Arcellinida
Arcellinida Temporal range:
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Arcellasp. test | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Phylum: | Amoebozoa |
Class: | Tubulinea |
Superorder: | Eulobosia |
Order: | Arcellinida Kent 1880 |
Arcellinidtestate amoebaeorArcellinida,[1]Arcellacean[2]orlobose testate amoebae[3]are single-celledprotistspartially enclosed in a simpletest(shell).
Arcellinid testate amoebae are commonly found in soils,leaf litter,peat bogs and near/in fresh water.[1]They use theirpseudopodia,a temporary cell extension, for moving and taking in food. Like most amoebae, they are generally believed toreproduce asexuallyvia binary fission. However a recent review suggests that sexual recombination may be the rule rather than the exception inamoeboidprotists in general, including the Arcellinid testate amoebae.[4]
Test or shell
[edit]Simple tests are made by secretion (autogenous tests), agglutination of foreign material (xenogenous tests), or sometimes a combination of both. Past environmental changes can be determined by analysing the composition of fossil tests, including the reconstruction of pastclimate change.[1]Testate amoebae species have been used to reconstruct hydrological changes over the lateHolocene,as a result of individual species possessing a narrow tolerance for ecohydrological conditions such as water-table depth or pH.[5]
Evolutionary history
[edit]Fossils of arcellinid testate amoebae date back to theTonianstage of theProterozoic,around 789-759 million years ago. The fossils indicate that by 730 million years ago, arcellinids had already diversified into major lineages.[6]
Testate amoebae are theorized to be mostlypolyphyletic(coming from more than one ancestral type), but testaceafilosea, one group of testate amoebae, are theorized to bemonophyletic.Ancient tests of terrestrial fauna are commonly found in fossilized amber,[7]although mid-Cretaceous testate amoeba (i.e.,Diffligia,Cucurbitella) have been found in ancient lake sediments.[8]It is likely that the group has evolved minimally over the course of thePhanerozoic.
Classification
[edit]Phylogeny of Arcellinida in 2019[9] |
Phylogeny of Arcellinida in 2022[10] |
The classification of Arcellinida, as of 2019:[11][12][9]
- SuborderPhryganellinaBovee 1985
- FamilyPhryganellidaeJung 1942
- PhryganellaPenard 1902
- FamilyCryptodifflugiidaeJung 1942
- ?PrantlitinaVasicek & Ruzicka 1957
- ?PseudocucurbitellaGauthier-Lievre & Thomas 1960
- ?PseudowailesellaSudzuki 1979
- CryptodifflugiaPenard 1890[DifflugiellaCash 1904;GeococcusFrancé 1913 non Green 1902]
- MeisterfeldiaBobrov 2016
- WailesellaDeflandre 1928
- FamilyPhryganellidaeJung 1942
- SuborderOrganoconchaLahr et al. 2019
- FamilyMicrochlamyiidaeOgden 1985
- MicrochlamysCockerell 1911[PseudochlamysClaparede & Lachmann 1859 non Lacordaire 1848 non Comas 1977]
- PyxidiculaEhrenberg 1838 non Ehrenberg 1834 non Strelnikova & Nikolajev 1986
- SpumochlamysKudryavtsev & Hausmann 2007
- FamilyMicrochlamyiidaeOgden 1985
- SuborderGlutinoconchaLahr et al. 2019
- InfraorderVolnustomaLahr et al. 2019
- FamilyHeleoperidaeJung 1942
- AwerintzewiaSchouteden 1906
- HeleoperaLeidy 1879
- FamilyHeleoperidaeJung 1942
- InfraorderHyalospheniformesLahr et al. 2019
- FamilyHyalospheniidaeSchulze, 1977[NebelidaeTaranek 1882]
- ?ApolimiaKorganova 1987
- ?DeflandriaJung 1942
- ?HeleoporellaCouteaux 1978
- ?LeidyellaJung 1942
- ?MetaheleoperaBartos 1954
- ?MarsiposMedioli et al. 1990
- ?ParanebelaJung 1942
- ?PenardiellaKahl 1930
- ?PseudogeamphorellaDécloitre 1964 nomen nudum
- ?PseudohyalospheniaStepanek 1967 nomen nudum
- ?PterygiaJung 1942 non Roeding 1798 non Link 1807 non Laporte 1832
- ?SchaudinniaJung 1942 non Schulze 1900
- ?UmbonariaJung 1942
- AlabastaDuckert et al. 2018
- AlocoderaJung 1942a
- ApoderaLoeblich & Tappan 1961
- CertesellaLoeblich & Tappan 1961
- CornuthecaKosakyan et al. 2016
- GibbocarinaKosakyan et al. 2016
- HyalospheniaStein 1859
- LonginebelaKosakyan et al. 2016
