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Dating

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Datingis a stage ofromantic relationshipsin which two individuals regularly engage in activity together, most often with the intention of evaluating each other's suitability as a partner in a futureintimate relationship.It falls into the category ofcourtship,consisting ofsocial eventscarried out by the couple either alone or with others.

Thefirst dateis important, sometimes for making a goodfirst impression,or because dating may lead to a more serious relationship, or abreakup,orfriendzoning.If the relationship progresses, the next steps may include meeting the parents or other family,cohabitation,andmarriage.Even after the relationship develops, couples still may organize a date or "date night".

With the internet, manydating siteshave been created to modernize thepersonalssection of newspapers as a way to find prospective partners.Speed dating,blind dating,and the use ofmatchmakingare all possible ways of beginning the dating process.Group datingis a modern dating practice especially popular in Japan.

Etymology

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The earliest usage of the noun "date" is in 1896 byGeorge Ade,a columnist for theChicago Record.[1]Date referred to "public" courtship, when a woman would meet a man publicly rather than privately at a residence or at court. In Ade's 1899 "Fabels in Slang", he used the term "Date Book" to describe a type of ledger system a cashier used to track dates with suitors until she married.[2]

Different meanings of the term

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While the termdatinghas many meanings, the most common refers to a trial period in which two people explore whether to take the relationship further towards a more permanent relationship; in this sense, dating refers to the time when people are physically together in public as opposed to the earlier time period in which people are arranging the date, perhaps by corresponding by email or text or phone.[3]

Another meaning of the termdatingis to describe a stage in a person's life when he or she is actively pursuing romantic relationships with different people. If two unmarried celebrities are seen in public together, they are often described as "dating" which means they were seen in public together, and it is not clear whether they are merely friends, exploring a more intimate relationship, or are romantically involved. A related sense of the term is when two people have been out in public only a few times but have not yet committed to a relationship; in this sense,datingdescribes an initial trial period and can be contrasted with "being in a committed relationship".

As a social relationship

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Wide variation in behavior patterns

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Julie AndrewsasMary Poppins

And the only rule is that there are no rules.

Social rules regarding dating vary considerably according to variables such as social class, race, religion, age, sexual orientation and gender. Behavior patterns are generally unwritten and constantly changing. There are considerable differences between social and personalvalues.

Since dating can be stressful, there is the possibility of humor to try to reduce tensions. For example, directorBlake Edwardswanted to date singing starJulie Andrews,and he joked in parties about her persona by saying that her "endlessly cheerful governess" image from movies such asMary PoppinsandThe Sound of Musicgave her the image of possibly having "lilacs for pubic hair";[5]Andrews appreciated his humor, sent him lilacs, dated him and later married him, and the couple stayed together for 41 years until his death in 2010.[5]

Evaluation

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One of the main purposes of dating is for two or more people to evaluate one another's suitability as a long-term companion or spouse.[6]Often physical characteristics, personality, financial status, and other aspects of the involved persons are judged and, as a result, feelings can be hurt, and confidence shaken. Because of the uncertainty of the whole situation, the desire to be acceptable to the other person, and the possibility of rejection, dating can be very stressful for all parties involved. Some studies have shown that dating tends to be extremely difficult for people withsocial anxiety disorder.[7]

While some of what happens on a date is guided by an understanding of basic, unspoken rules, there is considerable room to experiment, and there are numerous sources of advice available.[8][9][10]Sources of advice include magazine articles,[3]self-help books,dating coaches,friends, and many other sources.[11][12][13]And the advice given can pertain to all facets of dating, including such aspects as where to go, what to say, what not to say, what to wear, how to end a date, how to flirt,[14]and differing approaches regarding first dates versus subsequent dates.[15]In addition, advice can apply to periods before a date, such as how to meet prospective partners,[10][15]as well as after a date, such as how to break off a relationship.[16][17][18][19][20][21]

There are now more than 350 businesses that offer dating coach services in the U.S., and the number of these businesses has surged since 2005.[22][needs update]Frequency of dating varies by person and situation; among singles actively seeking partners, 36% had been on no dates in the past three months, 13% had one date, 22% had two to four dates and 25% had five or more dates, according to a 2005 U.S. survey.[23]

Judi James, author ofThe Body Language Bible,suggests specific body language behaviors to note during a date:

The date's probably not going so well if they start to scan the room, drop eye contact, open their body to the room rather than concentrating on you, drink quickly in an effort to escape, increase their blink rate - which signals boredom or irritation - or start carrying out self-attack gestures such as lip-biting or nail-picking.

