Cuitláhuac
| Cuitláhuac | |
|---|---|
 Cuitláhuac in thePrimeros Memoriales. | |
| Huey Tlatoaniof theAztec Empire Tlatoaniof Tenochtitlan | |
| Reign | 2 Flint 1520 |
| Predecessor | Montezuma II |
| Successor | Cuauhtémoc |
| Successor | Ixhuetzcatocatzin (Alonso) |
| Born | c. 1476 |
| Died | 2 Flint(1520; aged 44) |
| Spouse | A daughter of Moteixcahuia Quauhtlehuanitzin |
| Issue | Ixhuetzcatocatzin (Alonso) Ana Luisa two others |
| Father | Axayacatl |
| Mother | A daughter of Cuitlahuac I |
Cuitláhuac(Spanish pronunciation:[kwiˈtlawak],) (c. 1476 – 1520)[1]orCuitláhuac(in Spanish orthography;Nahuatl languages:Cuitlāhuac,[2]Nahuatl pronunciation:[kʷiˈt͡ɬaːwak],honorific form:Cuitlahuatzin) was the 10thHuey Tlatoani(emperor) of theAzteccity ofTenochtitlanfor 80 days during the yearTwo Flint(1520).[3]He is credited with leading the resistance to theSpanish and Tlaxcalteca conquestof theMexicaEmpire, following the death of his kinsmanMoctezuma II.
Biography[edit]
Cuitláhuac was the eleventh son of the rulerAxayacatland a younger brother ofMoctezuma II,the late Emperor ofTenochtitlan,who died during the Spanish occupation of the city.[4]His mother's father, also calledCuitlahuac,had been ruler ofIztapalapa,[5]and the younger Cuitláhuac also ruled there initially.[6]Cuitláhuac was an experienced warrior and an adviser to Moctezuma, warning him not to allow the Spaniards to enter Tenochtitlan.Hernán Cortésimprisoned both Moctezuma and Cuitláhuac. Following the massacre of Aztec elites when Cortés was away from Tenochtitlan, theMexicabesieged the Spanish and their indigenous allies. Cuitláhuac was released on the pretense to reopen the market to get food to the invaders. Moctezuma was killed under disputed circumstances, and Cuitláhuac was electedtlatoanifollowing the flight of the Spaniards and their allies from Tenochtitlan on June 30, 1520. Some sources claim he was serving in that role even before Moctezuma's death.[7]
Cuitláhuac was ritually married to Moctezuma's eldest daughter, a ten- or eleven-year-old girl, who later was calledIsabel Moctezuma.[8]
Cuitláhuac ruled just 80 days, perhaps dying fromsmallpox[3]that had been introduced to theNew Worldby an African suffering from the disease who was part ofPánfilo de Narváez's expedition to capture Cortés. The early sources do not explicitly say from what he succumbed.[9]Immediately after Cuitláhuac's death,Cuauhtémocwas made the nexttlatoani.[3]
Legacy[edit]
The modernMexican municipalityofCuitláhuac, Veracruzand theMexico City MetrostationMetro Cuitláhuacare named in honor of Cuitláhuac. Theasteroid2275 Cuitláhuac is also named after this ruler.
There is an Avenue in Mexico City Called Cuitláhuac (Eje 3 Norte) that runs from Avenue Insurgentes to Avenue Mexico-Tacuba and that is part of an inner ring; also many streets in other towns and villages in Mexico are so called.
See also[edit]
Notes[edit]
- ^For year of birth, see entry for"CUITLAHUAC",Dictionnaire de la langue nahuatl classique(Wimmer 2006).
- ^Wimmer (2006).
- ^abcChimalpahin (1997): pp. 56–57, 164–165, 216–217.
- ^Chimalpahin (1997): pp. 148–151.
- ^Chimalpahin (1997): pp. 42–43.
- ^Chimalpahin (1997): pp. 50–51.
- ^Burkhart, Louise. "Cuitlahuac" inEncyclopedia of Latin American History and Culturevol. 2, pp. 339–40.
- ^Chipman, Donald E. (2005). Moctezuma's Children: Aztec Royalty Under Spanish Rule, 1520–1700. Austin: University of Texas Press, pp. 40–41ISBN0-292-70628-6.OCLC5713428
- ^Burkhart, "Cuitlahuac", p. 340.
References[edit]
- Chimalpahin Quauhtlehuanitzin, Domingo de San Antón Muñón(1997) [c.1621].Codex Chimalpahin, vol. 1: society and politics in Mexico Tenochtitlan, Tlatelolco, Texcoco, Culhuacan, and other Nahua altepetl in central Mexico; the Nahuatl and Spanish annals and accounts collected and recorded by don Domingo de San Antón Muñón Chimalpahin Quauhtlehuanitzin.Civilization of the American Indian series.Arthur J.O. Andersonand Susan Schroeder (eds. and trans.), Susan Schroeder (general ed.), Wayne Ruwet (manuscript ed.). Norman:University of Oklahoma Press.ISBN978-0-8061-2921-1.OCLC36017075.
- Wimmer, Alexis (2006)."Dictionnaire de la langue nahuatl classique"(online version, incorporating reproductions fromDictionnaire de la langue nahuatl ou mexicaine[1885], byRémi Siméon).Retrieved2010-09-15.(in French and Nahuatl languages)
External links[edit]
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