David Shoenberg
David Shoenberg | |
|---|---|
| Born | 4 January 1911 |
| Died | 10 March 2004(aged 93) |
| Citizenship | British |
| Alma mater | Trinity College, Cambridge |
| Known for | Shoenberg effect |
| Spouse | Catherine Félicité Fischmann |
| Scientific career | |
| Thesis | The magnetic properties of bismuth(1936) |
| Doctoral advisor | Pyotr Kapitza[1] |
| Doctoral students | John K. Hulm Joe Vinen[2] |
David Shoenberg,MBEFRS[3](4 January 1911 – 10 March 2004) was aBritishphysicistwho worked incondensed matter physics.Shoenberg is known for having developed experimental and theoretical principles to study theDe Haas–Van Alphen effectto characterize the electrical conduction of metals.
Biography
[edit]David Shoenberg was the fourth of five children of SirIsaac Shoenberg,engineer and pioneer of radio and television, and Esther (née Aisenstein).[4]He was born inSt. Petersburg,but came to England with the family when he was three. He attendedLatymer Upper School,from where he won a scholarship toTrinity College, Cambridgeand went up in October 1929. He had intended to study mathematics, but after one year he switched to physics, gaining a First in Part II[clarification needed]in 1932. This ensured that he could continue as a research student, working on low-temperature physics in the newly-built Mond Laboratory,[5]and supervised byPeter Kapitza,FRS.[3][4]
In August 1934 Kapitza went to a conference in Moscow, and to visit his parents, but was not permitted to leave. He left Shoenberg more or less on his own. When the half-built helium liquefier was finished, Shoenberg chose the two topics which lasted him to the end of his active life, superconductivity and theDe Haas-Van Alphen effect(dHvA).[6]
Back in Moscow a new Laboratory had been built for Kapitza, to which Shoenberg was invited in 1937. He spent a year there, continuing work on, and making considerable advances in the understanding of dHvA.[7]
During theWorld War IIShoenberg worked on mine-detection and delayed-action fuses (for which he was appointedMBEin 1944[8]).[4]
For most of his career Schoenberg made the dHvA effect into a powerful tool for understanding the behaviour of conduction electrons in metals.[1]A tribute to Shoenberg’s work and contributions was published by V M Pudalov of theLebedev Physical Institutein 2011.[9]
Family
[edit]In Cambridge, in March 1940, David Shoenberg married Catherine (Kate) Félicité Fischmann, who was some five years older. Her ancestry was Russian but she was born a Belgian, and had taken British nationality before her marriage. She was a physiology graduate ofUniversity College Londonand worked in Cambridge on tissue culture, at theStrangeways Research Laboratoryand elsewhere. The Shoenbergs had two daughters, Ann and Jane, and a son Peter.
Kate died in Cambridge in 2003, age 97. David died inAddenbrooke's Hospitalon 10 March 2004, following a stroke, and was cremated in Cambridge on the 18th.[4]
Appointments and awards
[edit]- 1944 MBE
- 1944-1952 University Lecturer in Physics, Cambridge University
- 1947-1973 Head of the Royal Society Mond Laboratory
- 1947-1973 Corporate Official Fellow,Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge
- 1952-1973 Reader in Physics
- 1953 FRS
- 1964Fritz London Memorial Prize
- 1973-1978 Professor of Physics (Emeritus)
- 1973-1978 Head of the Low Temperature Physics Group, Cavendish Laboratory
- 1973-2004 Life Fellow
- 1982 International Honorary Member of theAmerican Academy of Arts & Sciences[10]
- 1995Hughes Medal
References
[edit]- ^abChambers, R G(2004)."Obituary: David Shoenberg (1911–2004)".Nature.428(6983): 613.Bibcode:2004Natur.428..613C.doi:10.1038/428613a.PMID15071584.
- ^Gough, C. E. (1999). "W F Vinen - a celebration".Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter.11(40): 7669–7676.Bibcode:1999JPCM...11.7669G.doi:10.1088/0953-8984/11/40/001.
- ^abPippard, Sir B.(2005)."David Shoenberg. 4 January 1911 -- 10 March 2004: Elected F.R.S. 1953".Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society.51:379.doi:10.1098/rsbm.2005.0025.
- ^abcd"Shoenberg, David".Oxford Dictionary of National Biography(online ed.). Oxford University Press.doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/93636.(Subscription orUK public library membershiprequired.)
- ^"Royal Society Mond Laboratory".Nature:210–211. 11 February 1933.
- ^Pippard, Brian (16 March 2004). "Professor David Shoenberg: Central figure in Cambridge low-temperature physics".The Independent.
- ^Shoenberg, D (1939). "Magnetic properties of bismuth. III. Further measurements on the de Haas–van Alphen effect".Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A.170(942): 341–364.Bibcode:1939RSPSA.170..341S.doi:10.1098/rspa.1939.0036.
- ^"London Gazette".
- ^Pudalov, V M (January 2011). "David Shoenberg and the beauty of quantum oscillations".Low Temperature Physics.37(1): 12–24.Bibcode:2011LTP....37....8P.doi:10.1063/1.3549164.
- ^"Professor David Shoenberg".American Academy of Arts & Sciences.Retrieved26 November2020.
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| Academics | |
| People | |
| Other | |
- 1911 births
- 2004 deaths
- British physicists
- Fellows of the Royal Society
- People educated at Latymer Upper School
- Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
- Fellows of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge
- English people of Belarusian-Jewish descent
- Members of the Order of the British Empire
- Jewish British scientists