the growth has finished in an individual.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^abShivhare, Peeyush; Shankarnarayan, Lata; Usha, null; Kumar, Mahesh; Sowbhagya, Malliger Basavaraju (2013)."Condylar aplasia and hypoplasia: a rare case".Case Reports in Dentistry.2013:745602.doi:10.1155/2013/745602.ISSN2090-6447.PMC3619622.PMID23634308.
- ^Kaneyama, Keiseki; Segami, Natsuki; Hatta, Toshihisa (September 2008)."Congenital deformities and developmental abnormalities of the mandibular condyle in the temporomandibular joint".Congenital Anomalies.48(3): 118–125.doi:10.1111/j.1741-4520.2008.00191.x.ISSN0914-3505.PMID18778456.
- ^DeLone, D. R.; Brown, W. D.; Gentry, L. R. (November 1999)."Proteus syndrome: craniofacial and cerebral MRI".Neuroradiology.41(11): 840–843.doi:10.1007/s002340050853.ISSN0028-3940.PMID10602859.S2CID23002970.
- ^Ozturk, Sendar; Sengezer, Mustafa; Isik, Selcuk; Gul, Davut (May 2005). "The Correction of Auricular and Mandibular Deformities in Auriculo-Condylar Syndrome".Journal of Craniofacial Surgery.16(3): 489–492.doi:10.1097/01.SCS.0000147655.94656.0D.ISSN1049-2275.PMID15915123.
- ^abCanger, E M; Çelenk, P (March 2012)."Aplasia of the mandibular condyle associated with some orthopaedic abnormalities".Dentomaxillofacial Radiology.41(3): 259–263.doi:10.1259/dmfr/93380292.ISSN0250-832X.PMC3520292.PMID22116127.
- ^Santos, K. C. P.; Dutra, M. E. P.; Costa, C.; Lascala, C. A.; Lascala, C. E.; de Oliveira, J. X. (October 2007). "Aplasia of the mandibular condyle".Dento Maxillo Facial Radiology.36(7): 420–422.doi:10.1259/dmfr/23852698.ISSN0250-832X.PMID17881603.S2CID8779977.
- ^Stelnicki, Eric J.; Hollier, Larry; Lee, Catherine; Lin, Wen-Yuan; Grayson, Barry; McCarthy, Joseph G. (March 2002). "Distraction osteogenesis of costochondral bone grafts in the mandible".Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery.109(3): 925–933, discussion 934–935.doi:10.1097/00006534-200203000-00017.ISSN0032-1052.PMID11884810.S2CID22551598.