— Judi James inThe Guardian,[24]

Meeting places

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Ballroom dancing is one way to get to know somebody on a date.

There are numerous ways to meet potential dates, including blind dates, classified ads, dating websites, hobbies, holidays, office romance, social networking, speed dating, or simply talking in public places, vehicles or houses. A Pew study in 2005 which examined Internet users in long-term relationships including marriage, found that many met by contacts at work or at school.[23]The survey found that 55% of relationship-seekingsinglesagreed that it was "difficult to meet people where they live."[23]Work is a common place to meet potential spouses, although there are some indications that the Internet is overtaking the workplace as an introduction venue.[25]One drawback of office dating is that a bad date can lead to "workplace awkwardness."[26]

Gender differences

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There is a general perception that men and women approach dating differently, hence the reason why advice for each gender varies greatly, particularly when dispensed by popular magazines. For example, it is a common belief that heterosexual men often seek women based onbeautyandyouth.[27][28]Psychologyresearchers at theUniversity of Michigansuggested that men prefer women who seem to be "malleable and awed", and prefer younger women with subordinate jobs such as secretaries and assistants and fact-checkers rather than executive-type women.[29]Online datingpatterns suggest that men are more likely to initiate online exchanges (over 75%) and extrapolate that men are less "choosy", seek younger women, and "cast a wide net".[8]In a similar vein, the stereotype for heterosexual women is that they seek well-educated men who are their age or older with high-paying jobs.[27]Evolutionary psychology suggests that "women are the choosier of the genders" since "reproduction is a much larger investment for women" who have "more to lose by making bad choices."[30]

For example, some[who?]have noted that educated women in many countries includingItalyandRussia,[citation needed]and theUnited Statesfind it difficult to have acareeras well as raise a family, prompting a number of writers to suggest how women should approach dating and how to time their careers and personal life. The advice comes with the assumption that the work-life balance is inherently a "woman's problem." In many societies, there is a view that women should fulfill the role of primary caregivers, with little to no spousal support and with few services by employers or government such as parental leave or childcare. Accordingly, an issue regarding dating is the subject of career timing which generates controversy. Some views reflect a traditional notion of gender roles. For example,Danielle CrittendeninWhat Our Mothers Didn't Tell Usargued that having both a career and family at the same time was taxing and stressful for a woman; as a result, she suggested that women should date in their early twenties with a seriousness of purpose, marry when their relative beauty permitted them to find a reliable partner, have children, then return to work in their early thirties with kids in school; Crittenden acknowledged that splitting a career path with a ten-year baby-raising hiatus posed difficulties.[31]There are contrasting views which suggest that women should focus on careers in their twenties and thirties.[32]

In studies comparing children with heterosexual families and children with homosexual families, there have been no major differences noted; though some claims suggest that kids with homosexual parents end up more well-adjusted than their peers with heterosexual parents, purportedly due to the lack of marginalizing gender roles in same-sex families.[33]

It is increasingly common today, however, with new generations and in a growing number of countries, to frame the work-life balance issue as a social problem rather than a gender problem. With the advent of a changing workplace, the increased participation of women in thelabor force,an increasing number of men who are picking up their share of parenting and housework,[34]and more governments and industries committing themselves to achieving gender equality, the question of whether or not, or when to start a family is slowly being recognized as an issue that touches (or should touch) both genders.

Love

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The prospect of love often entails anxiety, sometimes with a fear of commitment[35]and a fear of intimacy for persons of both sexes.[36]One woman said "being really intimate with someone in a committed sense is kind of threatening" and described love as "the most terrifying thing."[37]In her Psychology Today column, research scientist, columnist, and authorDebby Herbenickcompared it to a roller coaster:

There's something wonderful, I think, about taking chances onloveand sex.... Going out on a limb can be roller-coaster scary because none of us want to be rejected or to have our heart broken. But so what if that happens? I, for one, would rather fall flat on my face as I serenade my partner (off-key and all) in a bikini and a short little pool skirt than sit on the edge of the pool, dipping my toes in silence.

