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Crash Bandicoot

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This article is about the video game franchise. For the titular character, seeCrash Bandicoot (character).For the first video game in the series, seeCrash Bandicoot (video game).For the fossil species, seeCrash bandicoot (species).

Crash Bandicoot
Logo since 2020
Genre(s)
Developer(s)
Others:
Publisher(s)
Others:
    • Konami(2001–03)
    • Coktel(2004)
    • WonderPhone(2004–05)[1]
    • Digital Bridges(2004–2005)[2]
    • In-Fusio(2003–05)
    • Vivendi Games Mobile(2006–09)
    • Glu Mobile(2009)
    • King(2021)
Creator(s)
Platform(s)
First releaseCrash Bandicoot
September 9, 1996
Latest releaseCrash Team Rumble
June 20, 2023

Crash Bandicootis avideo gamefranchise originally developed byNaughty Dogas an exclusive forSony'sPlayStationconsole. It has seen numerous installments created by various developers and published on multiple platforms. The series consists predominantly ofplatform games,but also includesspin-offsin thekart racingandparty gamegenres. The series was originally produced byUniversal Interactive,which later became known asVivendi Games;in 2008, Vivendi merged withActivision,which currently owns and publishes the franchise.

The games are mostly set on the fictitious Wumpa Islands, an archipelago situated to the south of Australia where humans andmutantanimals co-exist, although other locations are common. The protagonist of the series is a genetically enhancedbandicootnamedCrash,whose quiet life on the Wumpa Islands is often interrupted by his creator and the games' mainantagonist,Doctor Neo Cortex,who attempts to eliminate Crash as a constant hindrance to his plots for world domination.

History

[edit]
See also:List of Crash Bandicoot video gamesandList of Crash Bandicoot mobile games
Release timeline
1996Crash Bandicoot
1997Crash Bandicoot 2: Cortex Strikes Back
1998Crash Bandicoot: Warped
1999Crash Team Racing
2000Crash Bash
2001Crash Bandicoot: The Wrath of Cortex
2002Crash Bandicoot: The Huge Adventure
2003Crash Bandicoot 2: N-Tranced
Crash Nitro Kart
2004Crash Bandicoot Purple: Ripto's Rampage
Crash Twinsanity
2005Crash Tag Team Racing
2006Crash Boom Bang!
2007Crash of the Titans
2008Crash Bandicoot Nitro Kart 3D
Crash: Mind over Mutant
2009Crash Bandicoot: Mutant Island
2010Crash Bandicoot Nitro Kart 2
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017Crash Bandicoot N. Sane Trilogy
2018
2019Crash Team Racing Nitro-Fueled
2020Crash Bandicoot 4: It's About Time
2021Crash Bandicoot: On the Run!
2022
2023Crash Team Rumble

1996–2000: PlayStation exclusivity

[edit]

After presentingWay of the WarriortoMark CernyofUniversal Interactive Studios,Naughty Dogwas signed on to the company for three additional games.[3]In August 1994,Andy GavinandJason Rubinbegan their move fromBoston,MassachusettstoLos Angeles,California.[4]During the trip, Gavin and Rubin decided to create a 3D action-platform game, taking inspiration from 16-bit-era game series such asDonkey Kong Country,MarioandSonic.[5]Because the player would be forced to constantly look at the character's backside, the game was jokingly code-named "Sonic's Ass Game ".[3]The basic technology for the game and theCrash Bandicootseries as a whole was created somewhere nearGary,Indiana.The rough game theory was designed nearColorado.Soon afterward, Gavin and Rubin discarded their previous game design forAl O. Saurus and Dinestein,aside-scrolling video gamebased ontime traveland scientists genetically merged withdinosaurs.[4]After moving into the Universal Interactive backlot, Gavin and Rubin met with Mark Cerny, discussed the design of the game and made an agreement to go into production.[3]In September 1994, Gavin and Rubin decided to develop their new game for thePlayStation,after which Rubin began character design.[4]In November 1994, Naughty Dog hired Dave Baggett, their first employee and a friend of Gavin's from theMassachusetts Institute of Technology.[3][4]Together, Gavin and Baggett created the development tool "Game Oriented ObjectLISP"(GOOL), which would be used to create the characters and gameplay of the game.[3]In January 1995, Rubin became concerned about the programmer-to-artist ratio and hiredBob Rafeiand Taylor Kurosaki as additional artists.[3][4]