- MrabellaKosakyan et al. 2016
- NebelaLeidy 1875
- PadaungiellaLara & Todorov 2012
- PlanocarinaKosakyan et al. 2016
- PorosiaJung 1942
- QuadrulellaCockerell 1909[QuadrulaSchulze 1875 non Rafinesque 1820]
- FamilyHyalospheniidaeSchulze, 1977[NebelidaeTaranek 1882]
- InfraorderExcentrostomaLahr et al. 2019
- ?CentropyxiellaValkanov 1970
- ?OopyxisJung 1942
- FamilyCentropyxidae
- ArmipyxisDekhtiar 2009
- CentropyxisStein 1857[EchinopyxisClaparede & Lachmann 1859 non Pantocsek 1913;CollaripyxidiaZivkovic 1975;ToquepyxisLaminger 1971]
- ConicocassisNasser & Patterson 2015
- ProplagiopyxisSchönborn 1964
- FamilyPlagiopyxidae
- BullinulariaDeflandre 1953[BullinulaPenard 1911]
- GeoplagiopyxisChardez 1961
- HoogenraadiaGauthierLievre & Thomas 1958
- ParacentropyxisBonnet 1960
- PlagiopyxisPenard 1910
- PlanhoogenraadiaBonnet 1977
- ProtoplagiopyxisBonnet 1962
- InfraorderLongithecinaLahr et al. 2019
- FamilyLesquereusiidae[ParaquadrulidaeDeflandre 1953]
- FabalesquereusiaSnegovaya & Alekperov 2005
- LesquereusiaSchlumberger 1845
- MicroquadrulaGolemansky 1968
- ParaquadrulaDeflandre 1932
- PomoriellaGolemansky 1970
- FamilyDifflugiidaeWallich 1864
- ?LagenodifflugiaMedioli & Scott 1983
- ?MaghrebiaGauthier-Lievre & Thomas 1958
- ?PentagoninaBovee & Jahn 1974[PentagoniaGauthier-Lievre & Thomas 1958 non Cozzens 1846;FalsidifflugiaHaman 1988]
- ?PseudopontigulasiaOye 1956
- ?SexangulariaAwerintzew 1906
- ?SuiadifflugiaGreen 1975
- ?ZivkoviciaOgden 1987
- ArmatodifflugiaSnegovaya & Alekperov 2005
- DifflugiaLeclere 1815 ex Lamarck 1816
- MediolusPatterson 2014
- NabranellaSnegovaya & Alekperov 2009
- PelecyamoebaSnegovaya & Alekperov 2005
- PontigulasiaRhumbler 1895
- PseudonebelaGauthier-Lievre 1954 non Schönborn 1964
- FamilyLesquereusiidae[ParaquadrulidaeDeflandre 1953]
- InfraorderSphaerothecinaKosakyan et al. 2016
- ?CornuapyxisCouteaux & Chardez 1981
- ?CucurbitellaPenard 1902 non Walpers 1846
- ?EllipsopyxellaBonnet 1975
- ?EllipsopyxisBonnet 1965
- ?ProtocucurbitellaGauthier-Lievre & Thomas 1960 non Naumov
- FamilyDistomatopyxidaeBonnet 1970
- DistomatopyxisBonnet 1970
- FamilyLamtopyxidaeBonnet 1974
- LamtopyxisBonnet 1974
- FamilyNetzeliidaeKosakyan et al. 2016[CyclopyxidaeSchönborn 1989]
- CyclopyxisBonnet 1953
- NetzeliaOgden 1979
- FamilyArcellidaeEhrenberg 1832
- AntarcellaEhrenberg 1838
- ArcellaDeflandre 1928[ArcellinaCarter 1856 non DuPlessis 1876 non Haeckel 1894;CyphidiumEhrenberg 1837 non Magnus 1875;LeptocystisPlayfair 1918]
- TrigonopyxidaeLoeblich 1964
- GeopyxellaBonnet & Thomas 1955
- TrigonopyxisPenard 1912
- InfraorderVolnustomaLahr et al. 2019
Arcellinidaincertae sedis:
- ArgynniaVucetich, 1974
- AwerintzewiaSchouteden, 1906
- GeamphorellaBonnet, 1959
- JungiaLoeblich & Tappan 1961
- LagenodifflugiaMedioli & Scott, 1983
- LamtoquadrulaBonnet 1975
- LeptochlamysWest 1901
- MaghrebiaGauthier-Lievre & Thomas, 1960
- OchrosMedioli et al. 1990
- †PalaeoleptochlamysStrullu-Derrien et al. 2019
- PhysochilaJung 1942
- PseudawerintzewiaBonnet 1959
- SacculusMedioli et al. 1990 non Gosse 1851 non Hirase 1927 non Neviani 1930
- SchoenborniaDecloitre 1964
- Swabia
- FamilyBipseudostomatidaeSnegovaya & Alekperov 2005
- BipseudostomatellaSnegovaya & Alekperov 2005
- GomocollariellaSnegovaya & Alekperov 2005
- FamilyMississippiellidaeHuddleston & Haman 1985
- MississippiellaHaman 1982
- FamilyShamkiriidaeSnegovaya & Alekperov 2005
- ShamkiriellaSnegovaya & Alekperov 2005
References
[edit]- ^abchttp://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/artjun03/gsamoebae.htmlTestate amoebae, peat bogs and past climates. accessed 16 march 2007
- ^Identification key for holocene lacustrine arcellacean (thecamoebian) taxaArchivedDecember 4, 2008, at theWayback Machine
- ^Lara E, Heger TJ, Ekelund F, Lamentowicz M, Mitchell EA (April 2008)."Ribosomal RNA genes challenge the monophyly of the Hyalospheniidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida)".Protist.159(2): 165–76.doi:10.1016/j.protis.2007.09.003.PMID18023614.