— [38]

One dating adviser agreed that love is risky and wrote that "There is truly only one real danger that we must concern ourselves with and that is closing our hearts to the possibility that love exists."[39]

Controversy

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Anthropologist Helen Fisher in 2008

What happens in the dating world can reflect larger currents within popular culture. For example, when the 1995 bookThe Rulesappeared, it touched off media controversy about how men and women should relate to each other, with different positions taken by columnistMaureen DowdofThe New York Times[40]and British writer Kira Cochrane ofThe Guardian[41]and others.[42][43]It has even causedanthropologistssuch asHelen Fisherto suggest that dating is a game designed to "impress and capture" which is not about "honesty" but "novelty", "excitement" and even "danger", which can boostdopaminelevels in the brain.[44]The subject of dating has spun off popular culture terms such as thefriend zonewhich refers to a situation in which a dating relation evolves into a platonic non-sexual union.[45][46][47][48]

Risks of violence

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According to one report, there was a 10% chance of violence between students happening between aboyfriendandgirlfriend,sometimes described as "intimate partner violence", over a 12–month period.[49]A 2004 estimate was that 20% of U.S. high school girls aged 14–18 were "hit, slapped, shoved or forced into sexual activity".[50]Violence while dating isn't limited to any one culture or group or religion, but remains an issue in different countries[51](It is usually the female who is the victim, but there have been cases where males have been hurt as well.).Sara McCorquodalesuggests that women meeting strangers on dates meet initially in busy public places, share details of upcoming dates with friends or family so they know where they'll be and who they'll be with, avoid revealing one's surname or address, and conduct searches on them on the Internet prior to the date.[52]One advisor suggested: Don't leave drinks unattended; have an exit plan if things go badly; and ask a friend to call you on your cell phone an hour into the date to ask how it's going.[52]

Commercial dating services

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As technology progressed the dating world progressed as well. In a timeline by Metro, a statisticmatchmakingbusiness opened in 1941, the first reality TV dating show was developed in 1965, and by the 1980s the public was introduced to video dating.[53]Video dating was a way for singles to sit in front of a camera and tell whoever may be watching something about themselves. Theprocess of eliminationwas significant because now the viewer was able hear their voice, see their face and watch their body language to determine aphysical attractionto the candidates.

Inonline dating,individuals create profiles where they disclose personal information, photographs, hobbies, interests, religion and expectations. Then the user can search through hundreds of thousands of accounts and connect with multiple people at once which in return, gives the user more options and more opportunity to find what meets their standards. Online dating has influenced the idea ofchoice.InModern Romance: An Investigation,Aziz Ansaristates that one third of marriages in the United States between 2005 and 2012 met through online dating services.[54]Today there are hundreds of sites to choose from and websites designed to fit specific needs such asMatch,eHarmony,OkCupid,Zoosk,andChristianMingle.Mobile apps, such asGrindrandTinderallow users to upload profiles that are then judged by others on the service; one can either swipe right on a profile (indicating interest) or swipe left (which presents another possible mate).

Technology

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The Internet is shaping the way new generations date.Facebook,Skype,WhatsApp,and other applications have made remote connections possible. Particularly for the LGBTQ+ community, where the dating pool can be more difficult to navigate due to discrimination and having a 'minority' status in society.

Online dating tools are an alternate way to meet potential dates.[55][56]Many people usesmartphoneapps such asTinder,Grindr,orBumblewhich allow a user to accept or reject another user with a single swipe of a finger.[57]Some critics have suggested that matchmaking algorithms are imperfect and are "no better than chance" for the task of identifying acceptable partners.[57]Others have suggested that the speed and availability of emerging technologies may be undermining the possibility for couples to have long-term meaningful relationships when finding a replacement partner has potentially become too easy.[57]

LGBT+

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Asame-sexmale couple holding hands on the street

Dating behavior ofnon-heterosexualindividuals does not always reflect their self-ascribedsexual orientation.Some people recognize from an early age that they are attracted to thesame sexorboth/all sexesbut may initially adhere toheterosexualnorms in their dating behaviors. Some individuals who identify asLGBT+but arequestioningor have notcome outto their peers and family, may wait years before they start dating their preferred sex.[58]

