Cordia
| Cordia | |
|---|---|
| |
| Cordia boissieriin bloom | |
Scientific classification
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Boraginales |
| Family: | Boraginaceae |
| Subfamily: | Cordioideae |
| Genus: | Cordia L. |
| Type species | |
| Cordia myxa L.[2]
| |
| Species[1] | |
|
228; see text | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
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List
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Cordiais agenusofflowering plantsin theboragefamily,Boraginaceae.It contains 228 species of shrubs and trees, that are found in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide.[1]Many of the species are commonly calledmanjack,whilebocotemay refer to severalCentral Americanspecies in Spanish.
The generic name honours German botanist and pharmacistValerius Cordus(1515–1544).[3]Like most other Boraginaceae, the majority havetrichomes(hairs) on the leaves.
Taxonomy
[edit]The taxonomy ofCordiais complex and controversial. Gottschling et al. (2005) say this is partly due to "extraordinarily high intraspecific variability" in some groups of species, making identification difficult, and partly due to new taxa having been "airily described on the basis of poorly preserved herbarium specimens".[4]
Selected species
[edit]- Cordia africanaLam.– White manjack
- Cordia alliodora(Ruiz & Pav.)Oken– Spanish elm, Ecuador laurel, salmwood, bocote (Neotropics)[5]
- Cordia boissieriA.DC.– Anacahuita, Texas olive (southernTexas,NorthernMexico)
- Cordia curassavica(Jacq.) Roem. & Schult.– Black sage, wild sage
- Cordia dentataPoir.– White manjack
- Cordia dichotomaG.Forst– Fragrant manjack, bird lime tree (Tropical Asia andAustralasia)[6]
- Cordia leucophlyctisHook f.– (endemic to theGalápagos Islands)
- Cordia luteaLam.– Yellow cordia (western South America, including theGalápagos Islands)
- Cordia monoica
- Cordia myxaL.– Assyrian plum (South Asia)
Cordia domesticais treated as a separate species by some sources, and asC. myxavar.domesticaby others.[7]Cordia obliquaWilld.(the clammy cherry) has been placed in the "Cordia myxacomplex ",[8]or treated as asynonymforCordia dichotoma.[9] - Cordia platythyrsaBaker– West African cordia
- Cordia rupicolaUrban– Puerto Rico manjack (Puerto Rico)
- Cordia sebestenaL.– Geiger tree, large-leaf Geigertree (southernFlorida,Greater Antilles,Central America)
- Cordia sinensisLam.(=C. gharaf) – Grey-leafed saucerberry
- Cordia subcordataLam.–Kou,tou,marer(Africa,South Asia,Southeast Asia,northernAustralia,Pacific Islands)
- Cordia sulcataDC.– Mucilage manjack, laylay, white manjack, wild clammy cherry
- Cordia trichotoma(Vell.) Arráb. ex Steud.
Formerly placed here
[edit]- Carmona retusa(Vahl) Masam.(asC. retusaVahl)[10]
Ecology
[edit]Cordiaspecies are used as food plants by thecaterpillarsof someLepidopteraspecies, such asEndoclita malabaricus,Bucculatrix caribbea,andBucculatrix cordiaella.[11]The wild olive tortoise beetle (Physonota alutacea) feeds onC. boissieri,C. dentata,C. inermis,andC. macrostachya.[12]
Uses
[edit]Ornamental
[edit]Many members of this genus have fragrant, showyflowersand are popular ingardens,although they are not especially hardy.[13]
As food
[edit]A number of the tropical species have ediblefruits,known by a wide variety of names includingclammy cherries,glue berries,sebesten,orsnotty gobbles.InIndia,the fruits of local species are used as avegetable,raw, cooked, orpickled,and are known by many names, includinglasorainHindi.One such species is fragrant manjack (C. dichotoma), which is calledgundaortenti delain Hindi andlasurainNepali.The fruit of the fragrant manjack is calledphoà-pò·-chí( phá bố tử ), thụ tử tử, or thụ tử (Pe̍h-ōe-jī:chhiū-chí) inTaiwanwhere they are eatenpickled.