Needing a lead character for the game, Naughty Dog recruited artistsCharles Zembillasand Joe Pearson and met with them weekly to create the characters and environments of the game,[3][4]eventually creating a character named "Willy theWombat".[6]The marketing director of Universal Interactive insisted that the character be named "Wez", "Wuzzles" or "Wizzy the Wombat".[7]On creating the levels for the game, Zembillas and Pearson first sketched each environment, designing and creating additional individual elements later. They aimed for an organic, overgrown look to the game and worked to completely avoid straight lines and 90-degree corners. A Naughty Dog artist sketched every single background object in the game before it was modeled. The artists were tasked with making the best use of textures and reducing the amount of geometry. Dark and light elements were juxtaposed to create visual interest and separate geometry. The Naughty Dog artists would squint when sketching, texturing and playing the levels to make sure they could be played by light value alone. Correct use of color was an important goal for Naughty Dog's artists; for example, mutually accentuating colors were chosen as the theme for the "Lost City" and "Sunset Vista" levels. The interior of Doctor Neo Cortex's castle was designed to reflect Cortex's twisted mind.[8]

After the main character's creation, the team went into three months of developing the game. The game first became functional in April 1995 and became playable in June 1995. The first 3 levels in the game were completed by August 1995. However, they were judged to be too difficult to appear so early in the game and were moved to the game's power plant area. Artist Charlotte Francis joined Naughty Dog at around this time.[4]In September 1995, a videotape ofCrash Bandicootwas shown toSony Computer Entertainmentbehind closed doors.[3][4]While playing the game during development, Rubin realized that there were many empty areas in the game due to the PlayStation's inability to process numerous on-screen enemy characters at the same time. Additionally, players were solving the game's puzzles too fast. Rubin soon came up with the idea of a box and putting various symbols on the sides to create puzzles. Breaking these boxes would serve to fill in the boring parts of the levels and give the player additional puzzles.[7]The first "crate" was placed in the game in January 1996, and would become the primary gameplay element of the series.[4]Willy the Wombat's destruction of the crates would eventually lead him to be renamed "Crash Bandicoot".[4][7]In March 1996, Sony agreed to publishCrash Bandicoot,which went into the alpha stage in April 1996.Crash Bandicootwas first shown at theElectronic Entertainment Expoin May 1996.

Development ofCortex Strikes Backbegan in October 1996. For the game, Andy Gavin created a new engine and scripting language named "Game Oriented ObjectLISP2 "(GOOL 2) that was three times faster than the previous game's engine, could handle ten times the animation frames and twice the polygon count.[3][4]The jungle levels were originally to have featured ground fog, but this was abandoned when magazines and the public began to heavily criticize other developers for using fog to hide polygon count. Sunlight and depth accentuation was experimented with for these levels. Wanting to have some "dirty" locations in the game, Naughty Dog worked in the sewer levels and added color contrast to the levels to show depth and break up the repetitive monotony of the endless sewer pipes.[8]A flat planez-bufferwas created for the game; because the water surfaces and mud in the jungle had to be a flat plane and be exactly flat on the Y-axis, there could be no waves and the subdividing plane could not be at an odd angle. The effect only worked on objects in the foreground and was only used on Crash, some enemies and a few boxes at the same time.[3]The soundtrack ofCrash Bandicoot 2: Cortex Strikes Backwas provided byMutato Muzika(consisting ofMark MothersbaughandJosh Mancell), while the sound effects were created by Universal Sound Studios (consisting of Mike Gollom, Ron Horwitz and Kevin Spears). The characters were designed by Charles Zembillas of American Exitus, Incorporated.Clancy Brownprovided the voice of Doctor Neo Cortex, whileBrendan O'Brienvoiced the dual role of Doctor N. Gin and Doctor Nitrus Brio and Vicki Winters voiced Coco Bandicoot.[9]The game was unveiled at theElectronic Entertainment ExpoinAtlanta,Georgia in June 1997 to a positive response from the game industry. The game went into the alpha stage in August 1997. Around that time, Dan Arey, the lead designer ofGex: Enter the Gecko,joined Naughty Dog and streamlined the level design.[4]

Like the first, the second game was a commercial success, green-lighting a third game. Production ofCrash Bandicoot: Warpedbegan in January 1998, with Naughty Dog given only 10½ months to complete the game.[3][4]Programmers Andy Gavin, Stephen White and Greg Omi created three new gameplay engines for the game. Two of the three new engines were three-dimensional in nature and were created for the airplane and jet-ski levels; the third new engine was created for the motorcycle levels in the style of adriving simulator.The new engines combined make up a third of the game, while the other two-thirds of the game consist of the tweaked engine used in the previous games. Jason Rubin explained that the "classic" engine and game style was preserved due to the success of the previous two games and went on to say that "were we to abandon that style of gameplay, that would mean that we would be abandoning a significant proportion of gamers out there". An arbitrary planez-bufferwas created for the jet-ski and flooded Egyptian hallway levels of the game.[3]To create a completely fluid feel for the water on these levels, anenvironment mapthat reflects the sky was fitted onto the surface of the water. A realshadowwas given to the Crash character at the request of theSony Computer Entertainment Americaproducers, who were "sick of that little discus that's following him around." To create an "arcade" experience in the airplane levels and to differentiate them from flight simulators, the enemy planes were programmed to come out in front of the player and give the player ample time to shoot them before they turn around and shoot the player rather than come up behind the player and hit them from behind. The Relic system was introduced to give players a reason to return to the game after it has been completed.[10]