According to aPsychology Todayreport, men who identify ashomosexualrecognize their same-sex attraction in their late teens or early twenties, and tend to care more aboutphysical attractivenessthan status of a prospective partner.[59]Men who identify as homosexual, on average, tend to have more sexual partners, while women who identify aslesbiantend to form steadier one-on-one relationships, and tend to be less promiscuous than heterosexual women.[59]

InIndia,transgenderindividuals andeunuchshave used online dating to help them find partners, but there continue to be strong societal pressures which marginalize them.[60]

Matchmakers

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The Matchmaker
painting by Gerard van Honthorst (1590–1656)

People can meet other people on their own or the get-together can be arranged by someone else. Matchmaking is an art based entirely on hunches since it is impossible to predict with certainty whether two people will like each other or not. "All you should ever try and do is make two people be in the same room at the same time," advised matchmaker Sarah Beeny in 2009, and the only rule is to make sure the people involved want to be set up.[61]One matchmaker advised it was good to match "brains as well as beauty" and try to find people with similarreligiousandpoliticalviewpoints and thinks that like-minded people result in more matches, although acknowledging that opposites sometimes attract.[62]It is easier to put several people together at the same time, so there are other candidates possible if one doesn't work out.[62]And, after introducing people, don't meddle.[62]

Friends as matchmakers

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Friends remain a common way for people to meet.[63]However, the Internet promises to overtake friends in the future if present trends continue.[25][63]A friend can introduce two people who do not know each other, and the friend may play matchmaker and send them on ablind date.InThe Guardian,British writer Hannah Pool was cynical about being set up on a blind date; she was told, "basically he's you but in a male form" by a mutual friend.[64]She googled her blind date's name along with the words "wife" and "girlfriend" and "partner" and "boyfriend" to see whether her prospective date was in any kind of relationship or gay; he wasn't any of these things.[64]She met him for coffee inLondonand she now lives with him, sharing a home and business.[64]When friends introduce two people who do not know each other, it is often called a blind date.

Family as matchmakers

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Parents can introduce their children to each other via their contacts with associates, neighbors, or friends. InIndia,parents often place matrimonial ads in newspapers or online, and may post the resumes of the prospective bride or groom.[65]

Matchmaking systems and services

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Dating systems can be systematic and organized ways to improvematchmakingby using rules or technology. The meeting can be in-person orliveand separated by time or space, such as bytelephoneoremailor chat-based. The purpose of the meeting is for the two persons to decide whether to go on a date in the future.

  • Speed datingconsists of organized matchmaking events that have multiple single persons meet one-on-one in brief timed sessions so that singles can assess further whether to have subsequent dates. An example is meeting perhaps twenty potential partners in a bar with brief interviews between each possible couple, perhaps three minutes long, and shuffling partners. InShanghai,one event featured eight-minute one-on-one meetings in which participants were pre-screened by age, education, and career and which cost 50 yuan (US$6) per participant; participants were asked not to reveal contact information during the brief meeting with the other person, but rather place names in cards for organizers to arrange subsequent dates.[66]Advantages of speed dating include its efficiency and its cost effectiveness.[66]Disadvantages of speed dating are that it can turn into a beauty contest with only a few good-looking participants getting most offers, while less attractive peers received few or no offers; critics suggest that the format prevents factors such as personality andintelligencefrom emerging, particularly in large groups with extra-brief meeting times.[67]

(Speed dating is) a fast and comfortable way to meet people. It helps enlarge my social contacts. I don't care if I can't find a girlfriend there. I just want to try my luck, and if she is there, then that will be a big bonus.

— Huang Xiao, salesman, age 27,[66]
  • Video datingsystems of the 1980s and 1990s especially, where customers gave a performance on (typicallyVHS) video, which was viewable by other customers, usually in private, in the same facility. Some services would record and play back videos for men and women on alternate days to minimize the chance that customers would meet each other on the street.
  • Phone datingsystems of about the same vintage, where customers call a common voice mail or phone-chat server at a common local phone number, and are connected with other (reputed) singles, and typically charged by the minute as if it were a long-distance call (often a very expensive one). A key problem of such systems was that they were hard to differentiate from a phone porn service or "phone sex"where female operators are paid to arouse male customers and have no intention of ever dating them.
  • Online datingsystems use websites or mobile phone apps to connect possible romantic or sexual partners.