Glue
[edit]The white, gooey inner pulp of the fruits is traditionally used to make glue.[citation needed]
Wood
[edit]The wood of severalCordiaspecies is commercially harvested. Ecuador laurel (C. alliodora),ziricote(C. dodecandra), Spanish elm (C. gerascanthus), andC. goeldianaare used to make furniture and doors in Central and South America.[13]
Ziricote[14]andbocote[15]are sometimes used astonewoodsfor making the backs and sides of high-endacoustic guitarssuch as theRichard Thompsonsignature model fromLowden.[16]Similarly,drumsare made fromC. abyssinica,C. millenii,andC. platythyrsadue to the resonance of the wood.[17]
Smoking
[edit]Cordia leaves can be dried and used to smoke marijuana with.[18]
Gallery
[edit]-
C. sinensisfoliage and fruit. -
C. sinensistrees. -
Fruits ofCordia goetzei
References
[edit]
- ^abcCordiaL.Plants of the World Online.Retrieved 8 July 2024.
- ^"CordiaL. "TROPICOS.Missouri Botanical Garden.Retrieved2009-10-20.
- ^Quattrocchi, Umberto (2000).CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names: A-C.CRC Press. pp. 612–613.ISBN978-0-8493-2675-2.
- ^Gottschling, Marc; Miller, James S.; Weigend, Maximilian & Hilger, Hartmut H. (2005-10-01). "Congruence of a Phylogeny of Cordiaceae (Boraginales) Inferred from ITS1 Sequence Data with Morphology, Ecology, and Biogeography".Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden.92(3): 425–437.JSTOR40035480.
- ^Grandtner, Miroslav M. (2005).Elsevier's Dictionary of Trees.Vol. 1. Elsevier. pp. 252–260.ISBN978-0-444-51784-5.
- ^"Cordia dichotomaForst. f. "Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Plant Growth Facilities.University of Connecticut. 2009-10-06. Archived fromthe originalon 2008-05-15.Retrieved2009-10-20.
- ^"Cordia domestica".The Plant List.Retrieved2015-06-26.
- ^"Cordia obliqua".Germplasm Resources Information Network.Agricultural Research Service,United States Department of Agriculture.Retrieved2015-06-26.
- ^"Cordia obliqua".The Plant List.Retrieved2015-06-26.
- ^"Species Records ofCordia".Germplasm Resources Information Network.United States Department of Agriculture.Retrieved2010-08-21.
- ^Davis, Donald R.; Bernard Landry; Lazaro Roque-albelo (2002)."Two new Neotropical species of Bucculatrix leaf miners (Lepidoptera: Bucculatricidae) reared from Cordia (Boraginaceae)".Revue Suisse de Zoologie.109(2): 277–294.doi:10.5962/bhl.part.79591.
- ^Quinn, Mike."Wild Olive Tortoise BeetlePhysonota alutaceaBoheman, 1854 ".Texas Beetle Information.Texas Entomology.Retrieved2010-04-05.
- ^abBennett, Masha (2003).Pulmonarias and the Borage Family.Timber Press. pp.196–198.ISBN978-0-88192-589-0.
- ^http://www.lmii.com/CartTwo/thirdproducts.asp?CategoryName=+Backs+and+Sides&NameProdHeader=ZiricoteLuthiers Mercantile page about Ziricote
- ^http://www.lmii.com/CartTwo/thirdproducts.asp?CategoryName=+Backs+and+Sides&NameProdHeader=BocoteLuthiers Mercantile page about Ziricote
- ^Presad, Anil (October 2009)."Richard Thompson"(PDF).Guitar Player:50. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 2011-06-10.
- ^Tudge, Colin (2007).The Tree.Random House. p. 237.ISBN978-0-307-39539-9.
- ^"Why leaf pre-rolled cones make the cleanest, tobacco-free blunts".Leafly.2021-01-13.Retrieved2021-01-14.
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