Also in 1998,Tiger Electronicsreleased a series called99X,each containing a black and white video game as opposed to theLCD gamesthey were commonly known for. These were handhelds fitted with a dot-matrix screen, allowing for a wide variety of backgrounds and gameplay for a single game. Althoughrunning a software programstored in ROM, the systems werededicated consoles,similar to theplug-and-play TV gamesof the 2000s decade.[11]A Crash Bandicoot game, simply titledCrash Bandicoot,was released as part of this series. Despite its name and being a platformer like its predecessors, it is not an adaptation of nor bears any relation to the 1996 game, instead featuring a plot of its own involving Crash retrieving treasure from a mansion haunted by a ghost named Mr. Crumb and his cronies.[12]This was the first handheld game to be released in the series, as well as the first to include a multiplayer mode.

While initially Naughty Dog was only signed on to make three games,Crash Team Racingwas a possibleCrash 3as it started out in production afterCrash 2and the game which was finished first in production would be released first. However, Naughty Dog had already gotten far into the project and decided to finish it and release it. David Baggett produced the game's soundtrack, withMark MothersbaughandJosh MancellofMutato Muzikacomposing the music. Sound effects were created by Mike Gollum, Ron Horwitz and Kevin Spears of Universal Sound Studios.[13]This marked the end of Naughty Dog's Crash Bandicoot games.

With the release ofCrash Bash,Universal Interactive's publishing deal with SCE had ended. Crash's prominent status within the video game community prompted the company to make Crash a multiplatform series, giving the series toMark CernyandVicarious Visionsto develop two separate but connected games.

2001–2006: Transition to third party

[edit]

Crash Bandicoot: The Wrath of Cortexwas originally to be designed by Cerny and published by Sony. After a falling-out between Universal and the two entities, developerTraveller's Taleswas forced to alter the game from afree-roamingtitle to a standardCrashtitle. Traveller's Tales had to begin development of the game from scratch and were given only twelve months to complete it.[14]The game was released in 2001 by Universal andKonami(who would publish the game in Japan) for thePlayStation 2,and was followed by ports forGameCubeandXboxin 2002; it received mixed reviews but made the Greatest Hits lineup due to strong sales.

The following year, Universal would release their first Crash Bandicoot game, a handheld exclusive calledThe Huge Adventuredeveloped by Vicarious Visions for theGame Boy Advanceand released to favorable reviews. It would warrant a sequel,N-Tranced,which would also be met to similar reception. During this time Traveller's Tales' Oxford Studio were developing a newCrashgame for consoles. This game was to beCrash Nitro Kartbut due to unknown circumstances Universal moved development ofCrash Nitro Kartover to Vicarious Visions. Traveller's Tales Oxford Studio then moved on to their next project,Crash Bandicoot Evolution.

Crash Bandicoot Evolutionwas set to create a new form of gameplay for Crash, with the game planned to be a platformer/RPG with many different elements planned for the game; it eventually becameCrash Twinsanity.Although Traveller's Tales planned on creating a Crash Bandicoot game titledCortex Chaosand a sequel toCrash Twinsanity,Universal never picked up the games, effectively cancelling them. Vicarious Visions's fourth and final game wasCrash Bandicoot Purple: Ripto's Rampagefor the Game Boy Advance, a crossover with theSpyrofranchise and companion game toSpyro Orange: The Cortex Conspiracy.

AlthoughCortex Chaosand the sequel toCrash Twinsanitywere cancelled, Traveller's Tales was nonetheless commissioned to develop one final Crash Bandicoot game. It was to be a kart racing game titledCrash Clash Racing.However, Traveller's Tales was taken off the project as it was given toRadical Entertainment.The new studio proceeded to change the project into an entirely new game, keeping only two core ideas, clashing and fusion. The game marked the first game published under Universal'sSierra Entertainmentbrand, and the first game to use Radical's Titanium Engine, receiving the titleCrash Tag Team Racing.