Computers as matchmakers

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Computer dating systems of the later 20th century, especially popular in the 1960s and 1970s, before the rise of sophisticated phone and computer systems, gave customers forms that they filled out with important tolerances and preferences, which were "matched by computer" to determine "compatibility" of the two customers. The history of dating systems is closely tied to the history of technologies that support them, although a statistics-based dating service that used data from forms filled out by customers opened inNewark, New Jerseyin 1941.[68]

The first large-scale computer dating system, The Scientific Marriage Foundation, was established in 1957 by Dr.George W. Crane.[69]In this system, forms that applicants filled out were processed by anIBM card sorting machine.The earliest commercially successful computerized dating service in either the US or the UK was Com-Pat, started byJoan Ballin 1964.[70]Operation Match,started byHarvard Universitystudents a year later is often erroneously claimed to be the "first computerized dating service."[71]In actuality, both Com-Pat and Operation Match were preceded by other computerized dating services in Europe—the founders of Operation Match and Joan Ball of Com-Pat both stated they had heard about these European computer dating services and that those served as the inspiration for their respective ideas to create computer dating businesses.[70][72]

The longest running and most successful early computer dating business, both in terms of numbers of users and in terms of profits, wasDateline,which was started in the UK in 1965 byJohn Patterson.Patterson's business model was not fully legal, however. He was charged with fraud on several occasions for selling lists of the women who signed up for his service to men who were looking for prostitutes.[70]Dateline existed until Patterson's death from alcoholism in 1997, and during the early 1990s it was reported to be the most profitable computer dating company in the world.[70]

In the early 1980s inNew York City,software developers wrotealgorithmsto match singles romantically, sometimes usingcollaborative filteringtechnologies.[73]

Compatibility algorithms and matching software are becoming increasingly sophisticated.[8]

Using the Internet

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Online dating services charge users a fee to post profiles, perhaps using video or still images, descriptive data, and personal preferences for dating, such as age range, hobbies, and so forth.

Online dating was a $2 billion per year industry, as of 2014,with an annual growth rate of 5%. The industry is dominated by a few large companies, such asEHarmony,ZooskandInterActiveCorp,or IAC, which owns several brands includingMatch.comandOkCupid,and new entrants continue to emerge.[71]In 2019,Taimi,previously targeted to gay men, was re-introduced as a dating service for all LGBTQI+ people.

Online dating businesses are thriving financially, with growth in members, service offerings, and membership fees and many users renewing their accounts. However, the overall share of Internet traffic using online dating services in the U.S. has declined from 2003 (21% of all Internet users) to 2006 (10%).

While online dating has become more accepted, it retains a slight stigma.[74]After controversies such as the 2015 hacking ofAshley Madisonuser data, dating sites must work to convince users that they are safe places with quality members.[75]

There is widespread evidence that online dating has increased rapidly and is becoming "mainstream" with new websites appearing regularly.[76]One study suggested that 34% of men and 27% women have used the Internet for dating purposes,[77]and that American's willingness to try it has been on the rise[78][79]

Reports vary about the effectiveness of dating web sites to result in marriages or long–term relationships.Pew Research,based on a 2005 survey of 3,215 adults, estimated that three million Americans had entered into long-term relationships or marriage as a result of meeting on a dating web site.[80]While sites have touted marriage rates from 10% to 25%, sociologists and marriage researchers are highly skeptical that valid statistics underlie any such claims.[80]

The Pew study (see table) suggested the Internet was becoming increasingly prominent and accepted as a way to meet people for dates, although there were cautions about deception, the risk of violence,[23]and some concerns about stigmas.[23]The report suggested most people had positive experiences with online dating websites and felt they were excellent ways to meet more people.[23]The report also said that online daters tend to have more liberal social attitudes compared to the general population.[23]