- ^Lahr DJ, Parfrey LW, Mitchell EA, Katz LA, Lara E (2011)."The chastity of amoebae: re-evaluating evidence for sex in amoeboid organisms".Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences.278(1715): 2081–2090.doi:10.1098/rspb.2011.0289.PMC3107637.PMID21429931.
- ^Woodland, Wendy, A. (1998). "Quantitative estimates of water tables and soil moisture in Holocene peatlands from testate amoebae".The Holocene.8(3): 261–273.doi:10.1191/095968398667004497.S2CID128897334.
{{cite journal}}
:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^Lahr, Daniel J.G.; Kosakyan, Anush; Lara, Enrique; Mitchell, Edward A.D.; Morais, Luana; Porfirio-Sousa, Alfredo L.; Ribeiro, Giulia M.; Tice, Alexander K.; Pánek, Tomáš; Kang, Seungho; Brown, Matthew W. (2019-03-18)."Phylogenomics and Morphological Reconstruction of Arcellinida Testate Amoebae Highlight Diversity of Microbial Eukaryotes in the Neoproterozoic".Current Biology.29(6): 991–1001.e3.doi:10.1016/j.cub.2019.01.078.hdl:10261/240246.ISSN0960-9822.PMID30827918.S2CID72333352.
- ^Schmidt, A.R.; Ragazzi, E.; Coppellotti, O.; Roghi, G. (2006)."A microworld in Triassic amber".Nature.444(7121): 835.doi:10.1038/444835a.PMID17167469.
- ^Hengstum, Van; Reinhardt, E.G.; Medioli, F.S.; Grocke, D.R. (2007)."Exceptionally preserved late albian (Cretaceous) Arcellaceans (Thecamoebians) from the Dakota Formation near Lincoln, Nebraska"(PDF).Journal of Foraminiferal Research.37(4): 300–308.doi:10.2113/gsjfr.37.4.300.
- ^abLahr, Daniel J.G.; Kosakyan, Anush; Lara, Enrique; Mitchell, Edward A.D.; Morais, Luana; Porfirio-Sousa, Alfredo L.; Ribeiro, Giulia M.; Pánek, Tomáš; Kang, Seungho; Brown, Matthew W. (2019)."Phylogenomics and Morphological Reconstruction of Arcellinida Testate Amoebae Highlight Diversity of Microbial Eukaryotes in the Neoproterozoic".Current Biology.29(6): 991–1001.doi:10.1016/j.cub.2019.01.078.hdl:11380/1301486.PMID30827918.
- ^González-Miguéns, Rubén; Todorov, Milcho; Blandenier, Quentin; Duckert, Clément; Porfirio-Sousa, Alfredo L.; Ribeiro, Giulia M.; Ramos, Diana; Lahr, Daniel J.G.; Buckley, David; Lara, Enrique (2022)."Deconstructing Difflugia: The tangled evolution of lobose testate amoebae shells (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida) illustrates the importance of convergent evolution in protist phylogeny".Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution.175:107557.doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107557.hdl:10261/281619.ISSN1055-7903.PMID35777650.
- ^Ralf Meisterfeld:Arcellinida,In: John J. Lee, Gordon F. Leedale, Phyllis Bradbury (Hrsg.): Illustrated Guide to the Protozoa, 2nd Edition. Vol. 2, Society of Protozoologists, Lawrence, Kansas 2000,ISBN1-891276-23-9,pp. 827-860
- ^Adl SM, Simpson AG, Lane CE, Lukeš J, Bass D, Bowser SS, Brown MW, Burki F, Dunthorn M, Hampl V, Heiss A, Hoppenrath M, Lara E, le Gall L, Lynn DH, McManus H, Mitchell EA, Mozley-Stanridge SE, Parfrey LW, Pawlowski J, Rueckert S, Shadwick L, Schoch CL, Smirnov A, Spiegel FW (2012)."The Revised Classification of Eukaryotes".Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology.59(5): 429–514.doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.2012.00644.x.PMC3483872.PMID23020233.