The following yearDimpsdevelopedCrash Boom Bang!,which was released on July 20, 2006 for theNintendo DS.Due to the game being developed in Japan it features redesigns of the characters originally used in Japanese promotion artwork of the original PlayStation games, though Crash's model was altered to resemble hisTwinsanitymodel in international releases.[15]The game received highly negative reviews from critics and is considered one of the worstCrashgames of all time.[16][17]

2007–2010: Redesign

[edit]

Development onCrash of the Titans,Radical's second title, began after the completion ofCrash Tag Team Racing.[18]The graphics of theWiiversion of the game was one ofRadical Entertainment's main focuses in the game's development,[19]with Radical stating that the Wii has "a lot of horsepower under the hood" and expressing their desire to make full use of it.[20]They also considered implementing a feature to connect the Wii to DS during gameplay, but stopped due to technical issues and time limitations.[21]TheXbox 360version got a few extra months of development time to improve its graphics before setting a final release date.[22]The game was the last of the series to be published by Vivendi Games before its merge withActivision.

While the game was being developed, the title's main character, Crash Bandicoot, became the new mascot of theLeukemia & Lymphoma Society's "School and Youth" programs in an effort to promote the battle against blood cancer.[23]In a bid to further promote the game, aHummerwas painted with imagery from the game and displayed at the Annual Balloon Fiesta inBristol,United Kingdom.[24]A "Monster Edition" of the game was released exclusively in Europe on October 12, 2007 for the PlayStation 2. This special edition of the game features "Making-of" videos, water-on tattoos, game hints, a cheat code list, and the game's E3 and theatrical trailers in multiple languages. Due to its "mild cartoon violence and language", the game received a PG rating from theBBFC.[25]

Development onCrash: Mind over Mutant,Radical's third and final Crash title, began immediately after the completion ofCrash of the Titans.The idea of preserving a Titan for later use came from the play testing sessions ofCrash of the Titans,in which the testers were found to be reluctant to leave the Titans behind after an epic battle was won. Fans of the series were also a source of inspiration forCrash: Mind over Mutant,having such wishes as a free-roaming environment, Coco Bandicoot being a playable character and the return of the character Doctor Nitrus Brio. Full camera control was considered for the game, but was rejected for graphical reasons and to avoid having to insert a split-screen view in the cooperation mode.[26]Online gameplay was also considered as a feature in the finished game,[27]but was omitted due to the brief development schedule.[28]Coco Bandicoot as a playable character was omitted from the PlayStation 2 version of the game due to her distinct animations taking up much of the console's memory.[28]The Wii version ofCrash: Mind over Mutantwas created first, with the graphics scaled up for the Xbox 360, and scaled down for the PlayStation 2.[29]

In 2010, rumors appeared that Radical Entertainment was developing a fourthCrash Bandicoottitle, under the nameCrash Landed,but due to large layoffs in the studio, the game was cancelled with all remaining developers put to work onPrototype 2.[30]The DS edition of this game would be in development byRenegade Kidfor approximately two weeks before similarly being cancelled by Activision.[31][32][33]High Impact Gameswas developing a reboot ofCrash Team Racingfor PlayStation 3, Xbox 360 and Wii, but the game was cancelled by Activision before the initial prototype. Several ideas for the game eventually made it intoDreamWorks Super Star Kartz.[34]

2011–2016: Hiatus

[edit]

On aKotakuinterview with then-Activision CEOEric Hirshbergregarding the future of theCrashseries, he said, "I don't have anything official to announce, but I can speak as an individual, I loveCrash Bandicoot.Those were some of my favorite video games growing up. And I would love to find a way to bring him back, if we could. "[35]Andy Gavin, co-creator of Crash Bandicoot, has said that he would love to see a HD version of the marsupial's first four games, or even a full-blown reboot.[36]Jason Rubin, co-creator of Crash Bandicoot, said he was hopeful that Activision would "bring Crash back to their glory days and that the character is still very dear to fans between 18–49 years".[37]A new design of Crash Bandicoot was spotted in a photo from theVicarious Visions's studio, raising rumors that a new game might have been in development,[38]though this was later confirmed to be concept art from a previous Crash Bandicoot cancelled game.[39]

In June 2013, co-creator Andy Gavin suggested ways to revitalize the series. "Crash needs a total reboot. There's an opportunity to reset the history, and go back to his creation story and the original conflict with Cortex. In that context, you could reprise classicCrash1 and 2's settings and villains. It would make sense to use a more modern, free-roaming style. I would concentrate onLooney Tunes-esque animation and really addictive action. That's what we did with the originalCrash,and there's no reason it couldn't be done today. Given the currentCrashgames, people forget that he was once cool. Our Crash had a certain whimsical edge to him. Sure, it was goofy—but it wasn't dumb. ".[40]