Research fromBerkeley Universityin California suggests a drop-off in interest after online daters meet face-to-face.[8]It is alean mediumnot offering standard cues such as tone of voice, gestures, and facial expressions.[8]There is substantial data about online dating habits; for example, researchers believe that "the likelihood of a reply to a message sent by one online dater to another drops roughly 0.7 percent with every day that goes by".[8]PsychologistLindsay Shaw Taylor found that even though people said they would be willing to date someone of a different race, that people tend to choose dates similar to themselves.[8]

Online website usage survey[23]
Estimate %
Internet users who've used it romantically 74%
Know somebody who found long-term partner via Internet 15%
Know someone who's used a dating website 31%
Know someone who's gone on a date after visiting a website 26%
Agree online dating can be dangerous 66%
Don't think online dating is dangerous 25%
Believe online dating is for those in "dire straits" 29%
Gone on a dating website 10%

There are dating applications orappson mobile phones.[81]

Virtual datingincorporates elements of video-game play and dating. Users createavatarsand spend time in virtual worlds in an attempt to meet other avatars with the purpose of meeting for potential dates.

Mobile datingor cellphone dating refers to exchanging text messages to express interest in others on the system. These may be web-based or online as well, depending on the company.

At asingles event,a group ofsinglesare brought together to take part in various activities for the purposes of meeting new people. Events might include parties, workshops, and games. Many events are aimed at singles of particular affiliations, interests, or religions.[82]

Media

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Board games

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Mystery Dateis aboard gamefrom theMilton Bradley Company,originally released in 1965 and reissued in 1970, 1999, and in 2005, whose object is to be ready for a date by acquiring three matching color-coded cards to assemble an outfit. The outfit must then match the outfit of the date at the "mystery door". If the player's outfit does not match the date behind the door, the door is closed, and play continues. The game has been mentioned, featured, or parodied in several popular films and television shows.

Television

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Numeroustelevision realityandgame shows,past and current, address dating. For example, thedating game showsThe Dating Gamefirst aired in 1965, while more modern shows in that genre includeThe Manhattan Dating Project(US Movie about Dating in New York City),Blind Date,The 5th Wheel,andThe Bachelorand its spinoff series, in which a high degree of support and aids are provided to individuals seeking dates. These are described more fullyhereand in the related article on "reality game shows"that often include or motivate romantic episodes between players. Another category of dating-oriented reality TV shows involvesmatchmaking,such asMillionaire MatchmakerandTough Love.A popular dating-themed TV show in the UK isTake Me Out.

Age groups

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Dating can happen for people in most age groups with the possible exception of young children.Teenagersandtweenshave been described as dating; according to theCDC,three-quarters of eighth and ninth graders in the United States described themselves as "dating", although it is unclear what is exactly meant by this term.[83]A 2018 study in theJournal of Youth and Adolescencefound that serious dating among teenagers can have negative affects on a teenager's mood. This is most likely due to the incomplete cognitive and emotional development of teenagers that cause a lack of ability to handle the challenging aspects of romantic relationships.[84][85]

Young persons are exposed to many people their own age in theirhigh schoolsorsecondary schoolsorcollegeoruniversities.[86]There is anecdotal evidence that traditional dating—one-on-one public outings—has declined rapidly among the younger generation in theUnited Statesin favor of less intimate sexual encounters sometimes known ashookups(slang), described as brief sexual experiences with "no strings attached", although exactly what is meant by the termhookupvaries considerably.[87]Dating is being bypassed and is seen as archaic, and relationships are sometimes seen as "greedy" by taking time away from other activities,[88]although exclusive relationships form later.[89]Some college newspapers have decried the lack of dating on campuses after a 2001 study was published, and conservative groups have promoted "traditional" dating.[90]When young people are in school, they have a lot of access to people their own age, and do not need tools such as online websites or dating services.[91]Chinese writer Lao Wai, writing to homeland Chinese about America, considered that the college years were the "golden age of dating" for Americans, when Americans dated more than at any other time in their life.[92][86]There are indications people in their twenties are less focused on marriage but on careers.[93]

People over thirty, lacking recent college experience, have better luck online finding partners.[86]EconomistSylvia Ann Hewlettin 2002 found that 55% of 35-year-old career women were childless, while 19% of male corporate executives were, and concluded that "the rule of thumb seems to be that the more successful the woman, the less likely it is she will find a husband or bear a child."[94]

While people tend to date others close to their own age, it's possible for older men to date younger women. In many countries, the older-man-younger-woman arrangement is seen as permissible, sometimes with benefits. It's looked on more positively in the U.S. than in China for example; older men are described as more knowledgeable sexually and intellectually, supportive, skilled in the ways of women, and financially more secure so there's "no more going Dutch."[95]In China, older men with younger women are more likely to be described as "weird uncles" rather than "silver foxes."[95]One Beijing professor reportedly advised his male students to delay dating:

Research shows that successful men are, on average, older than their spouses by 12 years; exceptional men, by 17 years; and Nobel laureates, well, they can be 54 years older than their mates. Why date now when your ideal wives are still in kindergarten!

— [95]
ActressDemi Moore,when she was dating younger actorAshton Kutcher,had been described as acougar.

A notable example of the older-woman-younger-man isDemi Moorepairing with 15-years-her-juniorAshton Kutcher.Older women in such relations have recently been described as "cougars", and formerly such relationships were often kept secret or discreet, but there is a report that such relationships are becoming more accepted and increasing.[96]

Sincedivorceis increasing in many areas, sometimes celebrated with "divorce parties",[97]there is dating advice for the freshly divorced as well, which includes not talking about your ex or your divorce but focusing on "activities that bring joy to your life."[98]Adviser Claire Rayner inThe Guardiansuggests calling people from your address book with whom you haven't been in touch for years and say "I'd love to get back in contact."[99]Do activities you like doing with like-minded people; if someone seems interesting to you, tell them.[99]It's more acceptable for this group for women to ask men out.[99]

See also

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References

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  1. ^The Whole Art of Polite Courtship; Or the Ladies & Gentlemen's Love Letter Writer: Being a Complete Collection of Information and Advice on the Subject of Love, with New Hints to be Observed for the Choice of a Husband.Webb. Millington & Company. 1849.Archivedfrom the original on 2023-03-19.Retrieved2022-08-08.
  2. ^The Etiquette of Courtship and Matrimony: with a Complete Guide to the Forms of a Wedding.George Routledge and Son. 1852.Archivedfrom the original on 2023-03-19.Retrieved2022-08-08.
  3. ^abMarc Zakian (26 January 2009)."Treat 'em mean, keep 'em keen".The Guardian.Archivedfrom the original on 2015-12-24.Retrieved2010-12-08.If you are rejected or ignored, remember that it is not about you. Don't focus on one person...
  4. ^Kira Cochrane (24 January 2009)."Should I follow any rules?".The Guardian.Archivedfrom the original on 2015-12-25.Retrieved2010-12-08.The problem with most dating rules,... They make a game and a chore out of something that should be natural and fun and overwhelming.
  5. ^ab"Blake Edwards, Prolific Comedy Director, Dies at 88".The New York Times.December 16, 2010.Archivedfrom the original on 2012-04-22.Retrieved2010-12-17.... "She has lilacs for pubic hair."...
  6. ^Lori Jean Glass. "Dating with purpose" Pivot 10.5 (2022) |url=https://www.lovetopivot.com/dating-with-a-purpose/Archived2022-07-17 at theWayback Machine
  7. ^Stevens, Sarah B., and Tracy L. Morris. "College dating and social anxiety: Using the Internet as a means of connecting to others." CyberPsychology & Behavior 10.5 (2007): 680-688.
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Bibliography

[edit]
  • Sizer-Webb, Frances; Eleanor Noss DeBruyne; Linda Kelly DeBruyne (2000).Health: Making Life Choices.Glencoe/McGraw-Hill. pp. 499–500.
  • Dowell, Max (2014).Changing The Dating Game.Owlets Media.
  • Havelin, Kate (2000).Dating: What Is a Healthy Relationship?.Capstone Press.

Further reading

[edit]
  • Moira Weigel (2016).Labor of Love: The Invention of Dating.Farrar, Straus and Giroux.ISBN978-0374182533.
  • Anna Brown (2020). "Nearly Half of U.S. Adults Say Dating Has Gotten Harder for Most People in the Last 10 Years". Pew Research Center.https://pewrsr.ch/3ldzwKm
[edit]