In November 2013, rumours began circulating that Sony bought the rights to the franchise from Activision.[41]Speculations were fueled after the release ofPlayStation 4's #4ThePlayers campaign, featuring a road sign with a silhouette ofCrash,and an arrow pointing towards the orange diamond logo ofSony Computer Entertainment.[42][43]Publications such asIGNreported thatCrashwas removed fromActivision's official website,[44]which seemed to add further credibility to the rumor. However, shortly after, this was proven false, as an Activision representative toldGame Informerthat "[Activision still owns]Crash Bandicootand we continue to explore ways in which we could bring the beloved series to life ".[45]

In July 2014, Sony Computer Entertainment CEO Andrew House revealed that reviving theCrash Bandicootseries was something that they have been thinking about, saying "It's never off the table.", and Naughty Dog also revealed through anIGNinterview the possibility that they may revive both series ofCrash Bandicootas well asJak & Daxter.[46]In January 2015, however, Naughty Dog's Josh Scherr stated in an interview with Game Informer that Naughty Dog did not miss working on either series and had no intention of bringing them back to life.[47]Despite this, Naughty Dog co-president Evan Wells stated that the company would love to return toCrash Bandicootbut did not see it as viable.[48]

On December 5, 2015, rumors of a possibleCrash Bandicootreturn flared up once again whenSIE Worldwide StudiosChairman and SCEA President and CEOShawn Laydenappeared onstage atPlayStation Experiencewearing a Crash Bandicoot shirt. Layden, however, never mentioned the series at the event, and has yet to address why he wore the shirt.[49]In February 2016, a newCrashgame appeared to be on the horizon whenNECADirector of Product Development Randy Falk stated in an interview with YouTuber Pixel Dan that the company had "a lot of stuff going on with Sony" before mentioning that "I see they're bringing Crash Bandicoot back, so there's some great stuff there."[50]Shortly after, however, an NECA representative clarified withGameSpotthat Falk's comments were misunderstood, and that Falk was only speaking of a hypothetical return of the series after seeing a fan-made Crash art just before being interviewed.[51]

Naughty Dog's 2016 gameUncharted 4: A Thief's Endfeatures protagonistNathan Drakeplaying a level from the originalCrash Bandicoot,further adding to the rumor that a return for the series was imminent.[52]Speculation was fueled even further when it was discovered that Activision's legal ownership of the franchise was not mentioned anywhere in the game's credits, sparking rumors that the franchise had been purchased by Sony.[53]Lex Lang,the then-most-recent voice actor of Dr. Neo Cortex, also hinted on Facebook that he was asked to reprise his role.[54]However, shortly after, the rumors and speculations were derailed when Sony VP of Publisher RelationsAdam Boyesconfirmed on Twitter that Activision still owns the rights to the franchise,[55]and Lang clarified that he was not teasing aCrash Bandicootrevival, and that he had not been asked to return to the series, but would be open to potentially lending his voice to a newCrashgame in the future.[56]

2016–present: Revival

[edit]

AtE3 2016during Sony's press conference, after years of rumors, speculation and outcry, Crash Bandicoot finally made his official return when it was announced, in a timed partnership with Activision, that the first three games from the original PlayStation would be remade from the ground up. Crash would also be a playable character in Activision's then-upcoming toys-to-life gameSkylanders: Imaginators,released on October 16, 2016. It was announced atGamescom2016 that Dr. Neo Cortex would also be playable inImaginators,and that aCrash-themed level was created for the game, "Thumpin' Wumpa Islands".[57]TheCrash Bandicoot N. Sane Trilogy,a collection of remasters of the first three games in the series, was developed byVicarious Visionsand released for the PlayStation 4 on June 30, 2017.[58][59]Vicarious Visions had also expressed interest in making a newCrash Bandicootgame following theN. Sane Trilogy's release.[60]Two additional levels were added as post-launch downloadable content, and theN. Sane Trilogywas eventually ported to theNintendo Switch,Xbox One,andMicrosoft Windowson June 29, 2018 with assistance fromSkylandersdeveloperToys for Bob.

During an interview with Metro Game Central, Vicarious Visions producer Kara Massie refused to rule out the possibility of a remaster ofCrash Team Racingfor the PlayStation 4. Massie has also acknowledged that she was repeatedly asked about revivals ofCrash Team RacingandSpyro the Dragonby fans.[citation needed]At the time, Massie had not confirmed if the games would be in the works following the release ofN. Sane Trilogy.[61]A remake ofCrash Team Racingwas teased on December 4, 2018 when then-PlayStation Access presenter Hollie Bennett shared an image of two orange fuzzy dice on Twitter, with an announcement to come two days later at the 2018 Game Awards. The remaster, titledCrash Team Racing Nitro-Fueled,was formally revealed at the awards show and released on June 21, 2019 for the PlayStation 4, Xbox One, and Nintendo Switch[62][63]with no current plans for a PC version. The remaster was developed from the ground up byBeenox,another subsidiary of Activision, and also incorporates remastered characters, tracks & karts fromCrash Nitro Kart(previously developed by Vicarious Visions)[64]as well as remastered characters, karts, and skins fromCrash Tag Team Racing.[65]The game also features retro-themed content exclusive to the PlayStation 4 version and monthly timed Grand Prix races with additional unlockable characters at no extra charge.[66][67]

On June 21, 2020, the officialCrash Bandicootsocial media channels posted a teaser revealing the title of the nextCrash Bandicootgame,Crash Bandicoot 4: It's About Time;[68]the game was released for PlayStation 4 and Xbox One on October 2, 2020,[69]and forNintendo Switch,PlayStation 5,andXbox Series X and Series Son March 12, 2021.[70]Crash Bandicoot: On the Run!,anendless running gameforAndroidandiOS,was announced in July 2020,[71]aftersoft launchingon Android in select regions inSoutheast Asiaon April 22, 2020 under the titleCrash Bandicoot Mobile.[72]The game, developed and published byKingin collaboration with Activision, was released on March 25, 2021.[73]

In December 2022, multiplayer gameCrash Team Rumblewas announced for the PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Xbox One and Xbox Series X/S, atThe Game Awards.The game was released on 20 June 2023.[74]

In 2024, video game leaker Liam Robertson claimed that Activision had cancelled what could have been a direct sequel toCrash Bandicoot 4,submitting alleged artworks and story concepts as its proof. The project was pitched byCrash Bandicoot 4developer Toys For Bob, and was to featuremultiverseelements and a crossover withSpyro.Robertson argued that Activision canned the game in early stage of development because it consideredCrash Bandicoot 4's sales underwhelming and foundlive service gamespreferable.[75][76][77]

Common gameplay elements

[edit]

Crash Bandicootis primarily a platforming series. The goal of each level is to guide Crash from the beginning to the end, travelling either into the screen, towards the player or left and right in aside-scrollingmanner. Several levels place Crash in unique situations which require the use of motorbikes, jet skis, submarines and various wild animals to complete the level.

In the originalCrash Bandicoot,Crash's move-set is rather limited; he can run, jump and spin his way through treacherous environments and hostile creatures.Cortex Strikes Backintroduces several new moves for Crash to utilize, including a high jump, high spin jump, body slam and slide attack.Warpedexpands on this by awarding the player with new abilities after eachbossis defeated, which was carried over toThe Wrath of Cortex.The player can also spin and slide at the same time when pressing the right buttons.

Collectibles

[edit]

The most common collectible in the series is Wumpa Fruit, which is found on the main path of most levels, as well as inside most crates. Collecting 100 Wumpa Fruits will award the player anextra life.Wumpa Fruit takes on other uses in most spin-off titles, such as restoringhealthin certainCrash Bashlevels and increasing weapon power inCrash Team Racing.In recent titles, Wumpa Fruit is used to replenish Crash's health, with Mojo effectively replacing it as the new main collectible item. By collecting Aku Aku masks, Crash can be protected from harm from most enemies and obstacles (though certain elements such as bottomless pits will cause him to lose a life regardless). Crash can collect up to two masks for two extra hits of damage, with an additional mask granting him temporary invincibility. When Crash collects two masks, Aku Aku will turn gold in most games; however, inCrash Twinsanity,Aku Aku will sparkle.

The other major recurring valuables Crash finds on his adventures include Gems and Crystals. Most Gems in the series are won by breaking open every crate in a level. Starting withCortex Strikes Back,an additional five colored Gems can be obtained by completing special tasks or finding hidden areas.Crash Twinsanitycontains six colored Gems per level, most of which are earned by solving a small puzzle. Crystals, which play a key role in the plot of mostCrashgames followingCortex Strikes Back,are usually required to make progress through most games. Relics, first introduced inWarped,are earned in Time Trial modes, with more valuable relics earned for higher times. In the original game, players can also obtain two keys after completing two Cortex bonus rounds, which are used to unlock two extra levels.

Crates

[edit]

Crates come in several varieties and can be found in abundance across Crash's world. Most crates will assist the player's journey through the game, providing Wumpa Fruit, additional hit points in the form ofAku Akumasks and extra lives. In most games, players will be awarded a gem if they break all the crates in a level.

TNTandNitroCrates are the only boxes that can damage Crash. TNT Crates have a three-second fuse when jumped on, but Nitro Crates will explode instantly upon any contact with Crash or anything else that runs into them. Switch Boxes (distinguished by anexclamation mark) are used to make previously invisible crates appear. A green Switch Box will detonate all Nitro Crates in the level.

Crates marked with a "C" arecheckpointsthat Crash will return to if he is killed during play. Locked Crates are protected by a metal casing that can only be destroyed with Crash's body slam move, while Spring Crates allow him to reach high up areas by bouncing on them. Slot Boxes rapidly switch between multiple types of crates, and if they are not broken in time, will become metallic and indestructible. Time Boxes are a special crate found exclusively in Time Trial mode. They will freeze the clock for the number of seconds displayed on the box, increasing the player's chance of beating the time trial.

Structure

[edit]

The originalCrash Bandicootuses a fairly linear structure in which Crash clears through levels on a map, with some areas accessible by locating gems. Beginning withCortex Strikes Back,the game usually takes place in a hub world called a Warp Room, with levels divided up into sets of five. To progress, the player must find and collect a Crystal within each of the stages, which can be played in any order, before facing the boss of each room. FromTwinsanityonwards, the games took a more free-roaming approach, with Crash travelling various areas on foot.

Music

[edit]

Numerous composers have contributedmusicto theCrash Bandicootseries.Mutato Muzika'sJosh Mancellwas responsible for the music of the first four games. After the fourth game, numerous other composers were responsible for the music in other games. Steve Duckworth composed music forCrash Bash,Andy Blythe and Marten JoustraforThe Wrath of Cortex,Ashif Hakik and Todd Masten forCrash Nitro Kartand Spiralmouth composinga cappellaforTwinsanity.The music forTag Team Racingwas composed by both Spiralmouth and Marc Baril, whileCrash of the TitansandMind Over Mutantwere composed by Baril alone.

Developers and publishers

[edit]

The first fourCrash Bandicootgames were developed byNaughty Dog.Bashwas developed byEurocom Entertainment Software.The Wrath of CortexandTwinsanitywere respectively developed byTraveller's Talesand its Oxford studio.The Huge Adventure(Crash Bandicoot XSin Europe),2: N-Tranced,Nitro Kart,Purple: Ripto's Rampage(Crash Bandicoot Fusionin Europe) andN. Sane Trilogywere developed byVicarious Visions.Tag Team Racing,Crash of the TitansandMind over Mutantwere developed byRadical Entertainment.Boom Bang!was developed byDimps.Team Racing Nitro-Fueledwas developed byBeenox.It's About Timewas developed byToys for Bob.

The first fiveCrashtitles were published worldwide by Sony Computer Entertainment.Wrath of Cortexup untilTwinsanitywere published byUniversal Interactive(now the defunctVivendi Games).Tag Team Racing,Boom Bang!andCrash of the Titanswere published by Sierra Entertainment. All games sinceMind over Mutanthave been published byActivision.[78]

FromWrath of CortexuntilNitro Kart,Konamihandled publishing and distribution for the Japanese market and also co-published the worldwide release ofThe Wrath of Cortexfor PS2. The Japanese versions ofN. Sane Trilogywere published bySony Interactive Entertainmentfor PS4[79]and bySegaof Japan for Nintendo Switch;[80]Sega subsequently handledTeam Racing Nitro-Fueledfor Japan as well.[81]

Other media

[edit]

Manga

[edit]

In 1998,Coro Coro Comicsdeveloped amangaseries titledCrash Bandicoot—Dansu! de Jump! na Daibōken,loosely based on the events ofCrash Bandicoot 2: Cortex Strikes Back.The series was drawn and produced by Ari Kawashima, with only two manga volumes being published to date, leaving the total number of comics unknown.

Animation

[edit]

During the production ofCrash Bandicoot,a pair of cutscenes featuringhand-drawn animationwere produced byUniversal Animation Studiosto serve as the game's intro and outro, as well as act as source material for a potential animated series if the game was well-received and commercially successful. The hand-drawn cutscenes were dropped afterSony Computer Entertainmentpicked upCrash Bandicootfor publication, as Sony desired to push the PlayStation's 3D polygonal graphics. The cutscenes were uploaded toYouTubeby producer David Siller in 2015.[82][83]

In 2007,The Animation Picture Companyproduced four web-short films, to promote the gameCrash of the Titans,titledCrash Bandicoot: No Use Crying,Crash Bandicoot Monster Truck,Crash Bandicoot – Titan IdolandCrash Bandicoot – Have Another,all lasting for about three minutes. These are available for free download on the Xbox 360 video service or are available to watch on the web, originally available for viewing on theCrash Bandicootofficial website.

Crash also makes a guest appearance in theSkylanders Academyanimated series. At the end of the episode "The Skylands Are Falling!", due to the actions of the Skylanders, Crash is inadvertently pulled through a dimensional rift while battling Cortex, ending up in the Skylands. The episode "Crash Landing" features Crash allying with Spyro and the Skylanders to recover the dark relic needed to return him to the Wumpa Islands. Crash's appearance inSkylanders Academydiffers from his appearance inSkylanders: Imaginators,but unlike other appearances, he is capable of speaking full sentences with an Australian accent. The third season ofSkylanders Academybrought the character back starringRhys Darby,who replaces Eric Rogers due to stepping down as a showrunner.[84]Crash returned in the episode "Days of Future Crash", in which Dark Spyro and Eruptor brought him to the future for different reasons, messing up their timeline in the process. After retrieving a new time travel device, they sent him home. Crash appeared again in the season finale, "Raiders of the Lost Arkus, Part II", where he and Coco (voiced byTara Strong) were brought from the Wumpa Islands by the Skylanders and Flynn to stop Kaos from destroying the Core of Light. Coco's appearance in the series seems to be a combination of herTitansandMind over Mutantdesign: like Crash, she also speaks in an Australian accent and seems to not only be capable of building her own weapons but able to control technology to the point of utilizing a thought-controlled boomerang in battle.

On January 13, 2021, test footage from a scrapped Crash Bandicoot series was leaked onReddit.The series would have been a co-production between Activision andAmazon Studios.The series was allegedly canceled due to a script dispute.[85]

In science

[edit]

The earliest-known bandicoot fossil, from the Miocene of Australia, has been given thebinomialCrash bandicoot.[86][87]

Reception

[edit]
Aggregate review scores
Game GameRankings Metacritic
Crash Bandicoot (PS1) 80%[88]
Crash Bandicoot 2: Cortex Strikes Back (PS1) 89%[89]
Crash Bandicoot: Warped (PS1) 91/100[90]
Crash Team Racing (PS1) 88/100[91]
Crash Bash (PS1) 68/100[92]
Crash Bandicoot: The Wrath of Cortex (GC) 62/100[93]
(PS2) 66/100[94]
(Xbox) 70/100[95]
Crash Bandicoot: The Huge Adventure (GBA) 78/100[96]
Crash Bandicoot 2: N-Tranced (GBA) 75/100[97]
Crash Nitro Kart (GBA) 77/100[98]
(GC) 66/100[99]
(PS2) 69/100[100]
(Xbox) 70/100[101]
Crash Bandicoot Purple: Ripto's Rampage (GBA) 67/100[102]
Crash Twinsanity (PS2) 64/100[103]
(Xbox) 66/100[104]
Crash Tag Team Racing (GC) 66/100[105]
(PS2) 66/100[106]
(PSP) 68/100[107]
(Xbox) 69/100[108]
Crash Boom Bang! (NDS) 37/100[109]
Crash of the Titans (NDS) 73/100[110]
(PS2) 70/100[111]
(Wii) 69/100[112]
(X360) 65/100[113]
Crash: Mind over Mutant (NDS) 45/100[114]
(PS2) 73/100[115]
(Wii) 70/100[116]
(X360) 60/100[117]
Crash Bandicoot Nitro Kart 2 (iOS) 77/100[118]
Crash Bandicoot N. Sane Trilogy (NS) 78/100[119]
(PC) 76/100[120]
(PS4) 80/100[121]
(XONE) 79/100[122]
Crash Team Racing Nitro-Fueled (NS) 80/100[123]
(PS4) 83/100[124]
(XONE) 84/100[125]
Crash Bandicoot 4: It's About Time (PS5) 86/100[126]
(PS4) 85/100[127]
(XSXS) 86/100[128]
(XONE) 83/100[129]
(PC) 83/100[130]
(NS) 80/100[131]
Crash Bandicoot: On the Run! (iOS) 68/100[132]

TheCrash Bandicootseries has been a commercial success. As of 2007, the series altogether has sold over 40 million units worldwide[133]and grossed over $1 billion.[134]According toGamasutra,the firstCrash Bandicootgame had sold 6.8 million units as of November 2003,[135]making it the tenth-best-selling PlayStation game of all time.Cortex Strikes Backsold 3.85 million units in the U.S.,[136]whileWarpedsold 3.74 million.[136]The last 2 games on the PlayStation console,Crash Team RacingandCrash Bash,sold 1.9 and 1.1 million units in the U.S., respectively.[136]According to a Sony press release, the first four titles had sold over 20 million units altogether worldwide by July 2000.[137]Crash Bandicoot: The Wrath of Cortexhas sold 1.56 million units in the U.S.[136]

On February 12, 2019, Activision announced in a press release for its "4th quarter and 2018 Financial Results", thatN. Sane Trilogyhas sold-in over 10 million units since its initial release in 2017.[138]

TheCrash Bandicootseries is one of the few Western video game series to find blockbuster success in Japan.Cortex Strikes BackandWarpedsold 1.3 and 1.4 million units in the country, respectively,[139]while the PlayStation 2 version ofWrath of Cortexsold 212,000 units.[140]

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Further reading

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